scholarly journals Effects of Full Straw Incorporation on Soil Fertility and Crop Yield in Rice-Wheat Rotation for Silty Clay Loamy Cropland

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinlin Zhao ◽  
Guoyin Yuan ◽  
Huoyan Wang ◽  
Dianjun Lu ◽  
Xiaoqin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Straw Incorporation

This 2-year field experiment investigated the effects of full straw incorporation on soil fertility and crop yield in a rice-wheat (Oryza sativa L.–Triticum aestivum L.) rotation on sandy, loamy soil. Two treatments were tested: (i) straw removal (CK) and (ii) straw incorporation (STR). The STR significantly increased the wheat yield by an average of 58% compared with CK; however, no significant difference was found in the rice yield. Soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased by more than 15% with STR compared to CK. The soil cation exchange capacity and organic carbon in the 0–20 cm soil layer increased by 8% and 22%, for STR compared to CK, respectively. Straw incorporation significantly elevated the soil saturated water content but decreased the soil bulk density compared with CK. Soil aggregates >2 mm were significantly increased after straw return. STR also notably increased the soil urease, invertase, and catalase activities in the 0–15 cm soil layer by 11.4%, 41.0%, and 12.9%, respectively, and the soil microbial carbon and nitrogen contents in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 59% and 54%. Therefore, full straw incorporation could significantly improve soil fertility and maintain crop yields for the study area.

scholarly journals Crop Yield and Soil Fertility Status of Long-Term Rice-Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Nabin Rawal ◽  
Rajan Ghimire ◽  
Devraj Chalise
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Available Phosphorus

Balanced nutrient supply is important for the sustainable crop production. We evaluated the effects of nutrient management practices on soil properties and crop yields in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - rice - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system in a long-term experiment established at National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, Nepal. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block experiment with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments were applied as: T1- no nutrients added, T2- N added; T3- N and P added; T4- N and K added; T5- NPK added at recommended rate for all crops. Similarly, T6- only N added in rice and NPK in wheat at recommended rate; T7- half N; T8- half NP of recommended rate for both crops; and T9- farmyard manure (FYM) @10 Mg ha-1 for all crops in rotation. Results of the study revealed that rice and wheat yields were significantly greater under FYM than all other treatments. Treatments that did not receive P (T2, T3, T7, T8) and K (T2, T4) had considerably low wheat yield than treatments that received NPK (T5) and FYM (T9). The FYM lowered soil pH and improved soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), and exchangeable potassium (K) contents than other treatments. Management practices that ensure nutrient supply can increase crop yield and improve soil fertility status.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 42-50

Spring wheat productivity forecasting in the forest steppe zone of Volga by least squares method

10.12737/2167 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Аввакумов ◽  
Oleg Avvakumov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

The efficient use of arable land is based on the prediction of crop yields. In extensive farming system the productivity forecasting was carried out by scores of soil fertility, where the level of soil fertility was associated with soil type, and crop yields depended on the leading basic and sustained properties - humus content, cation-exchange capacity, particle size distribution. The system of intensive farming is based on the use of mineral and organic fertilizers. The leading factor in the formation of crop yield is the soil security by mobile soil nutrients on the background of optimal soil parameters. Nowadays, crop yield forecasting is made with the use of the available to plants macro nutrition content. The article presents the results of spring wheat yield prognosis in the Laishevo municipal district with the use of MatLab (matrix operations). The matrix was made according to the data over the last 43 years, it’s moving averages with steps of 11 and 22 years, the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium, determined by the method of Kirsanov. The predictive ability is confirmed by correlation analysis, for the actual number of crop coefficients of correlation with phosphorus and potassium are 0.52 and 0.61, respectively, for the moving average yields are equal to 0.94 and 0.95. A comparison of the actual spring wheat yield (УФ) with the calculated data (the model 1 and the model 2) shows the average deviation of 30%. Similar calculations for the derived series of the moving average of crop yield for the step length of 11 years gives a marked decrease in the deviation of 5-6 %. This convergence of data with the calculated У11 (the model 1 and the model 2, in the left part of the table) indicates for the elimination of weather factor for У11, which influences the overall level of productivity of spring wheat in the forest-steppe zone. The conclusion of the article is the inclusion of agro-climatic conditions (precipitation and temperature) for further calculation of crop yields forecasting.

Grain yield and N benefits to sequential wheat and barley crops from single-year alfalfa, berseem and red clover, chickling vetch and lentil

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Bullied ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
S. R. Smith, Jr. ◽  
K. C. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
First Year ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Content

Single-year hay alfalfas (Medicago sativa L.), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and red clovers (Trifolium pratense L.), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) were evaluated for rotational yield and N benefits to the following first-year wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and second-year barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crops. Field experiments were initiated in 1997 and 1998 on a Riverdale silty clay soil at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Yield and N content of the following wheat crop were increased following legumes compared to wheat following a canola control. Wheat yield and N content averaged 2955 kg ha–1 and 76.1 kg ha–1, respectively, following the chickling vetch and lentil, 2456 kg ha–1 and 56.4 kg ha–1 following single-year hay legumes, compared with 1706 kg ha–1 and 37.9 kg ha–1 following canola. Non-dormant alfalfas (dormancy rating of eight or greater) contributed to larger grain yields than the dormant alfalfas only in the first year of each experiment. The chickling vetch and lentil provided similar or higher subsequent crop yields and N content for 2 yr compared to a canola control or fallow treatment. This study shows that some increase in yield can be achieved by using a single-year alfalfa hay crop instead of fallow; however, exclusive green manuring of chickling vetch and lentil crops can produce the most increase in yield and N uptake in subsequent crops. Key words: Alfalfa (single-year), legumes (annual), green manure, nitrogen, cropping system

scholarly journals Traffic and Tillage Effects on Soil Water Conservation and Winter Wheat Yield in the Loess Plateau, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-517
Author(s):  
Hao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
Controlled Traffic

Abstract In semi-humid Loess Plateau of northern China, water is the limiting factor for rain-fed crop yields. In this region, long-term traditional ploughing with straw removal has resulted in poor soil structure, water conservation and crop yield. Controlled traffic, combined with no-till and straw cover has been proposed to improve soil water conservation and crop yield. From 1999 to 2007, a field experiment on winter wheat was conducted in the dryland area of Loess Plateau of northern China, to investigate the effects of traffic and tillage on soil water conservation and crop yield. The field experiment was conducted using two controlled traffic treatments, no tillage with residue cover and no compaction (NTCN), shallow tillage with residue cover and no compaction (STCN) and one conventional tillage treatment (CK). Results showed that controlled traffic system reduced soil compaction in the top soil layer, increased soil water infiltration. The benefit on soil water infiltration translated into more soil conservation (16.1%) in 0-100 cm soil layer in fellow period, and achieved higher soil water availability at planting (16.5%), with less yearly variation. Consequently, controlled traffic system increased wheat yield by 12.6% and improved water use efficiency by 5.2%, both with less yearly variation, compared with conventional tillage. Within controlled traffic treatments, no tillage treatment NTCN showed better overall performance. In conclusion, controlled traffic combined with no-tillage and straw cover has higher performance on conserving water, improving yield and water use efficiency. It is a valuable system for soil and water conservation for the sustainable development of agriculture in dryland China.

scholarly journals Effect of integrated nitrogen management through organic and inorganic sources on the yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and status of soil fertility at harvest

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-727
Author(s):  
Harish Shenoy ◽  
Siddaraju M. N.
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Integrated Nitrogen Management

The present investigation was conducted with the objective of utilizing locally available organic resources for substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen partly and augmenting soil health.  The experiment was carried out for the crop kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.) in coastal Karnataka with eleven treatments laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Vermicompost (VC), Poultry manure (PM) and Fish manure (FM) were used as organic nitrogen sources integrated with mineral nitrogen source of fertilizer urea at substitution ratios of  25, 50 and 100 percent. These treatments were compared with control and recommended dose of nitrogen. The results revealed that the substitution of 50 per cent of nitrogen through VC  recorded significantly (P<0.05) higher plant height  (92.27 cm), higher number of productive tillers (16.85 hill-1), higher grain yield (5434 kg ha-1) and straw yield ( 6817 kg ha-1) compared to control. The results of the soil sample analysis for soil fertility parameters indicated that the major nutrients were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by integrated nitrogen management.  The available nitrogen (382.36 kg ha-1) and available potassium (143.7 kg ha-1) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment T4 where a recommended dose of nitrogen was substituted by 50 percent VC compared to control (294.05 kg ha-1 and 92.31 kg ha-1 respectively). However, the available soil phosphorus was significantly higher with treatment 50 per cent  RDN substituted by PM  (78.83 kg ha-1) as compared to control (43.93 kg  ha-1).  Thus, integrated resource management improved crop yield and post-harvest soil fertility.

Analyzing Temperature and Precipitation Influences on Yield Distributions of Canola and Spring Wheat in Saskatchewan

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Meng ◽  
Richard Carew ◽  
Wojciech J. Florkowski ◽  
Anna M. Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe IPCC indicates that global mean temperature increases of 2°C or more above preindustrial levels negatively affect such crops as wheat. Canadian climate model projections show warmer temperatures and variable rainfall will likely affect Saskatchewan’s canola and spring wheat production. Drier weather will have the greatest impact. The major climate change challenges will be summer water availability, greater drought frequencies, and crop adaptation. This study investigates the impact of precipitation and temperature changes on canola and spring wheat yield distributions using Environment Canada weather data and Statistics Canada crop yield and planted area for 20 crop districts over the 1987–2010 period. The moment-based methods (full- and partial-moment-based approaches) are employed to characterize and estimate asymmetric relationships between climate variables and the higher-order moments of crop yields. A stochastic production function and the focus on crop yield’s elasticity imply choosing the natural logarithm function as the mean function transformation prior to higher-moment function estimation. Results show that average crop yields are positively associated with the growing season degree-days and pregrowing season precipitation, while they are negatively affected by extremely high temperatures in the growing season. The climate measures have asymmetric effects on the higher moments of crop yield distribution along with stronger effects of changing temperatures than precipitation on yield distribution. Higher temperatures tend to decrease wheat yields, confirming earlier Saskatchewan studies. This study finds pregrowing season precipitation and precipitation in the early plant growth stages particularly relevant in providing opportunities to develop new crop varieties and agronomic practices to mitigate climate changes.

Traditional Tillage Systems as Drought Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Semi-Arid Central Tanzania

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riziki S. Shemdoe ◽  
Idris S. Kikula ◽  
Patrick Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Selection Of

This article presents local knowledge on ecosystem management by analyzing and discussing traditional tillage practices applied by smallholder farmers as a response to drought risks in dryland areas of Mpwapwa District, central Tanzania. Farming activities in the area wholly depend on rain-fed systems. Information from key informants and in-depth household interviews indicate that farmers in this area use three different traditional tillage practices—no-till (sesa), shallow tillage (kutifua), and ridges (matuta). Available information suggests that selection of a particular practice depends on affordability (in terms of costs and labor requirements), perceived ability to retain nutrient and soil-water, and improvement of control of erosion and crop yield. In this area, smallholder farmers perceive no-till practice to contribute to more weed species, hence more weeding time and labor are needed than in the other two practices. The no-till practice also contributes to low soil fertility, low soil moisture retention, and poor crop yield. No plans have been made to introduce irrigation farming in these marginal areas of central Tanzania. Thus, improving the ability of the tillage practices to conserve soil moisture and maintain soil fertility nutrients using locally available materials are important tasks to be carried out. This will ensure the selection of practices that will have positive influence on improved crop yields in the area.

scholarly journals Review of Large-Scale Biochar Field-Trials for Soil Amendment and the Observed Influences on Crop Yield Variations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandit Vijay ◽  
Sowmya Shreedhar ◽  
Komalkant Adlak ◽  
Sachin Payyanad ◽  
Vandana Sreedharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

Increasing pressure on farming systems due to rapid urbanization and population growth has severely affected soil health and fertility. The need to meet the growing food demands has also led to unsustainable farming practices with the intensive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in significant greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar, a multifunctional carbon material, is being actively explored globally for simultaneously addressing the concerns related to improving soil fertility and mitigating climate change. Reviews on biochar, however, mainly confined to lab-scale studies analyze biochar production and its characteristics, its effects on soil fertility, and carbon sequestration. The present review addresses this gap by focusing on biochar field trials to enhance the current understanding of its actual impact on the field, w.r.t. agriculture and climate change. The review presents an overview of the effects of biochar application as observed in field studies on soil health (soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties), crop productivity, and its potential role in carbon sequestration. General trends from this review indicate that biochar application provides higher benefits in soil properties and crop yield in degraded tropical soils vis-a-vis the temperate regions. The results also reveal diverse observations in soil health properties and crop yields with biochar amendment as different studies consider different crops, biochar feedstocks, and local climatic and soil conditions. Furthermore, it has been observed that the effects of biochar application in lab-scale studies with controlled environments are not always distinctly witnessed in corresponding field-based studies and the effects are not always synchronous across different regions. Hence, there is a need for more data, especially from well-designed long-term field trials, to converge and validate the results on the effectiveness of biochar on diverse soil types and agro-climatic zones to improve crop productivity and mitigate climate change.

scholarly journals Co-evolution hints at soil microbial biomass as the entity of soil fertility

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Yasukazu Hosen ◽  
Uchada Sukchan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Wide Range

Nitrogen (N) and Carbon (C) are popular indicators of soil fertility; however, they are not soil fertility itself. In fact, they may be seen as just two aspects of the one entity. Soil microbial biomass (SMB) is also one of soil fertility indicators; furthermore, recent study of co-evolution between plants and microorganisms raises an idea that SMB might be the entity of fertility. The correlation between SMB and crop yield has been found in some studies but not in others. Those studies were conducted from the standpoint of N stock balance; therefore, the correlation between soil properties before planting and plant yields were analyzed. Here, we show—in our analysis of harvest-time soil properties and crop yields—that SMB correlates more strongly than inorganic N, total N, or total C with average crop yield under a wide range of cultivation conditions. From the viewpoint of co-evolution, plant biomass is a part of the plant and soil microorganism system; therefore, increasing SMB will balance by increasing plant biomass. In addition, the SMB could increase independently from the plant growth by artificial organic matter input. This concept will break through the yield limitation of conventional farming.

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