Influence of Foliar Kaolin Application and Irrigation on Photosynthetic Activity of Grape Berries

Climate changes may cause severe impacts both on grapevine and berry development. Foliar application of kaolin has been suggested as a mitigation strategy to cope with stress caused by excessive heat/radiation absorbed by leaves and grape berry clusters. However, its effect on the light micro-environment inside the canopy and clusters, as well as on the acclimation status and physiological responses of the grape berries, is unclear. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of foliar kaolin application on the photosynthetic activity of the exocarp and seeds, which are the main photosynthetically active berry tissues. For this purpose, berries from high light (HL) and low light (LL) microclimates in the canopy, from kaolin-treated and non-treated, irrigated and non-irrigated plants, were collected at three developmental stages. Photochemical and non-photochemical efficiencies of both tissues were obtained by a pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis. The maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) data for green HL-grown berries suggest that kaolin application can protect the berry exocarp from light stress. At the mature stage, exocarps of LL grapes from irrigated plants treated with kaolin presented higher Fv/Fm and relative electron transport rates (rETR200) than those without kaolin. However, for the seeds, a negative interaction between kaolin and irrigation were observed especially in HL grapes. These results highlight the impact of foliar kaolin application on the photosynthetic performance of grape berries growing under different light microclimates and irrigation regimes, throughout the season. This provides insights for a more case-oriented application of this mitigation strategy on grapevines.

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The impact of various grape stock cultivars on the As, Cu, Co and Zn content of the grape berry (must, seed)

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/52/2097 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

István Fekete ◽

Nándor Rakonczás ◽

Dávid Andrási ◽

Éva Bódi ◽

Szilárd Szilágyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxic Elements ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Potentially Toxic Elements ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Zn Content ◽

Abnormal Increase ◽

Set Up ◽

Arsenic Copper ◽

The Impact ◽

Cu And Zn

Scientific research from the last decades showed that the inappropriate industrial and agricultural production caused an abnormal increase of the potentially toxic elements in the soil. Unfortunately the acidification of the soil is an increasing problem in Hungary. According to Várallyay et al. (2008) 13% of the Hungarian soils are highly acid. Accumulation of toxic elements differs in the genetically diverse plant species. The root of the plant constitutes a filter so that the rootstock is also kind of a filter system, which may prevent that the scion part (such as berry) accumulate high levels of various potentially toxic elements from the soil. The aim of research was to determine how different grape rootstocks influence the As, Co, Cu and Zn content of the musts and seeds. Thus, specifying which of the grape rootstocks takes up the lowest level of these 4 elements (As, Co, Cu and Zn), and accumulates in berries, so could reduce the potentially toxic element load of the grape berries. The grape rootstock collection of the University of Debrecen was set up in 2003 in 3x1 m spacing on immune sandy soil. Grafting of ‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ was started in 2010. We could evaluate yields harvested from 12 rootstock varieties of the experiment in October 2011. We obtained valuable differences in the arsenic, copper, cobalt and zinc concentrations of musts and seeds of ‘Cserszegi fűszeres’ grafted into different rootstocks. The results obtained from the 2011 harvest support the statement that the choice of rootstock might be an important factor to increase food safety. The differences in concentration of the four elements observed in case of the rootstock may have been caused on one hand by the rootstock effect, and on the other hand, the vintage effect has a very significant impact on the vines element uptake. Several years of experimental results will be needed to answer these questions.

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The impact of Elsinoë ampelina-infection on key metabolic properties in Vitis vinifera cv. Red Globe berries via multi-omics approaches

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-09-21-0225-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhi Li ◽

Lin lin Gao ◽

Ping ping Chang ◽

Zi qiu Chen ◽

Xiuming Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Acid Metabolism ◽

Plant Defence ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Metabolic Reprogramming ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Elsinoe Ampelina ◽

Metabolic Mechanism ◽

Metabolic Properties ◽

The Impact

Grape anthracnose caused by Elsinoë ampelina (Shear) is one of the most serious fungal diseases that lead to the quality reduction and yield losses of grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Red Globe) berries. In the present study, metabolome and transcriptome analyses were conducted using grape berries in the field after infection with E. ampelina at 7, 10, and 13 days to identify the metabolic properties of berries. A total of 132 metabolites with significant differences and 6877 differentially expressed genes were detected and shared by three comparisons. The analyses demonstrated that phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, stilbenoid and nucleotide metabolisms were enriched in E. ampelina-infected grape berries but not amino acid metabolism. Phenolamide, terpene and polyphenole contents also accumulated during E. ampelina infection. The results provided evidence of the enhancement of secondary metabolites involved in plant defence, such as resveratrol, α-viniferin, ε-viniferin, and lignins. The results showed the plant defence-associated metabolic reprogramming caused by E. ampelina infection in grape berry and provided a global metabolic mechanism under E. ampelina stimulation.

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The yield of perennial grass stands on drained organic soils of Steppe

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.90.92-97 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (90) ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

I.T. Slusar ◽

V.A. Serbenyuk ◽

A.N. Gera ◽

A.P. Solyanik ◽

A.A. Tarasenko

Keyword(s):

Zinc Sulphate ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Area ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Cobalt Sulfate ◽

The Impact

Research on the impact of the introduction of micro fertilizers and growth promoters on a background of mineral fertilizer and without N90R45К120 spent on old peat in shallow carbonate floodplain r.Supiy, Yahotyn Kyiv region. Power peat horizon about 60-70 cm, 7,4-7,6 pH of the aqueous extract, stupas schedule 56-60%, density 0,49-0,52 assembly soil, total nitrogen content (%) - 1.9; gross forms of phosphorus - 0,4, potassium 0.2, 20% lime. In experiments studying biological rehoplant, radustym, Biolan, emistim, Jets, humisol, plantafol, radyfarm and micronutrients: copper, boric acid, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate, potassium humates. Treatment drugs conducted in the spring by spraying mixtures. Space research area of 60 m2, three-time repetition. It is established that the use of growth stimulants and micronutrients in the background N90R45К120 provided the highest yield mixtures of years, against making BIOLan - 9.9 t / ha Radyfarmu - 9.6 t / ha Radostymu 9.3 t / ha dry weight. In areas for making other preparations were intermediate yield growth rates - 0.5 - 2.0 t / ha dry weight. Also good gains herbage yields obtained by making all kinds of micronutrients and growth stimulants in the background without making makrodobryv which was within 5.3 - 6.9 t / ha to control without fertilization - 4.5 t / ha dry weight. In deep peat copper fertilizer (25 kg / ha of copper sulphate or 5 kg / ha pirytnoho cinders) in all zones should be making every 3-4 years, and zinc, cobalt and molybdenum advisable to make time for the growing season, spring, by foliar application in such numbers: ammonium molibdenovokyslyy - 0.3 kg / ha; cobalt sulfate - 3 kg / ha zinc sulphate 0.5 kg / ha or placers these salts should be mixed with major fertilizer.

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Characterization and Action Mechanism Analysis of VvmiR156b/c/d-VvSPL9 Module Responding to Multiple-Hormone Signals in the Modulation of Grape Berry Color Formation

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10040896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 896

Author(s):

Ziwen Su ◽

Xicheng Wang ◽

Xuxian Xuan ◽

Zilu Sheng ◽

Haoran Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽

Structural Genes ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Color Formation ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Ripening Stages ◽

Color Conversion ◽

Hormone Signals

In recent years, more and more reports have shown that the miR156-SPL module can participate in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in plants. However, little is known about how this module responds to hormonal signals manipulating this process in grapes. In this study, exogenous GA, ABA, MeJA, and NAA were used to treat the ‘Wink’ grape berries before color conversion, anthocyanin and other related quality physiological indexes (such as sugar, aroma) were determined, and spatio-temporal expression patterns of related genes were analyzed. The results showed that the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d showed a gradually rising trend with the ripening and color formation of grape berries, and the highest expression levels were detected at day 28 after treatment, while the expression level of VvSPL9 exhibited an opposite trend as a whole, which further verifies that VvmiR156b/c/d can negatively regulate VvSPL9. Besides, VvmiR156b/c/d was positively correlated with anthocyanin content and related genes levels, while the expression pattern of VvSPL9 showed a negative correlation. Analysis of promoter cis-elements and GUS staining showed that VvmiR156b/c/d contained a large number of hormone response cis-elements (ABA, GA, SA, MeJA, and NAA) and were involved in hormone regulation. Exogenous ABA and MeJA treatments significantly upregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early stage of color conversion and made grape berries quickly colored. Interestingly, GA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes in the early color-change period, but significantly upregulated in the middle color-change and ripening stages, therefore GA mainly modulated grape berry coloring in the middle- and late-ripening stages. Furthermore, NAA treatment downregulated the expression levels of VvmiR156b/c/d and anthocyanin structural genes and delayed the peak expression of genes. Meanwhile, to further recognize the potential functions of VvmiR156b/c/d, the mature tomato transient trangenetic system was utilized in this work. Results showed that transient overexpression of VvmiR156b/c/d in tomato promoted fruit coloring and overexpression of VvSPL9 inhibited fruit coloration. Finally, a regulatory network of the VvmiR156b/c/d-VvSPL9 module responsive to hormones modulating anthocyanin synthesis was developed. In conclusion, VvmiR156b/c/d-mediated VvSPL9 participated in the formation of grape color in response to multi-hormone signals.

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Physiological Responses of Salinized Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) Plants to Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 657

Author(s):

Reda E. Abdelhameed ◽

Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef ◽

Rania S. Shehata

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Shikimic Acid ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Content Index ◽

Malondialdehyde Content ◽

Total Free Amino Acids ◽

The Impact

Considering the detrimental effects of salt stress on the physiological mechanisms of plants in terms of growth, development and productivity, intensive efforts are underway to improve plant tolerance to salinity. Hence, an experiment was conducted to assess the impact of the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) on the physiological traits of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.) plants grown under three salt concentrations (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl). An increase in salt concentration generated a decrease in the chlorophyll content index (CCI); however, the foliar application of SA boosted the CCI. The malondialdehyde content increased in salt-stressed fenugreek plants, while a reduction in content was observed with SA. Likewise, SA application induced an accumulation of proline, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, further increases in total free amino acids and shikimic acid were observed with the foliar application of SA, in either control or salt-treated plants. Similar results were obtained for ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase with SA application. Hence, we concluded that the foliar application of SA ameliorates salinity, and it is a growth regulator that improves the tolerance of fenugreek plants under salt stress.

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Insights in genetic diversity of German and Italian grape berry moth (Eupoecilia ambiguella) populations using novel microsatellite markers

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83855-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Annette Reineke ◽

Alberto Pozzebon ◽

Olivia Herczynski ◽

Carlo Duso

Keyword(s):

Population Genetics ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Isolation By Distance ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Grape Berry ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Eupoecilia Ambiguella ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Significant Divergence ◽

Lepidopteran Pest

AbstractThe grape berry moth Eupoecilia ambiguella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is causing significant damage to grape berries, however, little is known on population genetics of this lepidopteran pest insect, hindered so far by the lack of suitable molecular markers. Here we report on the development of ten microsatellite markers of which six were used to characterise 21 E. ambiguella populations obtained from two viticultural regions in Germany and Italy. Moths were sampled during two subsequent generations (flights) in the same vineyard as well as in vineyards surrounded by different landscape types. German and Italian populations were genetically differentiated and a significant isolation by distance was evident. No significant divergence was observed among the populations from first or second flight moths, however, inbreeding was higher in first than in second flight populations. Moreover, inbreeding was influenced by habitat composition and complexity of landscape around vineyards, being positively associated with the percentage of area covered by grapevine. Population genetics of E. ambiguella could thus be affected by the presence of alternative host plants in viticultural landscapes, which is important in the light of both insecticide resistance management and sustainable pest management.

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Improvement of the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) through foliar application of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20181001009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Sławomir Kocira ◽

Agnieszka Sujak ◽

Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽

Agnieszka Szparaga ◽

Mariusz Szymanek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Reported Study

Application of biostimulants instigates many physiological processes that enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality traits of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. One of such preparations is Atonik which contains nitrophenol compounds naturally occurring in plant cells. Several studies have confirmed its beneficial effect on the growth, development, and improved metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, it seems advisable to investigate the effect of Atonik preparation on the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The reported study was carried out in 2014 in Perespa, Poland. Over the growing season, Atonik was foliar-applied at a dose of 0.3 L/ha (0.1%) and 0.6 L/ha (0.2%) by single and double spraying of plants. Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status (N) were estimated by a Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502 Plus. The foliar application of Atonik was found to improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica plants, but the results were dependent on biostimulant concentration and number of its applications, and on the date of measurement. To conclude, Atonik is an environmental-friendly preparation which has a positive impact on the metabolic processes of plants.

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Effect of water stress and NaCl triggered changes on yield, physiology, biochemistry of broad bean (Vicia faba) plants and on quality of harvested pods

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0397-1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Georgia Ouzounidou ◽

Ilias Ilias ◽

Anastasia Giannakoula ◽

Ioanna Theoharidou

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Water Control ◽

Simultaneous Exposure ◽

Ameliorative Effect ◽

Normal Water ◽

The Impact

AbstractSalinity and drought are the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. Broad bean was chosen as model plant for assessing the impact of salt stress and its interaction with drought in the field experiments. The factors examined in the experiments were the two irrigation rates (normal watering — NW with 3 L plant−1 and drought — D) and three salinity rates imposed by foliar application (0, 50, 100 mg L−1 NaCl). Highest NaCl level with normal water irrigation caused maximum reduction in plant height and production, which it was due to photosynthetic disturbances. Salt injuries were alleviated by increasing water stress. The control plants exposed to NaCl lost their ability over water control. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 indicate the prevalence of oxidative stress due to salinity. The levels of proline and carbohydrates were higher under salinity alone than under simultaneous exposure to drought and NaCl. The protein concentration of immature and mature broad bean pods was more inhibited more by NaCl supply than by drought alone. The combination of drought and NaCl resulted in a significant increase in proteins, glucose, fructose and sucrose content. Overall, the ameliorative effect of drought under NaCl supply was quantified.

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Modelling the impact of COVID-19-related control programme interruptions on progress towards the WHO 2030 target for soil-transmitted helminths

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa156 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Veronica Malizia ◽

Federica Giardina ◽

Carolin Vegvari ◽

Sumali Bajaj ◽

Kevin McRae-McKee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Control Programme ◽

Mitigation Strategy ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Preventive Chemotherapy ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

Individual Based Models ◽

Control Programmes ◽

Catch Up ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background On 1 April 2020, the WHO recommended an interruption of all activities for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminths (STH), in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper investigates the impact of this disruption on the progress towards the WHO 2030 target for STH. Methods We used two stochastic individual-based models to simulate the impact of missing one or more preventive chemotherapy (PC) rounds in different endemicity settings. We also investigated the extent to which this impact can be lessened by mitigation strategies, such as semiannual or community-wide PC. Results Both models show that without a mitigation strategy, control programmes will catch up by 2030, assuming that coverage is maintained. The catch-up time can be up to 4.5 y after the start of the interruption. Mitigation strategies may reduce this time by up to 2 y and increase the probability of achieving the 2030 target. Conclusions Although a PC interruption will only temporarily impact the progress towards the WHO 2030 target, programmes are encouraged to restart as soon as possible to minimise the impact on morbidity. The implementation of suitable mitigation strategies can turn the interruption into an opportunity to accelerate progress towards reaching the target.

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Effect of Elevated CO2 on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2434

Author(s):

Hamada AbdElgawad ◽

Mohammad K. Okla ◽

Saud S. Al-amri ◽

Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi ◽

Wahida H. AL-Qahtani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Co2 ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

The Impact ◽

Phytochemical Contents

Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO2 (eCO2) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO2 and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO2 conditions (ambient CO2 (a CO2, 400 ± 27 μmol CO2 mol−1 air) and eCO2, 620 ± 42 μmol CO2 mol−1 air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO2-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO2 enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO2, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO2 enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO2-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO2 treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO2 provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.

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