scholarly journals Carotenoids in Milk and the Potential for Dairy Based Functional Foods

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Ruth Conboy Stephenson ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Catherine Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Carotenoid Profile

Carotenoids are a family of over 1100 known natural pigments synthesized by plants, algae, fungi and bacteria. Dietary intake of carotenoids is necessary for mammals as they cannot be synthesized in the body. In cows, the nature of the diet consumed strongly influences the composition of milk produced and this includes carotenoid concentration and profile. Fresh forage is the richest source of carotenoids for cows. The main carotenoids identified in forages are lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and epilutein. Manipulating cow feed via carotenoid supplementation increases the carotenoid content of bovine milk. In humans, carotenoids have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and provitamin A activity. Lutein is a major carotenoid in human milk and the brain tissue of adults and infants. Lutein and zeaxanthin are linked to improved eye health and cognitive function. Traditionally for humans, fruit and vegetables have been the main source of carotenoid intake. Functional foods present an opportunity to incorporate these naturally occurring compounds into milk products for added health benefits, widening the range of dietary sources of carotenoids. We offer an overview of the literature to date on carotenoid-fortified dairy products and infant formula. This review will describe and summarize the key mechanisms by which the carotenoid profile of bovine milk can be manipulated. We present findings on the origin and role of carotenoids in bovine and human milk, outline factors that impact the carotenoid content of milk, evaluate carotenoid-fortified milk products and discuss the associated challenges, such as bioaccessibility and stability.

scholarly journals Pasteurized Orange Juice Rich in Carotenoids Protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Oxidative Stress and β-Amyloid Toxicity through Direct and Indirect Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Basílio de Oliveira Caland ◽  
Cesar Orlando Muñoz Cadavid ◽  
Lourdes Carmona ◽  
Leandro Peña ◽  
Riva de Paula Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amyloid Peptide ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Amyloid Toxicity ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Carotenoid Profile

‘Cara Cara’ is a red orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) variety originally from Venezuela characterized by a significantly higher and diversified carotenoid content including higher-concentration lycopene, all-E-β-carotene, phytoene, and other carotenoids when compared with the carotenoid profile of its isogenic blond counterpart ‘Bahia’, also known as Washington navel. The exceptionally high carotenoid content of ‘Cara Cara’ is of special interest due to its neuroprotective potential. Here, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze the antioxidant effect and the protection against β-amyloid-induced toxicity of pasteurized orange juice (POJ) obtained from ‘Cara Cara’ and compare to that from ‘Bahia’. POJ treatment reduced the endogenous ROS levels and increased the worm’s survival rate under normal and oxidative stress conditions. POJ treatment also upregulated the expression of antioxidant (gcs-1, gst-4, and sod-3) and chaperonin (hsp-16.2) genes. Remarkably, ROS reduction, gene expression activation, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity extension were significantly increased in the animals treated with ‘Cara Cara’ orange juice compared to animals treated with ‘Bahia’ orange juice. Furthermore, the body paralysis induced by β-amyloid peptide was delayed by both POJs but the mean paralysis time for the worms treated with ‘Cara Cara’ orange juice was significantly higher compared to ‘Bahia’ orange juice. Our mechanistic studies indicated that POJ-reduced ROS levels are primarily a result of the direct scavenging action of natural compounds available in the orange juice. Moreover, POJ-induced gst-4::GFP expression and –increased stress resistance was dependent of the SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factor. Finally, the transcription factors SKN-1, DAF-16, and HSF-1 were required for the POJ-mediated protective effect against Aβ toxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that orange juice from ‘Cara Cara’ induced a stronger response against oxidative stress and β-amyloid toxicity compared to orange juice from ‘Bahia’ possibly due to its higher carotenoid content.

scholarly journals Benefícios do Emprego de Substâncias Funcionais no Desenvolvimento de Produtos

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Régia Saviani Trentin ◽  
Joice Sifuentes dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Functional Foods ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Ácido Linoleico Conjugado ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Positive Point

Com a crescente demanda de consumidores por produtos mais saudáveis, que atuam na prevenção e redução de problemas de saúde, houve um aumento no desenvolvimento de bebidas funcionais. Entre os alimentos funcionais podemos encontrar aqueles beneficiados com probióticos, que são micro-organismos conhecidos como ‘bactérias do bem’ e prebióticos, que são fibras alimentares que ajudam no crescimento e desenvolvimento das bactérias probióticas. Simbiose é o nome dado a combinação desses dois fatores. O consumo regular de produtos simbióticos acarreta funções benéficas ao organismo humano. Além disso outro produto que pode trazer benefícios ao organismo é o leite de ovelha, que se destaca por sua maior quantidade de minerais, lipídios, proteínas e vitaminas essenciais quando comparado ao leite bovino, outro ponto positivo é a presença do ácido linoleico conjugado que ajuda no controle da redução da gordura corporal, além de diversos peptidios que atuam na ECA (enzima conversora da angiotensina) que por sua vez atua no controle da pressão arterial. O soro de leite também é um produto muito bem visto, pois ao ser empregado enriquece o produto onde foi adicionado, gerando uma diminuição da problemática do excesso de soro na indústria, e tornando-se uma solução viável e lucrativa na fabricação de derivados.  Este artigo tem como objetivo trazer os benefícios do emprego do soro de leite de ovelha ultrafiltrado, leite de ovelha, inulina como prebiótico, e Lactobacillus rhamnosus como probiótico no desenvolvimento de uma bebida láctea funcional.   Palavras-chave: Leite Ovino. Probióticos. Prebióticos.   Abstract With the growing consumer demand for healthier products, which work to prevent and reduce health problems, there has been an increase in the development of functional drinks. Among the functional foods we can find those that benefit from probiotics, which are microorganisms known as ‘good bacteria’ and prebiotics, which are dietary fibers that help in the growth and development of probiotic bacteria. Symbiosis is the name given to the combination of these two factors. Regular consumption of symbiotic products has beneficial functions for the human organism. In addition, another product that can bring benefits to the body is sheep's milk, which stands out for its greater amount of minerals, lipids, proteins and essential vitamins when compared to bovine milk, another positive point is the presence of conjugated linoleic acid that helps in the control of the reduction of the corporal fat, besides several peptides that act in the ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) that in turn acts in the control of the arterial pressure. Whey is also a very well-regarded product, because when used it enriches the product where it was added, generating a decrease in the problem of excess whey in the industry, and becoming a viable and profitable solution in the manufacture of derivatives. This article aims to bring the benefits of using ultrafiltered sheep whey, sheep's milk, inulin as a prebiotic, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a probiotic in the development of a functional dairy drink.   Keywords: Sheep Milk. Probiotics. Prebiotics.

Evaluation of the Effect of Planting Distance and Harvesting Time on the Carotenoids and Phytochemicals of Selected Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obianuju Orimma Kalu ◽  
Philippa Chinyere Ojimelukwe ◽  
Anthony N. Ukom
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Carotenoid Profile ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato ◽  
Β Carotene

We evaluated the carotenoid profile and concentration (by HPLC) and the phytochemical content of two OFSP varieties (Umuspo 3 and Ex-Igbariam) planted at three distances (20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm) and harvested in two different periods (12thand 16thweeks after planting) respectively. Carotene contents of the outer peel and inner flesh of the sweet potato varieties were also determined. The results showed wide variation in the carotenoid and phytochemical content among the varieties at different planting spaces and harvest periods. Umuspo 3 planted at 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm had significantly greater carotenoid concentration than Ex-Igbariam variety. The predominant carotenoid was β-carotene with highest concentration obtained from 40 cm planting distance (92.82µg/g) and 30 cm (80.97µg/g) for Umuspo 3. Ex-Igbariam at 30 cm planting distance contained 2.51µg/g β-carotene when harvested after 16thweeks. Also the highest β-carotene concentration was from Umuspo 3 flesh sample planted 30 and 40 cm (409.45 and 441.15 mg/100g) and the peel for samples planted 30 and 40 cm (490.47 and 640.69 mg/100g, respectively) at the 12thweek of harvest. Flavonoids were present in significant amounts (310.62mg/100g) in Umuspo 3 planted at 30 cm and harvested after 12thweek while in total polyphenol, significant quantities of ≈42.12mg/100g was present in Ex-Igbariam spaced at 30 cm and 40 cm and harvested after 16thweek. Provitamin A carotenoid was calculated and Umuspo 3 pro-vitamin A carotenoid was significantly higher (p< 0.05) with highest concentration (742.26 RE/100g) present in samples from 40 cm planting distance. The results showed that planting space and harvesting period had significant impact on the carotenoid and phytochemical concentrations of OFSP varieties. Planting distances of 30 and 40 cm are recommended for high carotenoid content in the two sweet potato varieties.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

In-vivo anti-oxidant screening of Tectona grandis extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tamilarasi G P ◽  
Sabarees G
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Radical Generation

Oxidation is an essential reaction in the human body, which determines the expression of proteins in the body. This results in the altered expression like rapid growth resulting in cancers and other disorders. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market that is effective in limiting the free radical generation and the reaction of radicals with cells. Unfortunately, all those synthetic drugs were found to cause side effects and adverse effects in the body. But given the accuracy of the predictability of the results and administration, this research focuses on testing the anti-oxidant efficiency in rat models testing the biochemical parameters. Investigations have also been done on the anti-oxidant activity of Tectona, but every research was concentrated to prove the anti-oxidant activity only. extract had been tested for anti-oxidant activity by estimating various tissue parameters and it showed better activity. As predicted, there is a significant difference in the and results which can be explained are due to the physiological conditions that exist inside the body.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of an Exclusively Human Milk Protein Diet on Neonatal Feeding Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wickland ◽  
Christine Wade ◽  
Becky Micetic ◽  
Keith Meredith ◽  
Gregory Martin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Diet ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Human Milk Protein ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of human milk protein fortifier (HMPF) versus bovine milk protein fortifier (BMPF) on feeding tolerance defined as the time to reach full feeds and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Study Design A retrospective review using the BabySteps Database included 493 infants born ≤33 weeks of gestational age and ≤1,250 g (g) birth weight. A total of 218 infants fed a human milk diet (HMD) with BMPF were compared with 275 infants fed an HMD with HMPF. Results Full feeds were reached significantly sooner in the HMPF group (median: 14 vs. 16 days, p = 0.04). Weight at full feeds was significantly lower in the HMPF group (1,060 vs. 1110 g, p = 0.03). Conclusion Using HMPF to provide an exclusively HMD allowed VLBW infants to achieve full feeds sooner, but did not affect rate of NEC compared with using a BMPF with an HMD. Key Points

scholarly journals Fighting Oxidative Stress with Sulfur: Hydrogen Sulfide in the Renal and Cardiovascular Systems

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Scammahorn ◽  
Isabel T. N. Nguyen ◽  
Eelke M. Bos ◽  
Harry Van Goor ◽  
Jaap A. Joles
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential gaseous signaling molecule. Research on its role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has greatly expanded. Endogenous enzymatic production through the transsulfuration and cysteine catabolism pathways can occur in the kidneys and blood vessels. Furthermore, non-enzymatic pathways are present throughout the body. In the renal and cardiovascular system, H2S plays an important role in maintaining the redox status at safe levels by promoting scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S also modifies cysteine residues on key signaling molecules such as keap1/Nrf2, NFκB, and HIF-1α, thereby promoting anti-oxidant mechanisms. Depletion of H2S is implicated in many age-related and cardiorenal diseases, all having oxidative stress as a major contributor. Current research suggests potential for H2S-based therapies, however, therapeutic interventions have been limited to studies in animal models. Beyond H2S use as direct treatment, it could improve procedures such as transplantation, stem cell therapy, and the safety and efficacy of drugs including NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors. All in all, H2S is a prime subject for further research with potential for clinical use.

scholarly journals Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Klaudija Carović-Stanko ◽  
Ivica Kos ◽  
Zlatko Janječić ◽  
Goran Kiš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dietary Content ◽  
Sensory Color ◽  
Carotenoid Profile

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. 21.79 μg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 μg/g). The tested plants did not achieve yolk color fan values as the control (13.47) or 3% marigold (11.47), and among them, calendula had the highest values (9.73). Despite the low carotenoid content in diets supplemented with basil herb, iron-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was low as for marigold (on average 106.83 vs. 92.68 ng/g after 250 min). The treatments differed in sensory color scores for fresh and hard-boiled yolks and flavor while other sensory properties were similar. In conclusion, the supplementation of plants in a hen diet may result in yolks containing carotenoids and other compounds showing a high antioxidant effect.

The value of functional fermented milk drinks in dietary and preventive nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 180-191
Author(s):  
Аlla Solomon ◽  
◽  
Iryna Bernyk ◽  
Мariana Bondar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Fermented Milk Products

State policy in the field of healthy nutrition is a timely and vital, because inadequate nutrition for the physical needs of the body poses a threat to national security today. The article analyzes the state of nutrition of the population of Ukraine in recent years, which is marked by negative trends, both in relation to energy adequacy and in relation to the chemical composition of diets. It is proven that the harm to health is caused by insufficient intake of vitamins, minerals and trace elements, resulting in reduced physical and mental performance, resistance to various diseases, increased negative effects on the body of adverse environmental conditions, harmful production factors, nervous and emotional stress and stress. The purpose of this work is to scientifically substantiate the composition of a fermented milk product enriched with sprouted barley grains and rosehip syrup, which allows improving the structure of the human nutrition through the use of functional ingredients and facilitating the adaptation of the human body to adverse external conditions. Experts associate the positive effect of fermented milk products for the human body with the appearance in them of physiologically active functional components, which are also useful in a physiological form. The value of fermented milk products in functional nutrition is determined primarily by the unique composition of microflora, food and biological value of products. Speaking about the nutritional value of fermented milk products, it is necessary to consider in detail the nutritional substances that make up its composition. In the lifr process of lactic acid bacteria, a complex of biologically active substances (enzymes, lactic and acetic acids, antibiotic substances) is accumulating. Dietary fermented milk products improve metabolism, stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, stimulate the appetite. Improving the health of the human body and ensuring its active life through the use of fermented milk products with functional properties is a new promising direction in medicine and nutrition, as its integral part.

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