scholarly journals Comparative Yolk Proteomic Analysis of Fertilized Low and High Cholesterol Eggs during Embryonic Development

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Haji Gul ◽  
Xingyong Chen ◽  
Zhaoyu Geng
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Yolk Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Low Cholesterol

The yolk is the principal part of the egg that contains vitamins, minerals, lipids, and proteins which are essential for embryo development and hatching. The egg yolk contains significant amounts of lipoproteins, triacylglycerides, and cholesterol, whose dynamics are indistinct during embryogenesis. The effects of cholesterol on the yolk protein abundance, intensity, and function are ill-defined during embryonic development. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, eggs with respective high and low cholesterol protein abundance were investigated after 0, 2, 6, and 13 days of embryogenesis and further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The results revealed that the vitellogenin proteins are the most abundant egg yolk protein that showed proximity and a high degree of variation in isoelectric point and molecular weight. The results demonstrated increased expression of vitellogenin-1 and vitellogenin-3 at two days and vitellogenin-2 protein at 13 days of embryogenesis in both egg types. The ovoinhibitor, immunoglobulin lambda light chain precursor, Ig-gamma (clone-36 chicken), and beta-2-glycoprotein-1 precursor proteins were significantly expressed in high cholesterol eggs while haptoglobin protein PIT-54 and vitelline membrane outer layer proteins intensities were significant in low cholesterol eggs at two days of embryogenesis. The high cholesterol eggs showed a modest increase in egg weight, yolk weight, albumen height, yolk color, and egg strength relative to the low cholesterol eggs. The gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins such as vitellogenin proteins were involved in lipid transport and lipid localization biological processes and showed nutrient reservoir activity function. The ovotransferrin regulated the biological processes of plasminogen activation and extracellular matrix disassembly and characterized the anchored component of the plasma membrane. The ovoinhibitor protein was involved in response to mineralocorticoid and corticosterone biological processes whereas the vitellin membrane outer layer protein constituted the extracellular exosome, extracellular organelle, and membrane-bounded vesicle cellular components. Collectively, our study revealed yolk protein abundance, molecular function, cellular components, and biological processes and concluded that yolk protein intensities were significantly altered by cholesterol concentration.

Abstract 186: Reduction Of High density lipoprotein Cholesterol After Successfull Dietary Intervention Is Not Accompanied By A Change In Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Poledne
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Low Cholesterol

Substitution of dietary saturated fat by unsaturated fat and the reduction of dietary cholesterol intake leads to a decrease of LDL cholesterol concentration accompanied usually by a decrease of HDL cholesterol. Method: 18 young male volunteers were fed for 4 weeks either a high cholesterol saturated fat diet or low cholesterol and unsaturated fat diet in crossover design. At the end of both experimental periods, the lipoprotein concentration was determined. In addition, the reverse cholesterol transport from 14 C cholesterol labeled macrophages in tissue cultures was analyzed. Reverse cholesterol transport was calculated as the percentage of radioactivity released from pre-labeled cells to incubation media with serum of each individuals. Results: Highly significant decrease of LDL cholesterol after the unsaturated fat diet was accompanied by a significant decrease of the HDL cholesterol from 1.25 mmol/l to 1.05 mmol/l. Reverse cholesterol transport did not significantly change when the data of high cholesterol saturated fat diet (9.97 ± 1.45) and low cholesterol unsaturated fat diet (9.53 ± 1.41) were compared. There was no correlation between data of the decrease of HDL cholesterol concentration and change in reverse cholesterol transport. Conclusion: We conclude that dietary treatment by hypocholesterolemic diet accompanied by a reduction of HDL cholesterol does not lead to the decrease in reverse cholesterol transport.

Study of NSCLC cell migration promoted by NSCLC-Derived Extracellular Vesicle using atomic force microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwei Wang ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
Tuoyu Ju ◽  
Kaige Qu ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cellular Components

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) secreted by cancer cells have a key role in the cancer microenvironment and progression. Previous studies have mainly focused on molecular functions, cellular components and biological processes...

scholarly journals Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Bayonle Aminu ◽  
Olivia Roscow ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Cellular Components

Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals The Yin and Yang of tumour-derived extracellular vesicles in tumour immunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Yamauchi ◽  
Toshiro Moroishi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Tumour Immunity ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Yin And Yang ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles that are naturally released from various types of cells. EVs contain a wide variety of cellular components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and metabolites, which facilitate intercellular communication in diverse biological processes. In the tumour microenvironment, EVs have been shown to play important roles in tumour progression, including immune system–tumour interactions. Although previous studies have convincingly demonstrated the immunosuppressive functions of tumour-derived EVs, some studies have suggested that tumour-derived EVs can also stimulate host immunity, especially in therapeutic conditions. Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of EVs with different structural and biological characteristics that may account for the divergent functions of EVs in tumour immunity. In this review article, we provide a brief summary of our current understanding of tumour-derived EVs in immune activation and inhibition. We also highlight the emerging utility of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and discuss the potential clinical applications of tumour-derived EVs.

scholarly journals Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina) Supplementation on Laying Hens’ Performance: Eggs Physical, Chemical, and Sensorial Qualities

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omri ◽  
Amraoui ◽  
Tarek ◽  
Lucarini ◽  
Durazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
The Impact

The present study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of spirulina on laying hens’ performances: Eggs’ physical, chemical, and sensorial qualities. A total of 45 Lohman White hens, 44 weeks of age, were randomized into 3 groups of 15 birds. Hens were given 120 g/d of a basal diet containing 0% (control), 1.5%, and 2.5% of spirulina for 6 weeks. Albumen height and consequently Haugh unit were significantly affected by dietary supplementation of spirulina (p < 0.05) and by weeks on diet (p < 0.05). This supplement did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolk weight or height. However, spirulina increased egg yolk redness (a*) from 1.33 (C) to 12.67 (D1) and 16.19 (D2) and reduced (p < 0.05) the yellowness (b*) parameter from 62.1(C) to 58.17 (D1) and 55.87 (D2). Egg yolks from hens fed spirulina were darker, more red, and less yellow in color than egg yolks from hens fed the control-diet (p < 0.0001). However, spirulina did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolks’ total cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, a significant enhancement of egg yolk color was found in response to spirulina supplementation. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the impact of spirulina on egg yolks’ fatty acids profile.

scholarly journals Metabolomic analysis of the egg yolk during the embryonic development of broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huichao Liu ◽  
Peng Ding ◽  
Yueyue Tong ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Yulong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis

Gene of the month: BECN1

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Sahni ◽  
Angelica M Merlot ◽  
Sukriti Krishan ◽  
Patric J Jansson ◽  
Des R Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Binding Partners ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Important Therapeutic Target

The BECN1 gene encodes the Beclin-1 protein, which is a well-established regulator of the autophagic pathway. It is a mammalian orthologue of the ATG6 gene in yeast and was one of the first identified mammalian autophagy-associated genes. Beclin-1 interacts with a number of binding partners in the cell which can lead to either activation (eg, via PI3KC3/Vps34, Ambra 1, UV radiation resistance-associated gene) or inhibition (eg, via Bcl-2, Rubicon) of the autophagic pathway. Apart from its role as a regulator of autophagy, it is also shown to effect important biological processes in the cell such as apoptosis and embryogenesis. Beclin-1 has also been implicated to play a critical role in the pathology of a variety of disease states including cancer, neurological disorders (eg, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease) and viral infections. Thus, understanding the functions of Beclin-1 and its interactions with other cellular components will aid in its development as an important therapeutic target for future drug development.

VIEWPOINT. An hypothesis to explain the linkage between kakapo (Strigops habroptilus) breeding and the mast fruiting of their food trees

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Fidler ◽  
Stephen B. Lawrence ◽  
Kenneth P. McNatty
Keyword(s):  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Yolk Protein ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Mast Seeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Yolk Protein Genes ◽  
Hypothetical Mechanism ◽  
Future Research Directions

An important goal in the intensive conservation management of New Zealand’s critically endangered nocturnal parrot, kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), is to increase the frequency of breeding attempts. Kakapo breeding does not occur annually but rather correlates with 3–5-year cycles in ‘mast’ seeding/fruiting of kakapo food plants, most notably podocarps such as rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum). Here we advance a hypothetical mechanism for the linking of kakapo breeding with such ‘mast’ seeding/fruiting. The essence of the hypothesis is that exposure to low levels of dietary phytochemicals may, in combination with hepatic gene ‘memory’, sensitise egg yolk protein genes, expressed in female kakapo livers, to oestrogens derived from developing ovarian follicles. Only in those years when the egg yolk protein genes have been sufficiently ‘pre-sensitised’ by dietary chemicals do kakapo ovarian follicles develop to ovulation and egg-laying occurs. While speculative, this hypothesis is both physiologically and evolutionarily plausible and suggests both future research directions and relatively simple interventions that may afford conservation workers some influence over kakapo breeding frequency.

scholarly journals Effect of selected feed additives on egg performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed a diet with standard or decreased calcium content

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
Anna Arczewska-Włosek ◽  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Witold Szczurek ◽  
Michał Puchała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Herb Extracts

Abstract The aim of the experiment with 240 ISA Brown hens fed the diets with standard or decreased Ca level was to evaluate the effect of selected feed additives on laying performance and eggshell quality. The hens were allocated to 10 treatments, each containing 12 cages (replicates) of 2 birds. A 2 × 5 experimental arrangement was used. From 26 to 70 wks of age, experimental diets containing 3.20 or 3.70% Ca were used. The diets were either not supplemented, or supplemented with sodium butyrate, probiotic bacteria, herb extracts blend or chitosan. The decreased dietary Ca reduced eggshell quality indices in older hens (43-69 wks) (P<0.05) without effect on performance indices. The addition of the probiotic, herb extracts, or chitosan increased the laying rate (P<0.05). In older hens, i.e. at 69 wk, chitosan increased eggshell thickness and breaking strength, while herb extracts increased eggshell thickness (P<0.05). There was no interaction between the experimental factors in performance and eggshell quality. The used feed additives had no influence on fatty acid profile of egg lipids, however diet supplementation with chitosan decreased cholesterol concentration in egg yolk lipids (P<0.05). It can be concluded that such feed additives as probiotic, herb extracts, or chitosan may positively affect performance and eggshell quality, irrespective of Ca dietary level.

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