scholarly journals Thermal Evaluation of a Hybrid Dryer with Solar and Geothermal Energy for Agroindustry Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emérita Delgado-Plaza ◽  
Juan Peralta-Jaramillo ◽  
Miguel Quilambaqui ◽  
Olga Gonzalez ◽  
José Reinoso-Tigre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Stabilization Time ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Drying Chamber

The process of drying at the agroindustry level is considered the most important stage for the storage and conservation of food, but an inadequate sizing of the systems can generate an excessive consumption of fuel and energy. In the case of the agricultural sector, especially in small and medium producers in Ecuador, they tend to dry cereals outdoors, spreading the product over black plastics, asphalt floors, or cements called “tendal”. This process depends on the weather conditions of the area and can take between one or four days of drying, tending to damage the product by fungi. On the other hand, certain producers build dryers empirically, using as the main fuel gas for domestic use, diesel, or firewood. Among the problems presented for these types of dryers are heat losses in the drying chamber as it is not thermally insolated, a lack of temperature control (above 60 °C) and drying speed, excessive fuel use, and 10% burned product, which are essential to control to obtain a quality product and savings in the energy consumption of the dryer. With regard to the problem raised above, the design and construction of a hybrid dryer that worked with 80% of thermal solar and low enthalpy aerogeothermal energy and 20% with electric power was conducted to optimize the drying process and ensure a quality dry product. The work proposes the dimensioning of each component of the dryer. As a result, it was found that the efficiency of the equipment was around 60%, reaching a maximum operating temperature of 52 °C, with a stabilization time of the system in the first hour within 40 min. It should be noted that the design of the prototype is easy to adapt and replicate.

scholarly journals Direct Utilization of Geothermal Energy in Menengai, Kenya: Pilot Project for Drying Food Commodities in Lesiolo, Nakuru

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Allen Haryanto Lukmana Lukmana
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Food Commodities

Kenya is a developing country highly dependent on economic rotation in agricultural sector with main commodities corn, tea and fruits. In order to maintain quality of commodity within a certain period, a drying process is needed. Purpose of drying is to reduce moisture content of a commodity to a certain level. Alternative energy that can be used for drying activities in Kenya is geothermal energy. In assessing direct utilization of geothermal energy, a pilot project was made in Lesiolo, Nakuru by utilizing heat energy from the Menengai geothermal waste fluid area, Nakuru. Drying process can utilize brine from separator or condensate from power plant by using a heat exchanger to get required drying temperature. One drying room can hold about 20 tons in ambient air conditions. This dryer is shaped like a tunnel where hot air will flow from each side of drying chamber. Food commodities used in this project are wheat, corn and barley. Heat energy needed to dry each of these food commodities comes from geothermal waste fluid that enters heat exchanger with a minimum input temperature of 130oC and an output of 93oC. Mass flow rate needed to dry every 30 m3 of commodity is 2 kg/s

scholarly journals Working Productivity Analysis on the Process of Drying Fish Using Solar Dryers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
I Gede Santosa ◽  
◽  
I Gede Bawa Susana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Worker Productivity ◽  
Continuous Heat ◽  
Drying Chamber

The process of drying fish using solar energy is strongly influenced by weather conditions. Sunlight is needed by household scale workers because it is cheap. On the other hand, sun drying creates additional workload for workers. Workers are exposed to hot sun during drying. Continuous heat exposure results in an increased work pulse. This affects the level of worker productivity. To anticipate this, a solar dryer is used by utilizing a solar collector as an absorber of sunlight and a drying chamber for the drying process of fish. The use of solar dryers has been shown to increase drying temperatures and reduce workers' sun exposure. This decreases the workload of workers, so that it has an impact on increasing productivity. Worker productivity increased by 133.94%.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Alat Pengering Pelepah Pisang(Menggunakan Metode Controller Chien Regulator I dan Chien Servo I Sebagai Tuning Kontrol PI)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Irianto Irianto ◽  
Suhariningsih Suhariningsih ◽  
Viviana Ratna Dewanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Tuning Methods ◽  
Analog Voltage ◽  
Banana Stem

Bananas provide many health benefits because they have enough vitamin A for daily body vitamins. Benefits of bananas are not only found in the fruit alone. Banana stem is rarely used because it is considered not to have more benefits and is only considered as waste. However, banana stem can be transformed into various forms of beautiful crafts and high economic value. Banana banana is dried first before being processed into various handicrafts. The process of drying banana is very dependent on the weather conditions and the heat of the sun. Conventional banana drying process takes approximately 70 hours with a solar temperature of about 40oC. The solution to this problem is, design and manufacture a microcontroller based banana bum dryer using PI control to regulate the temperature and utilize the heater as an alternative heat source. This PI control uses Chien Regulator I and Chien Servo I tuning methods. In this Final Project, temperature and banana moisture content is measured. The control will adjust the exhaust fan when the temperature read by LM35 is displayed on LCD 4x20 for temperature monitoring. To adjust the AC-AC voltage controller voltage on the heater, depending on the angle of ignition of the TCA785 IC. DAC of Microcontroller ATMega16 will convert the digital data released microcontroller into analog voltage. The Kp and Ki values used are Kp = 5 and Ki 0.625 using Chien Regulator I method and Kp = 4,126 and Ki 0.414 using Chien Servo I method The drying process takes 16 hours with water content of 4.76% at ± 65oC using Chien Servo I method because the temperature response is more stable.

scholarly journals Diversification strategy in agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
R. A. Konuspayev ◽  
◽  
T. Zh. Demesinov ◽  
T. A. Taipov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Crop And Livestock Production

The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the importance of diversification of production aimed to increase the competitiveness of agro-industrial complex at the present stage of economic development. The goal is to analyze the features of transformation of organizational and production structure of agricultural enterprise, which consists in supplementing it with new types of products, technologies, suppliers, etc. Objectives to show the importance of diversification processes to ensure sustainability of agricultural producers to negative changes in the external and internal environment. Results – it is noted that the priority areas of diversification in agro-industrial production include the organization of new branches of crop and livestock production, the inclusion of productive species, varieties or hybrids of crops in crop rotations, the development of processing sectors, the system of material and technical supply and marketing of products, etc. commodity diversity, reorientation of sales markets in agro-industrial complex is especially important in view of high risks of doing business associated with the high dependence of its results on weather conditions of the year, soil and natural-climatic factors, etc. The conducted analysis shows that the important conditions for deepening structural restructuring include developed agricultural policy of the State, a system of effective measures for regulating and supporting the industry, attracting investment in the development of agricultural sector and financial markets. The performed studies allowed us to draw the following main conclusions – diversification of production is a promising direction for the development of economic activity of enterprises, ensuring the growth of their proceeds from product sales, profits and profitability.

scholarly journals RANCANGAN RUANG PENGERING BERBASIS ERGONOMI MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PERAJIN IKAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Bawa Susana
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Participatory Method

With  traditional fish drying process,  most possible can cause an unhealthy  working posture , such as a squatting action.   As a consequence , worker will suffer a  musculoskeletal disorders because of not  ergonomic tools and bad working posture. Without ergonomics  working  procedures was found that  the average of   musculoskeletal complaints after working is 52.25 ± 1.03. To solve this ccomplaints, a drying chamber based ergonomics design was built in order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Dimensions of the drying chamber were based on anthropometric data of fish craftsmen and the material of drying chamber was by the participatory method. Test was performed on 20 samples and the result showed that the mean rate of  musculoskeletal complaints after working is 38.30 ± 1.30. The ergonomic based design for drying camber application can reduce  the musculoskeletal complaints up to 26.7%.

scholarly journals Effect of Solar Radiation on the Drying Parameters of Mint (Mentha Spicata L.) Dried in Natural Convective Solar Dryer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEBIHA REHMAN ◽  
SEEMIN RUBAB
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The paper presents a kinetic study of solar dried mint (Mentha spicata L.) without any pre-treatment. Mint grows effortlessly in Kashmir valley but is not obtainable throughout the year because of inconsiderate weather conditions. The genus belongs to the Labiatae family and includes large varieties with different properties. A significant quality parameter is its colour. The drying kinetics of mint leaves dried in Domestic Solar Dryer in terms of colour attributes, moisture content, drying time, non enzymatic browning, water activity, rehydration ratio was studied. This study is very useful for household scale drying of mint leaves to optimize drying process and to achieve superior quality dried product at home maintaining its colour and aroma.

Risk Factor in Agricultural Sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Suchismita Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Heavy Rains

Occupational safety is a big issue of discussion for agricultural workers. The methods of working in the field in extreme climate totally depends on the environmental factor. Due to change in weather conditions, prices at the time of harvest could drop, hired labour may not be available at peak times, machinery and equipment could break down when most needed, animals might die, and government policy can change overnight. All of these changes are examples of the risks that farmers face in managing their farm as a business. All of these risks affect their farm profitability. Heavy rains and drought could also damage or even wipe out crops. Another source of production risk is equipment. The most common sources of risk factor are weather, climate, diseases, natural disasters, and market and environmental factor shocks. Agricultural workers need sufficient precaution and safety measures at the time of field and machine work to minimize risk factor. So, in this chapter, an effort is taken to prioritize safety majors by MAUT method.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling and Performance Analysis of a New Hybrid Solar Dryer of Lemon Slices for Controlling Drying Temperature

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wengang Hao ◽  
Shuonan Liu ◽  
Baoqi Mi ◽  
Yanhua Lai
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Drying Chamber

A new hybrid solar dryer was designed and constructed in this study, which consisted of a flat-plate solar collector with dual-function (DF-FPSC), drying chamber with glass, fan etc. The DF-FPSC was firstly applied in drying agricultural products. The innovative application of hybrid solar dryer can control the drying chamber air temperature within a suitable range by different operation strategies. Drying experiments for lemon slices in the hybrid solar dryer were conducted by comparing open sun drying (OSD). Eight mathematical models of drying characteristics were employed to select the most suitable model for describing the drying curves of lemon slices. Furthermore, energy, exergy economic and environment (4E) analysis were also adopted to analyze the drying process of lemon slices. The results show that under the same experimental condition, the drying capability of the hybrid solar dryer was stronger than that of OSD. Meanwhile, it was found that the Two term and Wang and Singh models were the most suitable for fitting the lemon slices’ drying characteristics inside the hybrid solar dryer. The drying chamber air temperature can be controlled under about 60 °C during the process of lemon slices’ drying. The experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the proposed hybrid solar dryer.

Preparation of PS@SiO2, PS@TiO2，PS@TiO2/SiO2 Core-Shell Composites by a Spray Drying Process and Their Hollow Spheres after Removing PS Cores by Calcinations

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 389-392
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Hong Liang Li ◽  
Ying Chun Zhu ◽  
Ai Ping Fu ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polystyrene (PS) spheres encapsulated core-shell composites of SiO2or TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by the spray drying technique and hollow spheres of SiO2or TiO2nanoparticles were then derived by removing the PS cores with calcinations. The PS spheres were dispersed into the SiO2or TiO2colloids, forming a suspension and then the suspensions were sprayed to form micrometer-sized droplets, as the droplets rush through the drying chamber, the PS spheres were encapsulated into the core of SiO2or TiO2particles due to the high temperatures and the instant evaporation, obtaining PS@SiO2, PS@TiO2or PS@SiO2/TiO2core-shell composites. After removing the PS core by calcination at 550°C, SiO2or TiO2hollow spheres were then derived. The influence of drying temperature, the concentration of the SiO2or TiO2particles and the ratio of PS sphere to the particles on the structures and specific surface area of the hollow spheres were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements.

Drought aspects – fostering resilience through insurance

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S2) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kron ◽  
Sabine Schlüter-Mayr ◽  
Markus Steuer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Way

Droughts are silent killers, with the potential to cause enormous losses to society as a whole and to the insurance industry. Many loss-bringers are unseen, and the result of secondary events. This makes it difficult to assess the losses involved. Insurance against drought is particularly important in the agricultural sector, but in practice only feasible with governmental involvement. Some crop insurance schemes have proven quite successful and have gained importance in recent years, both in developed and developing countries. As drought is not only a consequence of unusual weather conditions, but also subject to the way in which water resources are managed, overall awareness is a key factor in being prepared to cope with the resulting risk, and in avoiding catastrophic consequences.

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