scholarly journals Ultraviolet Radiation Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Species from Northeastern Mexico

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Rahim Foroughbakhch Pournavab ◽  
Elly Bacópulos Mejía ◽  
Adalberto Benavides Mendoza ◽  
Lidia Salas Cruz ◽  
Maginot Ngangyo Heya
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Northeastern Mexico ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Uv C

Light is the only key factor essential for plant growth, and ultraviolet (UV) rays, the harmful part of solar radiation, have the ability to decrease the metabolic rate in photosynthesis, causing deterioration in their growth. Accurate handling of the ultraviolet light that reaches the crops allows the improvement of different aspects of production, such as the shape and color of the plants, the precocity of the crops, and an improvement in the control of pests and diseases. The present study was carried out with the purpose of studying the responses in terms of germination and growth of four plant species—Glycine max, Triticum aestivum, Helianthus annuus, and Pinus maximartinezii—exposed to different doses of UV-C and UV-B radiation, for evaluation through the standard germination and accelerated aging tests, registering the germination rate (GR) and vigor (V), the number of normal seedlings (NS), and the average lengths of radicle (ALR) and plumule (ALP). Seeds treated with UV-C radiation showed a significant difference (p <0.05) between treatments (doses) and species, both in the standard germination and accelerated aging tests for the ALR and ALP variables. Seeds of G. max showed low sensitivity in both tests, with the dose 43.20 kJ/m2/day. The seeds of H. annuus and P. maximartinezii showed high sensitivity in both tests under UV-C radiation, with the doses 8.64 kJ/m2/day and 0.864 kJ/m2/day, respectively. Both tests under UV-B radiation showed a significant difference (p < 0.01) between species and treatments in the variables NS and ALP, with the minimum dose (T2).

scholarly journals The Effect of Oral Tactile Sensitivity on Texture Perception and Mastication Behavior in Humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace E. Shupe ◽  
Arran Wilson ◽  
Curtis R. Luckett
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Texture Perception ◽  
Tactile Acuity ◽  
Force Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Sensitivity ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMastication behavior is a notable source of interindividual variation in texture perception and could be linked to oral sensitivity. As oral sensitivity declines so does the amount of tactile feedback relayed to the brain, resulting in less effective manipulation or food and a reduced ability to discriminate differences. To address these hypotheses, we measured masticatory behavior and related this to texture discrimination and oral sensitivity. The study was performed on 41 participants in two groups, with high (n = 20) or low (n=21) sensitivity. Oral sensitivity was measured using a battery of tests that included: oral stereognosis, lingual tactile acuity, and bite force sensitivity. Sensitivity to texture changes was measured using a series of triangle tests with confectionaries of different hardness, with masticatory patterns and behaviors being video recorded and analyzed using jaw tracking software. Overall, there was no significant difference between high and low sensitivity participants and their ability to distinguish texture changes. But, there were significantly different trends found between the groups based on their masticatory behaviors including chewing pattern and overall number of chews. But, it was found that multiple masticatory behaviors were being modulated by oral sensitivity, including overall chewing cycles used (p < 0.0001). More, specifically those in the high sensitivity group used more stochastic chewing movements, while those in the low sensitivity group were found to use crescent-shaped chewing cycles. It was also noted that in the high sensitivity group the jaw moved further distances (p < 0.0001) in all phases and moved at a higher velocity when opening (p < 0.0001) but not when closing, when compared to the low sensitivity group. These results help bolster evidence that mastication and oral sensitivity are related.

scholarly journals The Preventive Value of Acupoint Sensitization for Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Positive-Controlled, Multicentre Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shourui Huang ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Jiali Liu ◽  
Xiujuan Li ◽  
Qingyang Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stable Angina Pectoris ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
N 93 ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity To Pain ◽  
Nitroglycerin Consumption

Background. Acupoint sensitization is considered an important factor in the efficacy of acupoint therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acupressure in the prevention of stable angina pectoris using acupoints with different pressure-pain sensitivities. Methods. A total of 202 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to a high-sensitivity group (HSG) (n = 109) in which patients received acupressure at the five acupoints with the highest sensitivity to pain and a low-sensitivity group (LSG) (n = 93) in which patients received acupressure at the five acupoints with the lowest sensitivity to pain. The duration of acupressure treatment was 4 weeks, and the patients were evaluated at baseline, week 4, and week 8. The primary outcome was a change in the frequency of angina attacks from baseline. The secondary outcomes included nitroglycerin consumption, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification, and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire score. Adverse events such as bleeding and subcutaneous haemorrhage were recorded in both groups. Results. The effect of acupressure compared with baseline on the prevention of angina pectoris in HSG was better than that in LSG at week 4 (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.691 and 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.569, 0.839]) and week 8 (IRR: 0.692 and 95% CI: [0.569, 0.839]). No significant difference between groups was found in the frequency of nitroglycerin consumption at week 4 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.863 and 95% CI: [0.147, 5.077]) or week 8 (OR = 1.426 and 95% CI: [0.211, 9.661]). Two themes in the questionnaire showed significantly different changes from baseline between the two groups. Scores on the angina frequency (AF) subscale had changed more from the baseline in the HSG at week 8 than in the LSG (mean difference (MD) = 3.807 and 95% CI: [0.673, 6.942]). Scores on the treatment satisfaction (TS) subscale had also changed more in the HSG than in the LSG at week 4 (MD = 3.651 and 95% CI: [0.327, 7.327]) and week 8 (MD = 4.220 and 95% CI: [0.347, 7.346]). One patient in the LSG reported bruising at the acupoint. No unexpected safety problems arose. Conclusions. This study showed that acupressure at acupoints with high sensitivity to pain may effectively reduce the frequency of stable angina pectoris episodes. This trial is registered with NCT03975140.

scholarly journals PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
Olivia Harrison ◽  
Samantha Tauer ◽  
Brent Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Bioactive Proteins ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P &gt; 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.

scholarly journals Second harmonic generation correlation spectroscopy for characterizing translationally diffusing protein nanocrystals

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 849-859
Author(s):  
Ximeng Y. Dow ◽  
Christopher M. Dettmar ◽  
Emma L. DeWalt ◽  
Justin A. Newman ◽  
Alexander R. Dow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Process ◽  
Active Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Second harmonic generation correlation spectroscopy (SHG-CS) is demonstrated as a new approach to protein nanocrystal characterization. A novel line-scanning approach was performed to enable autocorrelation analysis without sample damage from the intense incident beam. An analytical model for autocorrelation was developed, which includes a correction for the optical scattering forces arising when focusing intense, infrared beams. SHG-CS was applied to the analysis of BaTiO3nanoparticles ranging from 200 to ∼500 nm and of photosystem I nanocrystals. A size distribution was recovered for each sample and compared with the size histogram measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Good agreement was observed between the two independent measurements. The intrinsic selectivity of the second-order nonlinear optical process provides SHG-CS with the ability to distinguish well ordered nanocrystals from conglomerates and amorphous aggregates. Combining the recovered distribution of particle diameters with the histogram of measured SHG intensities provides the inherent hyperpolarizability per unit volume of the SHG-active nanoparticles. Simulations suggest that the SHG activity per unit volume is likely to exhibit relatively low sensitivity to the subtle distortions within the lattice that contribute to resolution loss in X-ray diffraction, but high sensitivity to the presence of multi-domain crystals.

scholarly journals Acceptability of a Sublingual Drug Formulation for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Andrzej Emeryk ◽  
Thibault Vallet ◽  
Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda ◽  
Arkadiusz Jędrzejewski ◽  
Frederic Durmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Treatment Safety ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

In pediatrics, acceptability has emerged as a key factor for compliance, and consequently for treatment safety and efficacy. Polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL) in 50-mg sublingual tablets is indicated in children and adults for the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections. This medication may be prescribed in children over 3 years of age; the appropriateness of this sublingual formulation should thus be demonstrated amongst young children. Using a multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability, standardized observer reports were collected for medication intake over the course of treatment (days 1, 2, and 10) in 37 patients aged 3 to 5 years, and then analyzed in an intelligible model: the acceptability reference framework. According to this multidimensional model, 50-mg PMBL sublingual tablets were classified as “positively accepted” in children aged 3 to 5 years on all three days of evaluation. As the acceptability evaluation should be relative, we demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the acceptability of these sublingual tablets and a score reflecting the average acceptability of oral/buccal medicines in preschoolers. These results highlight that sublingual formulations could be appropriate for use in preschoolers.

Adaptation and Validation of the Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination in Dementia in Arabic Speakers in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
Tarik Qassem ◽  
Mohamed S. Khater ◽  
Tamer Emara ◽  
Doha Rasheedy ◽  
Heba M. Tawfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (m-ACE) is a brief cognitive battery that assesses 5 subdomains of cognition (attention, memory, verbal fluency, visuospatial abilities, and memory recall). It is scored out of 30 and can be administered in under 5 min providing a quick screening tool for assessment of cognition. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We aimed to adapt the m-ACE in Arabic speakers in Egypt and to validate it in dementia patients to provide cutoff scores. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included 37 patients with dementia (Alzheimer’s disease [<i>n</i> = 25], vascular dementia [<i>n</i> = 8], and dementia with Lewy body [<i>n</i> = 4]) and 43 controls. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a statistically significant difference (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) on the total m-ACE score between dementia patients (mean 10.54 and standard deviation [SD] 5.83) and controls (mean 24.02 and SD 2.75). There was also a statistically significant difference between dementia patients and controls on all sub-score domains of the m-ACE (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). Performance on the m-ACE significantly correlated with both the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III). Using a receiver operator characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff score for dementia on the m-ACE total score was found to be 18 (92% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 94% accuracy). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We adapted the m-ACE in Arabic speakers in Egypt and provided objective validation of it as a screening tool for dementia, with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-451 as an Early Predictor of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abdelsalam ◽  
A. M. Wahab ◽  
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki ◽  
Mohamad Motawea
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Microrna ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Background. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Microalbuminuria is the cornerstone for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. However, it is an inadequate marker for early diagnosis. MicroRNAs are not only new and promising markers for early diagnosis but also, but they may also play a role in the prevention of disease progression. Methods. This study included ninety patients with type 2 DM in addition to 30 control subjects. MicroRNA-451 expression in blood and plasma using real-time PCR was evaluated in addition to the classic diabetic nephropathy markers (serum creatinine, urinary albumin, and eGFR). Results. There was a significant difference between the studied groups versus control regarding serum creatinine, eGFR, urinary, and plasma microRNA-451 with p=0.0001. Patients with eGFR 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 showed a significantly higher plasma microRNA-451 (29.6 ± 1.6) and significantly lower urinary microRNA-451 (21 ± 0.9) in comparison to patients with eGFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and p=0.0001. eGFR showed a positive correlation with urinary microRNA-451 and negative correlation with both plasma microRNA-451 and urinary albumin. Both plasma and urinary microRNA-451 are highly sensitive and specific markers for chronicity in diabetic nephropathy patients with sensitivity of 90.9% and 95.5% and specificity of 67.6% and 95.6%, respectively. Conclusion. MicroRNA-451 is a promising early biomarker for chronic kidney disease in diabetic nephropathy with high sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Effect of X-ray irradiation on the F1 generation of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and the germination rate of maize grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sobifagha Princess Bell-Gam ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Uwaoma Otuodichinma Aguwa
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flour Production

Abstract Background The use of X-ray irradiation in the control of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infesting stored maize was tested at 60, 70 and 80 KeV as part of the international concerted efforts to save maize production and enhance food security. Investigations were done in the laboratory at mean temperature and relative humidity of 29.2 °C and 75.7%, respectively using three varieties of maize. The possibility that X-ray irradiation can affect the viability of maize grains when planted after weevil control process was also evaluated in the laboratory. Standard methods were used to achieve the specific objectives, and X-ray machine snap constituted the exposure time for each dose. Results The results revealed 10% mortality of adult weevils after 24 h and 40% mortality after a period of 7 days. The result indicates moderate effect on mortality. Progressive increase in mortality was recorded as dose increased from 60 to 80 KeV. X-ray irradiation at the doses tested did not significantly (P > 0.05) restrict S. zeamais emergence from maize grains and did not also significantly protect grains against damage and flour production. There was no difference in the pattern of daily emergence of new progenies and pattern of accumulated emergence. The relationship between X-ray irradiation doses and weight of emerging progenies require more specific analysis. Absence of significant difference between the viability of irradiated grains and un-irradiated grains strongly suggests that X-ray irradiation did not adversely affect seed viability, and this gives irradiation technique an opportunity of higher acceptability in agriculture. Conclusions We recommend > 80 KeV of X-ray irradiation or its incorporation into integrated pest management system in order to achieve effective post-harvest control of the pest.

Influence of Irrational Beliefs and Sensitivity to a Person on Future Psychology Students’ Propensity to Coercion or Nonviolence

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
V.G. Maralov ◽  
◽  
V.A. Sitarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dependent Type

The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of identifying factors that determine the propensity of students to coercion or nonviolence, creating psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the socionomic sphere of nonviolent competencies for future specialists at universities. The theoretical basis of the study was the position of nonviolence as a daily practice of interaction, by which we understand the ability of a person to choose from a number of possible alternatives that carry the least charge of coercion. The aim of the work was to study the influence of irrational beliefs and sensitivity to a person (interest, empathy, understanding and assistance) on the students’ tendency to coercion, manipulation, non-violence and non-interference in the processes of interaction with people. The hypothesis was tested that the tendency of students to coercion, manipulation, and noninterference will be due to expressed irrational beliefs and low level of sensitivity to a person and the tendency to non-violence will be explained by the absence of irrational beliefs and a high level of sensitivity to a person. The study involved 125 students of pedagogical and psychological faculties of the Moscow Humanitarian and Cherepovets State universities. The authors used questionnaires to identify the positions of interaction among students and sensitivity to a person, as well as a list of irrational beliefs proposed by A. Beck and A. Freeman. It is established that the tendency to both coercion and manipulation are determined by the beliefs of anti-social type and low sensitivity to the person. The tendency to manipulate the narcissistic beliefs, high interest in people and understanding them, at the same time the tendency to non-violence and non-interference are determined by beliefs of avoidant and dependent types with a low level of understanding people. And a tendency to non-interference is determined by beliefs of dependent type with unexpressed orientation on helping. The tendency to nonviolence is determined by the high sensitivity to a person and the absence of irrational beliefs of antisocial, passive-aggressive and narcissistic types. As a result, the conclusion is made about the need to form purposefully the ability to nonviolent interaction among students, which should include the work on awareness and overcoming irrational beliefs and the development of sensitivity to a person. The obtained results can be used in practical work with students on the formation of their nonviolent competencies.

scholarly journals Compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense with fungicide and insecticide and its effects on the physiological quality of wheat seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janete Denardi Munareto ◽  
Thomas Newton Martin ◽  
Tania Maria Müller ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Guilherme Bergeijer da Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Germination Vigor

Seed treatment is a practice that helps the initial establishment of the crop without the effects caused by pests and diseases. The association of diazotrophic bacteria with grasses has been used in the supply of nitrogen to plants; however, these microorganisms produce growth-promoting substances, which promote benefits in the growth and development of the crops. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of Azospirillum brasilense associated with the fungicide difenoconazole and the insecticide thiamethoxam by observing the effects on the quality of seed emergence of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Three wheat cultivars, arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial system with four replicates, were tested. The treatments were the control; difenoconazole (Spectro® at a dose of 150 mL per 100 kg of seed); thiamethoxam (Cruiser® FS 350 at a dose of 200 mL per 100 kg seed) and difenoconazole + thiamethoxam, applied on wheat cultivars TBIO Mestre, TBIO Itaipu and TBIO Sinuelo. Bacteria from the Azospirillum genus were used in the inoculation. The wheat seed retains its quality when it checks the germination, vigor and independent accelerated aging, whether or not fungicide, insecticide and A. brasilense were used. The insecticide thiamethoxam increased the length of shoots and roots and provided compatibility with A. brasilense, and fungicide inhibited the length of shoots and roots and was antagonistic to the bacterium A. brasilense.

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