scholarly journals Novel Intact Polar and Core Lipid Compositions in the Pyrococcus Model Species, P. furiosus and P. yayanosii, Reveal the Largest Lipid Diversity Amongst Thermococcales

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Maxime Tourte ◽  
Vanessa Kuentz ◽  
Philippe Schaeffer ◽  
Vincent Grossi ◽  
Anais Cario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Pyrococcus Furiosus ◽  
Phosphatidyl Inositol ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Hyperthermophilic Archaea ◽  
Membrane Composition ◽  
Acid Methanolysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pyrococcus Yayanosii

Elucidating the lipidome of Archaea is essential to understand their tolerance to extreme environmental conditions. Previous characterizations of the lipid composition of Pyrococcus species, a model genus of hyperthermophilic archaea belonging to the Thermococcales order, led to conflicting results, which hindered the comprehension of their membrane structure and the putative adaptive role of their lipids. In an effort to clarify the lipid composition data of the Pyrococcus genus, we thoroughly investigated the distribution of both the core lipids (CL) and intact polar lipids (IPL) of the model Pyrococcus furiosus and, for the first time, of Pyrococcus yayanosii, the sole obligate piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon known to date. We showed a low diversity of IPL in the lipid extract of P. furiosus, which nonetheless allowed the first report of phosphatidyl inositol-based glycerol mono- and trialkyl glycerol tetraethers. With up to 13 different CL structures identified, the acid methanolysis of Pyrococcus furiosus revealed an unprecedented CL diversity and showed strong discrepancies with the IPL compositions reported here and in previous studies. By contrast, P. yayanosii displayed fewer CL structures but a much wider variety of polar heads. Our results showed severe inconsistencies between IPL and CL relative abundances. Such differences highlight the diversity and complexity of the Pyrococcus plasma membrane composition and demonstrate that a large part of its lipids remains uncharacterized. Reassessing the lipid composition of model archaea should lead to a better understanding of the structural diversity of their lipidome and of their physiological and adaptive functions.

scholarly journals Lipid Microdomains in Cell Nucleus

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 5289-5295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Cascianelli ◽  
Maristella Villani ◽  
Marcello Tosti ◽  
Francesca Marini ◽  
Elisa Bartoccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Transcription Process ◽  
Lipid Protein Interactions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Specific Lipid

It is known that nuclear lipids play a role in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptotic process. Cellular nuclei contain high levels of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, which are partially linked with cholesterol and proteins to form lipid–protein complexes. These lipids are also associated with transcription factors and newly synthesized RNA but, up to date, their organization is still unknown. The aim of the present work was to study if these specific lipid–protein interactions could be nuclear membrane microdomains and to evaluate their possible role. The results obtained demonstrate for the first time the existence of nuclear microdomains characterized by a specific lipid composition similar to that of intranuclear lipid–protein complexes previously described. Nuclear microdomain lipid composition changes during cell proliferation when the content of newly synthesized RNA increases. Because previous data show a correlation between nuclear lipids and transcription process, the role of nuclear microdomains in cellular functions is discussed.

scholarly journals РОЛЬ ПРЯМЫХ И ПЕРЕНОСНЫХ ЗНАЧЕНИЙ В РАСШИРЕНИИ СИНОНИМИЧЕСКИХ РЯДОВ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ПЕРСИДСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Dinara AZIMJANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Iranian Studies ◽  
First Time

Данная статья представляет собой попытку изучения одной из сторон явления синонимии глагольной лексики персидского языка. Синонимы, будучи одной из категорий языка, являются показателем его богатства, создают широкие возможности для речевого творчества, помогают передать тончайшие смысловые оттенки. Интерес к глагольной синонимии персидского языка обусловлен структурным разнообразием глагола, его смысловой емкостью, богатством и разнообразием значений, лексических связей, наличием социально-стилистической дифференциации, грамматических различий, что, в свою очередь, не может не отразиться и на характере синонимических отношений. В данной статье впервые в узбекской иранистике рассматривается роль прямых и переносных значений в пополнении синонимических рядов глаголов персидского языка, выделяются типы формирующихся взаимоотношений между синонимичными глаголами, изучаются наиболее приоритетные из них. На основе анализа собранного фактического материала в статье выделены четыре типа отношений, возникающих при пополнении глагольных синонимических рядов за счет использования прямых и переносных значений глаголов. Автором статьи выделены четыре типа отношений в зависимости от того, какие значения глаголов являются соотносительными. К первому типу относятся глаголы, у которых синонимы соотносительны с основными, свободными значениями. Ко второй группе – глаголы, соотносительные в основных и второстепенных значениях. Третью группу глаголов составляют глаголы, у которых синонимичными являются переносные значения. В четвертую группу входят глаголы, синонимичные и в прямом и переносномзначении. Все полученные выводы подкрепляются примерами, взятыми из первоисточников. Ушбу мақола форс тилидаги феъл лексикаси синонимияси аспектларидан бирини ўрганишга уриниш маҳсулидир. Тилнинг бир категорияси ҳисобланган синонимлар унинг бойлигини кўрсатади, нутқий ижод учун кенг имкониятлар яратади ва энг нозик семантик маъно товланишларини етказишга ёрдам беради. Форс тилидаги феъл синонимиясига қизиқиш феълнинг тузилишига кўра хилма-хиллиги, унинг мазмуний имкониятлари, маъно, лексик алоқалар, ижтимоий-услубий дифференциянинг, грамматик фарқларнинг мавжудлиги жиҳатидан бойлиги ва ранг-баранглиги билан боғлиқ ва улар ўз навбатида синонимик муносабатларнинг табиатига таъсир этмасдан қолмайди. Ушбу мақолада биринчи бор ўзбек эроншунослигида форс тилидаги феъллар синонимик қаторларининг бойишида бевосита ва кўчма маъноларнинг роли кўриб чиқилган, синононим феъллар ўртасида пайдо бўладиган муносабатларнинг турлари аниқланган, улардан энг ўрганилган. Тўпланган фактик материалларнинг таҳлили асосида, мақолада феълларнинг бевосита ва кўчма маънолари орқали оғзаки синонимларнинг кетма-кетлиги натижасида юзага келадиган муносабатларнинг тўрт тури аниқланади. Мақола муаллифи томонидан феъл маънолари ўзаро боғлиқ бўлган тўртта муносабатларни ажратиб кўрсатилган. Биринчи турга синонимлари асосий, эркин маънони ифодалайдиган феъллар киради. Иккинчи гуруҳга асосий ва иккинчи даражали маъноларда ўзаро муносабатда бўлган феъллар тўғри келади. Феълларнинг учинчи гуруҳи мажозий маънони ифодаловчилардир. Тўртинчи гуруҳга бевосита ва кўчма маъно ифодаловчи феъллар киради. Олинган барча хулосалар асл манбалардан олинган мисоллар билан мустаҳкамланади. This article is an attempt to study one of the aspects of the synonymy of the Persian verb vocabulary. Synonyms, being one of the categories of language, are an indicator of its wealth, create many opportunities for speech creativity, and help to convey the subtlest semantic nuances. Interest in the verbal synonymy of the Persian language is due to the structural diversity of the verb, its semantic capacity, richness and diversity of meanings, lexical connections, the presence of socio-stylistic differentiation, grammatical differences, which, in turn, cannot but affect the nature of synonymous relations. The article, for the first time in Uzbek Iranian studies, considers the role of direct and figurative meanings in the replenishment of synonymous rows of Persian language verbs and it also highlights the types of emerging relationships between synonymous verbs, paying attention to the most priority of them. Based on the analysis of the collected factual material, the article identifies four types of relations arising from the completion of the verbal synonymic series with direct and figurative meanings of verbs. The author of the article highlighted four types of relations, depending on which verb meanings are correlative. The first type includes verbs, which have basic meanings. The second group includes verbs correlative in the main and minor meanings. The third group of verbs consists of verbs, in which figurative meanings are synonymous. The fourth group includes verbs synonymous and in direct and figurative meanings. All the findings are supported by examples taken from the original sources.

Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica W. Y. Liu ◽  
A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽  
Richard Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Roberts ◽  
Kaarin J. Anstey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

Physical Warmth Attenuates Ethnocentric Bias under Mortality Salience: An Embodied Terror Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Margaux Renoux ◽  
Jean Monéger ◽  
Leila Selimbegovic
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Worldview Defense ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
First Time

Research indicates that individuals often deal with mortality salience by affirming beliefs in national or cultural superiority (worldview defense). Because worldview defense may be associated with negative consequences (discrimination), it is important to identify alternative means to deal with death-related thoughts. In line with an embodied terror management perspective, we evaluate for the first time the role of physical warmth in reducing defensive reaction to mortality salience. We predicted that, like social affiliation (social warmth), physical warmth could reduce worldview defense when mortality is salient. In this exploratory (preregistered) study, 202 French participants were primed with death-related thoughts, or an aversive control topic, in a heated room or a non-heated room. The main outcome was worldview defense (ethnocentric bias). We found no main effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. However, physical warmth reduced worldview defense when mortality was salient. Implications for an embodied terror management perspective are discussed.

Relationship between big five personality model and abusive supervision

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibi Tahira ◽  
Naveed Saif ◽  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Sadaqat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Big Five Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Supervisor Behavior ◽  
Moderating Role

The current study tries to understand the diverse nature of relationship between personality Big Five Model (PBFM) and student's perception of abusive supervision in higher education institutions of Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa Pakistan. Data was collected in dyads i.e. (supervisors were asked to rate their personality attributes while student were asked to rate the supervisor behavior) through adopted construct. For this purpose, data was collected from three government state universities and one Private Sector University. The focus was on MS/M.Phill and PhD student and their supervisors of the mentioned universities. After measuring normality and validity regression analysis was conducted to assess the impact of supervisor personality characteristics that leads to abusive supervision. Findings indicate interestingly that except agreeableness other four attributes of (PBFM) are play their role for abusive supervision. The results are novel in the nature as for the first time Neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion and conscientiousness are held responsible for the abusive supervision. The study did not explore the demographic characteristics, and moderating role of organizational culture, justice and interpersonal deviances to understand the strength of relationship in more detail way. Keywords: Personality big five model, abusive supervision, HEIs

Smolensk Proper Names in A.T. Tvardovsky’s Poems

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Inna A. Koroleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Thematic Content ◽  
Home Town ◽  
Birthday Anniversary ◽  
Long Poems ◽  
First Time

This article is dedicated to the 110th birthday anniversary of a great Russian poet, native of Smolensk, one of the founders of the Smolensk Poetic School Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910–1971). It examines how Smolensk motifs and Tvardovsky’s love for his home town are reflected in his works at the onomastic level. Smolensk-onyms reflected in long poems are analysed here, the focus being on anthroponyms and toponyms naming the characters and indicating the locations associated with Smolensk region. A close connection between the choice of proper names and Tvardovsky’s biography is established. An attempt is made to demonstrate how, using onomastic units introduced by the author into the storyline of his artistic text, the general principles of autobiography and chronotopy are realized, which have been noted earlier in critiques of Tvardovsky’s literary works. The onomastic component of the poems is analysed thoroughly and comprehensively, which helps us to decode the conceptual chain writer – name – text – reader and identify the author’s attitude to the characters and the ideological and thematic content of the works, as well as some of the author’s personal characteristics, tastes and passions. At the onomastic level, the thesis about the role of Smolensk motifs in Tvardovsky’s literary works is once more substantiated. A review is presented of onomastic studies analysing proper names of different categories in Tvardovsky’s poems (mainly conducted by the representatives of the Voronezh Onomastic School and the author of this article). It should be noted that Smolensk proper names in the entire body of Tvardovsky’s poetry are analysed for the first time.

Resveratrol: A new potential therapeutic agent for melanoma?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hossein Pourhanifeh ◽  
Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi ◽  
Mohammad Goodarzi ◽  
Sara G.M. Piccirillo ◽  
Alimohammad Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Apoptosis Inducer ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Time

: Melanoma is the most life-threatening and aggressive class of skin malignancies. The incidence of melanoma has steadily increased. Metastatic melanoma is greatly resistant to standard anti-melanomatreatments such as chemotherapy, and 5-year survival rate of cases with melanoma who have metastatic form of disease is less than 10%. The contributing role of apoptosis, angiogenesis and autophagy in the pathophysiology of melanoma has been previously demonstrated. Thus, it is extremely urgent to search for complementary therapeutic approachesthat couldenhance the quality of life of subjects and reduce treatment resistance and adverse effects. Resveratrol, known as a polyphenol component present in grapes and some plants, has anti-cancer properties due to its function as an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells, and anti-angiogenic agent to prevent metastasis. However, more clinical trials should be conducted to prove resveratrol efficacy. : Herein, for first time, we summarize current knowledge of anti-cancerous activities of resveratrol in melanoma.

Laws of Nature

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Universe

The concept of a law of nature, while familiar, is deeply puzzling. Theorists such as Descartes think a divine being governs the universe according to the laws which follow from that being’s own nature. Newton detaches the concept from theology and is agnostic about the ontology underlying the laws of nature. Some later philosophers treat laws as summaries of events or tools for understanding and explanation, or identify the laws with principles and equations fundamental to scientific theories. In the first part of this volume, essays from leading historians of philosophy identify central questions: are laws independent of the things they govern, or do they emanate from the powers of bodies? Are the laws responsible for the patterns we see in nature, or should they be collapsed into those patterns? In the second part, contributors at the forefront of current debate evaluate the role of laws in contemporary Best System, perspectival, Kantian, and powers- or mechanisms-based approaches. These essays take up pressing questions about whether the laws of nature can be consistent with contingency, whether laws are based on the invariants of scientific theories, and how to deal with exceptions to laws. These twelve essays, published here for the first time, will be required reading for anyone interested in metaphysics, philosophy of science, and the histories of these disciplines.

The Structure of Truth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Logical Form ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Truth Theory ◽  
Ontological Commitments ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
First Time

Donald Davidson’s 1970 Locke Lectures appear in print for the first time in this volume, accompanied by an introduction highlighting their significance as a snapshot of his evolving views in the philosophy of language and describing their relationship to the work he published during his lifetime. The lectures comprise an invaluable historical document that illuminates how Davidson was thinking about the theory of meaning, the role of a truth theory therein, the ontological commitments of a truth theory, the notion of logical form, and so on, at a pivotal moment in the development of his thought. Unlike Davidson’s previously published work, they are written so as to be presented to an audience as a fully organized and coherent exposition of his program in the philosophy of language. Had these lectures been widely available in the years following 1970, the reception of Davidson’s work, especially in the philosophy of language, might have been very different. Given the systematic nature of the presentation of Davidson’s semantic program in these lectures, it is hoped that they will be of use to those encountering his thought for the first time.

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