scholarly journals Meteorological Factors and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Backdrop of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar ◽  
Shu Jinghong ◽  
Habib Gul
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Epidemic Spreading ◽  
Ardl Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Elements ◽  
Instrumental Role

Coronavirus victims have been confirmed all around the world and millions of people are being put into self-isolation. In this backdrop, a superior appreciation of the effective parameters in epidemic spreading can cause a cogent assessment toward COVID-19. In this vein, the consequences of weather indicators on the spread of COVID-19 can play an instrumental role in the current coronavirus situation enveloping the world. These elements entail time, maximum and minimum temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall. By such an incorporation, their consequent effects on coronavirus in Pakistan are explored. In the current study, principal elements are considered including the number of infected patients with coronavirus in Pakistan. The autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) approach is used to analyze the effects and relationships of variables with the COVID-19 expansion rate extracting data from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021. The results revealed that maximum and minimum temperature, humidity, wind speed, and rainfall had a significant positive correlation with total and confirmed cases of COVID-19. Lastly, this brief communication attempts to clarify the outbreak of coronavirus in the region.

scholarly journals Relationship between Climate Variables and New Daily COVID-19 Cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mofijur ◽  
Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah ◽  
A. B. M. Saiful Islam ◽  
S.M. Ashrafur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigates the relationship between the transmission of COVID-19 infections and climate indicators in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, using coronavirus infections data available from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Bangladesh. The Spearman-ranked correlation test was carried out to study the association of seven climate indicators, including humidity, air quality, minimum temperature, precipitation, maximum temperature, mean temperature and wind speed with the COVID-19 outbreak in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The study found that, among the seven indicators, only three indicators (air quality, minimum temperature and average temperature) have a significant relationship with new COVID-19 cases. The results of this paper will give health regulators and policymakers valuable information to lessen the COVID-19 infection in Dhaka and other countries around the world.

scholarly journals Empirical Research on Climate Warming Risks for Forest Fires: A Case Study of Grade I Forest Fire Danger Zone, Sichuan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7773
Author(s):  
San Wang ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Shukui Niu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Forest Fire Danger

The Sichuan province is a key area for forest and grassland fire prevention in China. Forest resources contribute significantly not only to the biological gene pool in the mid latitudes but also in reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases and slowing down global warming. To study and forecast forest fire change trends in a grade I forest fire danger zone in the Sichuan province under climate change, the dynamic impacts of meteorological factors on forest fires in different climatic regions were explored and a model between them was established by using an integral regression in this study. The results showed that the dominant factor behind the area burned was wind speed in three climatic regions, particularly in Ganzi and A’ba with plateau climates. In Ganzi and A’ba, precipitation was mainly responsible for controlling the number of forest fires while it was mainly affected by temperature in Panzhihua and Liangshan with semi-humid subtropical mountain climates. Moreover, the synergistic effect of temperature, precipitation and wind speed was responsible in basin mid-subtropical humid climates with Chengdu as the center and the influence of temperature was slightly higher. The differential forest fire response to meteorological factors was observed in different climatic regions but there was some regularity. The influence of monthly precipitation in the autumn on the area burned in each climatic region was more significant than in other seasons, which verified the hypothesis of a precipitation lag effect. Climate warming and the combined impact of warming effects may lead to more frequent and severe fires.

Assessment of Weather and Climate-Related Risks to Human Health in Different Areas of the Krasnoyarsk Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
DA Narutdinov ◽  
RS Rakhmanov ◽  
ES Bogomolova ◽  
SA Razgulin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Temperate Climates

Introduction: Extreme climate conditions have a negative impact on human health. Purpose: The study aimed to assess weather and climate-related risks to human health in different areas of the Krasnoyarsk Region by effective temperatures estimated during two long-term observation periods. Materials and methods: We analyzed ambient temperatures (average monthly and minimum), wind speed (average and maximum), and relative humidity in the subarctic and temperate continental zones estimated during the periods of determining climatic norms in 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. The health risk was assessed on the basis of effective temperatures. Results: In the subarctic zone, the wind strength (average and maximum values) decreased, the duration of such periods increased just like the ambient temperature while the relative humidity did not change. In temperate climates, all indicators have changed. In the subarctic zone, in the second observation period, frostbite was possible within 20–30 minutes during two months (versus 3 in the first). In the temperate climate, there was no such risk to humans. At the minimum temperature and maximum wind speed in the subarctic zone, the risk of frostbite is possible during 5 months (versus 6): after 10–15 minutes during two months and after 20–30 minutes – during three months of the year. In temperate climates, frostbite is possible within 20–30 minutes during two months (versus 3 in the first period). Conclusions: In the interval of establishing climatic norms (1991–2020), a significant increase in effective temperatures was determined: in the subarctic zone with the average wind strength and temperature in February–April and June, with maximum wind and minimum temperature – in March–July; in temperate climates, in April and June, respectively. The duration of periods of health risks posed by cold temperature exposures in the subarctic climate with average wind and temperature values equaled two months (I–II), with maximum wind speed and minimum temperatures – five months (XI–III); in the temperate climate, it was null and 2 (3) months (I, II, and XII), respectively.

Impact of weather parameters on alternaria blight of Indian mustard [(Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.)]

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Rakesh Punia ◽  
Pavitra Kumari ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
AS Rathi ◽  
Ram Avtar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Sunshine Hours

Progression of Alternaria blight disease was measured on two susceptible Indian mustard varieties viz., RH 30 and RH 0749 sown at three different dates. The maximum increase in disease severity was recorded between first weeks of February and last week of February. During this period, the maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity at morning and evening, average vapour pressure of morning and evening, maximum and bright sunshine hours and wind speed were higher, which resulted in congenial conditions for severe infection by the pathogen. The disease severity was positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, average vapour pressure, wind speed, sunshine hours and evaporation, while relative humidity and rainfall negatively correlated with Alternaria blight on both the varieties. A maximum value of area under disease progress curve was observed on cultivar RH 30 (651.1 cm2) as compared to RH 0749 (578.9 cm2), when crop was sown on 9th November.

Dependence of Aerosol Particle Concentration in Surface Air over the Moscow Region on Wind Speed and Lapse Rate

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
E. A. Stulov ◽  
◽  
E. V. Sosnikova ◽  
N. A. Monakhova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Simple Estimation ◽  
The City

Based on the daily measurements of atmospheric aerosol characteristics in the city of Dolgoprudny (20 km from the center of Moscow) carried out during 2013-2018, the influence of some meteorological factors on the concentration of various aerosol fractions in the surface layer of the atmosphere is analyzed. It is that the aerosol concentration depends most on the wind speed and the vertical temperature gradient. The method of simple estimation of aerosol particles accumulation conditions in the surface layer based on the use of standard radiosonde data is developed.

scholarly journals Assessing the effect of meteorological factors on daily children’s respiratory disease hospitalizations: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfang Guo ◽  
Letai Yi ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Baojun Wang ◽  
Minhui Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract Background Some previous studies have examined the effects of temperature, humidity, wind speed and atmospheric pressure on children morbidity, but few studies have evaluated health effects of combined effect of various meteorological factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of daily changes in meteorological factors and their comprehensive effects on children’s respiratory disease hospitalizations for different ages, genders and subtypes in Baotou, China. Methods Generalized additive models and distributed lag non-linear models were constructed to simultaneously assess the exposure–response associations between daily admission counts of children with respiratory diseases and daily net effective temperature and other meteorological factors as well as their lag dependencies. Results In general, the cumulative meteorological factors had greater effects on lower respiratory tract infections than upper respiratory tract infections (RR: temperature [4.2 vs. 2.7]; wind speed [3.1 vs. 2.5]; humidity [1.8 vs. 1.3]). The effects on children over 3 years old were greater than those on children aged 0–3 years (OR: temperature [4.4 vs. 1.3]; wind speed [4.4 vs. 1.5]), while the effects on female children were greater than those on male children (OR: temperature [2.6 vs. 1.8]; wind speed [3.3 vs. 1.6]). However, some differences were observed between groups with regard to the effect of humidity. Hence, the net effective temperature was calculated using comprehensive meteorological factors, and the influence range value and peak value of each group were determined. Conclusions The influence of meteorological factors on children’s respiratory disease hospitalizations shows different characteristics in different subgroups. Hence, the net effective temperature was calculated using the comprehensive meteorological factors, and the influence range and peak value of each group were determined so as to recommend the corresponding measures accordingly.

scholarly journals RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS INDICADORES DE GOVERNANÇA DOS PAÍSES E O ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Aguiar Filho ◽  
Marco Antônio Tomé ◽  
Adilson De Brito Farias ◽  
Celso Machado Machado Junior ◽  
Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World

O desenvolvimento humano dos países se trata de um tema em destaque que exige ações governamentais para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus cidadãos. O problema de dimensionar este desenvolvimento frente às ações de governo determina o objetivo de analisar a existência de correlação entre os indicadores de governança dos países calculados pelo Banco Mundial (WGI) com o índice de desenvolvimento humano calculado pela Organização das nações Unidas (IDH). Para investigar essa hipótese foram efetuadas análises de correlação entre o IDH e as seis dimensões de governança do WGI. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam a existência de significativa correlação positiva entre o IDH e o WGI, estabelecendo assim o entendimento da complementariedade destes indicadores, e a possibilidade de sua utilização no estabelecimento de ações governamentais.Palavras-chave: Governança dos países. WGI. Desenvolvimento humano. IDH. Desenvolvimento sustentável.ABSTRACTThe human development level of the countries is a key issue that requires government actions to improve the quality of life of its citizens. The problem of dimensioning this development in relation to government actions determines the objective of analyzing the existence of a correlation between the indicators of governance of the countries calculated by the World Bank (WGI) and the human development index calculated by the United Nations (IDH). To investigate this hypothesis, correlation analyzes were performed between HDI and the six governance dimensions of WGI. The results of the research confirm the existence of a significant positive correlation between the HDI and the WGI, thus establishing the understanding of the complementarity of these indicators and the possibility of their use in the establishment of governmental actions.Keywords: Worldwide governance. WGI. Human development. HDI. Sustainable development.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and the Weather: Correlation between COVID-19 and Meteorological Variables in 3 Cities in Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-91
Author(s):  
Hermes Ulises Ramirez-Sanchez ◽  
Alma Delia Ortiz-Bañuelos ◽  
Aida Lucia Fajardo-Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Infected Person

Meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction are associated with the dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through aerosols, particles <5μm are suspended in the air being infective at least three hours and dispersing from eight to ten meters. It has been shown that a 10-minute conversation, an infected person produces up to 6000 aerosol particles, which remain in the air from minutes to hours, depending on the prevailing weather conditions. Objective: To establish the correlation between meteorological variables, confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the 3 most important cities of Mexico. Methodology: A retrospective ecological study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of meteorological factors with COVID-19 cases and deaths in three Mexican cities. Results: The correlations between health and meteorological variables show that in the CDMX the meteorological variables that best correlate with the health variables are Temperature (T), Dew Point (DP), Wind speed (WS), Atmospheric Pressure (AP) and Relative Humidity (RH) in that order. In the ZMG are T, WS, RH, DP and AP; and in the ZMM are RH, WS, DP, T and AP. Conclusions In the 3 Metropolitan Areas showed that the meteorological factors that best correlate with the confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 are the T, RH; however, the correlation coefficients are low, so their association with health variables is less than other factors such as social distancing, hand washing, use of antibacterial gel and use of masks.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION OF MOBILITY TREND AND SITUATION OF COVID-19 BY COUNTRY, TERRITORY, AND AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Adrina Esther Liaw ◽  
Jihan Natra Shafira ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Iche Andriyani Liberty
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Each country around the world has taken several approaches in order to stop the spreading of the virus. This study was conducted to correlate the mobility trend and the situation of COVID-19 by country, territory, and area. This research paper adopts an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach for 115 countries from February 17th to August 27th, 2020. Tajikistan (r=0,956) and Italy (r=0,931) has the highest positive correlation for retail and recreations. For grocery,the highest degree of positive correlation is Mongolia (r=0,945) and Tajikistan (r=0,933). Bostwana and Italy showed highest significant positive correlation among countries (r=0,985 and r=0,902, respectively) for transit stations and residential  (r=0,994 and r=0,984). Bostwana also has the highest significant positive correlation for the park (r=0.980). Meanwhile, for the workplace, Mauritius (r=0,863) and Dominica (r=0,785) are countries with the highest degree of positive correlation with a cumulative case of COVID-19. Society's behavior plays an important role by following the government policy in order to slow down the spread of the virus. Retail and recreations, groceries and pharmacy stores, transit stations, parks, and workplaces found to have a significant positive correlation while residential have a significant negative correlation with cumulative cases of COVID-19 in most countries.  

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