Muscle and Serum Metabolomics for Different Chicken Breeds under Commercial Conditions by GC–MS

Globally, village chicken is popular and is known as a premium meat with a higher price. Food fraud can occur by selling other chicken breeds at a premium price in local markets. This study aimed to distinguish local village chicken from other chicken breeds available in the market, namely, colored broiler (Hubbard), broiler (Cobb), and spent laying hen (Dekalb) in pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Both pectoralis major and serum were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The principal component analysis (PCA) results distinguished four different chicken breeds into three main groups for pectoralis major and serum. A total of 30 and 40 characteristic metabolites were identified for pectoralis major and serum, respectively. The four chicken breeds were characterized by the abundance of metabolites such as amino acids (L−glutamic acid, L−threonine, L−serine, L−leucine), organic acids (L−lactic acid, succinic acid, 3−hydroxybutyric acid), sugars (D−allose, D−glucose), sugar alcohols (myo−inositol), and fatty acids (linoleic acid). Our results suggest that an untargeted metabolomics approach using GC–MS and PCA could discriminate chicken breeds for pectoralis major and serum under commercial conditions. In this study, village chicken could only be distinguished from colored broiler (Hubbard) by serum samples.

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Novel Biomarkers to Distinguish between Type 3c and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Untargeted Metabolomics

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo10110423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 423

Author(s):

Cristina Jimenez-Luna ◽

Ariadna Martin-Blazquez ◽

Carmelo Dieguez-Castillo ◽

Caridad Diaz ◽

Jose Luis Martin-Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Roc Curve ◽

High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Untargeted Metabolomics ◽

Serum Samples

Pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus (T3cDM) is a highly frequent complication of pancreatic disease, especially chronic pancreatitis, and it is often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A correct diagnosis allows the appropriate treatment of these patients, improving their quality of life, and various technologies have been employed over recent years to search for specific biomarkers of each disease. The main aim of this metabolomic project was to find differential metabolites between T3cDM and T2DM. Reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed in serum samples from patients with T3cDM and T2DM. Multivariate Principal Component and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant analyses were employed to evaluate between-group variations. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify potential candidates and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to evaluate their diagnostic value. A panel of five differential metabolites obtained an area under the ROC curve of 0.946. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of untargeted metabolomics for the differential diagnosis between T3cDM and T2DM and propose a panel of five metabolites that appear altered in the comparison between patients with these diseases.

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Untargeted Metabolomics Insights into Newborns with Congenital Zika Infection

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 468

Author(s):

Estéfane da C. Nunes ◽

Ana M. B. de Filippis ◽

Taiane do E. S. Pereira ◽

Nieli R. da C. Faria ◽

Álvaro Salgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Development ◽

Cellular Metabolism ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Untargeted Metabolomics ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Clinical Complications ◽

Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽

Emerging Virus ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, causes severe neurological clinical complications and has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, fetal abnormalities known collectively as congenital Zika syndrome, and microcephaly. Studies have shown that ZIKV infection can alter cellular metabolism, directly affecting neural development. Brain growth requires controlled cellular metabolism, which is essential for cell proliferation and maturation. However, little is known regarding the metabolic profile of ZIKV-infected newborns and possible associations related to microcephaly. Furthering the understanding surrounding underlying mechanisms is essential to developing personalized treatments for affected individuals. Thus, metabolomics, the study of the metabolites produced by or modified in an organism, constitutes a valuable approach in the study of complex diseases. Here, 26 serum samples from ZIKV-positive newborns with or without microcephaly, as well as controls, were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomics approach involving gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Significant alterations in essential and non-essential amino acids, as well as carbohydrates (including aldohexoses, such as glucose or mannose) and their derivatives (urea and pyruvic acid), were observed in the metabolic profiles analyzed. Our results provide insight into relevant metabolic processes in patients with ZIKV and microcephaly.

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Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Serum Metabolic Signature of Childhood Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14010214 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 214

Author(s):

Lukasz Szczerbinski ◽

Gladys Wojciechowska ◽

Adam Olichwier ◽

Mark A. Taylor ◽

Urszula Puchta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Childhood Obesity ◽

Adult Population ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Untargeted Metabolomics ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Metabolic Signature ◽

Metabolomic Profiling ◽

Altered Lipid

Obesity rates among children are growing rapidly worldwide, placing massive pressure on healthcare systems. Untargeted metabolomics can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and elucidate mechanisms related to its symptoms. However, the metabolic signatures of obesity in children have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with obesity development in childhood. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on fasting serum samples from 27 obese Caucasian children and adolescents and 15 sex- and age-matched normal-weight children. Three metabolomic assays were combined and yielded 726 unique identified metabolites: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC LC–MS/MS), and lipidomics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed clear discrimination between the untargeted metabolomes of obese and normal-weight children, with 162 significantly differentially expressed metabolites between groups. Children with obesity had higher concentrations of branch-chained amino acids and various lipid metabolites, including phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides. Thus, an early manifestation of obesity pathogenesis and its metabolic consequences in the serum metabolome are correlated with altered lipid metabolism. Obesity metabolite patterns in the adult population were very similar to the metabolic signature of childhood obesity. Identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and used to study obesity pathomechanisms.

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Lactation-induced changes in metabolic status and follicular-fluid metabolomic profile in postpartum dairy cows

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd14348 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1882 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Niamh Forde ◽

Aoife O'Gorman ◽

Helena Whelan ◽

Pat Duffy ◽

Lydia O'Hara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Follicular Fluid ◽

Principal Component ◽

Metabolic Status ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

N3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Arachidonic Acids

The aim was to investigate the effect of lactation on the composition of pre-ovulatory follicular fluid (FF). Forty in-calf primiparous heifers and 20 maiden heifers were enrolled. Immediately after calving, half of the cows were dried off while the remainder were milked twice daily. Serum samples were collected twice weekly from two weeks pre- to 84 days postpartum (dpp). FF was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate were higher, while glucose, insulin and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations were lower in lactating cows compared with non-lactating cows and heifers (P < 0.01). Principal component analysis of FF metabolites revealed a clear separation of the lactating group from both non-lactating cows and heifers. The amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine and valine and fatty acids heneicosanoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were all lower in FF from lactating compared with dry cows (P < 0.05). FF from lactating cows was higher in aminoadipic acid, α-aminobutyric acid, glycine and serine while histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine and ornithine were all lower than in dry cows and heifers (P < 0.05). The ratio of n6 : n3 was higher in lactating cows compared with both non-lactating cows and heifers, whereas total n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, pentadecanoic, linolenic, elaidic and arachidonic acids were all lower in the FF of lactating cows than both non-lactating cows and heifers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, lactation induces distinct changes in the overall metabolic status of postpartum lactating dairy cows which are associated with divergent metabolite profiles in FF.

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Non-targeted Serum Metabolomics Identifies Candidate Biomarkers Panels Associated with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Pilot Study in Russian Male Patients

The Open Biomarkers Journal ◽

10.2174/1875318302111010017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena V. Demyanova ◽

Elena S. Shcherbakova ◽

Tatyana S. Sall ◽

Igor G. Bakulin ◽

Timur Ya. Vakhitov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Metabolomics Data ◽

Simple Steatosis ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Male Patients ◽

Serum Metabolomics

Aims: The aim of the present study was to explore changes in the serum metabolome of patients with NAFLD relative to healthy controls to identify biomarkers associated with steatosis or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Background: The serum metabolome reflects changes at the organismal level. This is especially important in Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease (NAFLD), where changes in hormones, cytokines, enzymes and other metabolic alterations can affect the liver, as well as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and other systems. Objective: The objectives were to conduct non-targeted serum metabolomics, data processing, and identification of candidate biomarkers, as well as panels and assessment of their prognostic value. Materials and Methods: Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of blood serum samples from 21 male patients with NAFLD (simple steatosis or NASH) and seven male Control group was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 319 serum metabolites were detected in NAFLD and Control groups, several of which differed significantly between groups. The most discriminating biomarkers were 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, 2,3-dihydroxybutyric acid, arabitol and 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid. Using a panel of three, four or more markers could distinguish patients with NAFLD from controls, and patients with NASH from those with simple steatosis. Conclusion: We identified candidate biomarkers for simple steatosis and NASH. Since NAFLD is a multifactorial disease, it is preferable to use a marker panel rather than individual metabolites. Markers may not only result from dysregulation of metabolic pathways in patients with NAFLD, they may also reflect adaptive responses to disease, including functional changes in the intestinal microbiota.

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Different Blood Metabolomics Profiles in Infants Consuming a Meat- or Dairy-Based Complementary Diet

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 388

Author(s):

Minghua Tang ◽

Nicholas E. Weaver ◽

Lillian M. Berman ◽

Laura D. Brown ◽

Audrey E. Hendricks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Principal Component ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Z Scores ◽

Protein Rich ◽

Over Time ◽

Complementary Diet

Background: Research is limited in evaluating the mechanisms responsible for infant growth in response to different protein-rich foods; Methods: Targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis were conducted on serum samples collected from an infant controlled-feeding trial that participants consumed a meat- vs. dairy-based complementary diet from 5 to 12 months of age, and followed up at 24 months. Results: Isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine increased and threonine decreased over time among all participants; Although none of the individual essential amino acids had a significant impact on changes in growth Z scores from 5 to 12 months, principal component heavily weighted by BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) and phenylalanine had a positive association with changes in length-for-age Z score from 5 to 12 months. Concentrations of acylcarnitine-C4, acylcarnitine-C5 and acylcarnitine-C5:1 significantly increased over time with the dietary intervention, but none of the acylcarnitines were associated with infant growth Z scores. Quantitative trimethylamine N-oxide increased in the meat group from 5 to 12 months; Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increasing total protein intake by providing protein-rich complementary foods was associated with increased concentrations of certain essential amino acids and short-chain acyl-carnitines. The sources of protein-rich foods (e.g., meat vs. dairy) did not appear to differentially impact serum metabolites, and comprehensive mechanistic investigations are needed to identify other contributors or mediators of the diet-induced infant growth trajectories.

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Untargeted Metabolomics Approach for the Discovery of Environment-Related Pyran-2-ones Chemodiversity in a Marine-Sourced Penicillium restrictum

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19070378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 378

Author(s):

Van-Tuyen Le ◽

Samuel Bertrand ◽

Thibaut Robiou du Pont ◽

Fabrice Fleury ◽

Nathalie Caroff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Medium ◽

Blue Mussel ◽

Culture Media ◽

Principal Component ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Untargeted Metabolomics ◽

High Chemical ◽

Medium Mass ◽

Metabolomics Study ◽

Penicillium Restrictum

Very little is known about chemical interactions between fungi and their mollusc host within marine environments. Here, we investigated the metabolome of a Penicillium restrictum MMS417 strain isolated from the blue mussel Mytilus edulis collected on the Loire estuary, France. Following the OSMAC approach with the use of 14 culture media, the effect of salinity and of a mussel-derived medium on the metabolic expression were analysed using HPLC-UV/DAD-HRMS/MS. An untargeted metabolomics study was performed using principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (O-PLSDA) and molecular networking (MN). It highlighted some compounds belonging to sterols, macrolides and pyran-2-ones, which were specifically induced in marine conditions. In particular, a high chemical diversity of pyran-2-ones was found to be related to the presence of mussel extract in the culture medium. Mass spectrometry (MS)- and UV-guided purification resulted in the isolation of five new natural fungal pyran-2-one derivatives—5,6-dihydro-6S-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-one (1), (6S, 1’R, 2’S)-LL-P880β (3), 5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-6S-(1’S, 2’S-dihydroxy pent-3’(E)-enyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (4), 4-methoxy-6-(1’R, 2’S-dihydroxy pent-3’(E)-enyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (6) and 4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-one (7)—together with the known (6S, 1’S, 2’S)-LL-P880β (2), (1’R, 2’S)-LL-P880γ (5), 5,6-dihydro-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-one (8), (6S, 1’S, 2’R)-LL-P880β (9), (6S, 1’S)-pestalotin (10), 1’R-dehydropestalotin (11) and 6-pentyl-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-one (12) from the mussel-derived culture medium extract. The structures of 1-12 were determined by 1D- and 2D-MMR experiments as well as high-resolution tandem MS, ECD and DP4 calculations. Some of these compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic, antibacterial, antileishmanial and in-silico PTP1B inhibitory activities. These results illustrate the utility in using host-derived media for the discovery of new natural products.

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Characterization of the Volatile Profile of Cultivated and Wild-Type Italian Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Varieties by HS-SPME/GC-MS

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5855

Author(s):

Samantha Reale ◽

Valter Di Cecco ◽

Francesca Di Donato ◽

Luciano Di Martino ◽

Aurelio Manzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Principal Component ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Volatile Profile ◽

Wild Type ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Clear Differentiation

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable belonging to the Apiaceae family that is widely used for its distinct flavor and contains a variety of bioactive metabolites with healthy properties. Some celery ecotypes cultivated in specific territories of Italy have recently attracted the attention of consumers and scientists because of their peculiar sensorial and nutritional properties. In this work, the volatile profiles of white celery “Sedano Bianco di Sperlonga” Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) ecotype, black celery “Sedano Nero di Torricella Peligna” and wild-type celery were investigated using head-space solid-phase microextraction combined with gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and compared to that of the common ribbed celery. Exploratory multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) on HS-SPME/GC-MS patterns, separately collected from celery leaves and petioles, to assess similarity/dissimilarity in the flavor composition of the investigated varieties. PCA revealed a clear differentiation of wild-type celery from the cultivated varieties. Among the cultivated varieties, black celery “Sedano Nero di Torricella Peligna” exhibited a significantly different composition in volatile profile in both leaves and petioles compared to the white celery and the prevalent commercial variety. The chemical components of aroma, potentially useful for the classification of celery according to the variety/origin, were identified.

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Influences of Smoking in Traditional and Industrial Conditions on Flavour Profile of Harbin Red Sausages by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1180

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Yin ◽

Qian Chen ◽

Qian Liu ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Baohua Kong

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Meat Products ◽

Principal Component ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Smoking is mainly used to impart desirable flavour, colour and texture to the products. Various food smoking methods can be divided into traditional and industrial methods. The influences of three different smoking methods, including traditional smouldering smoke (TSS), industrial smouldering smoke (ISS) and industrial liquid smoke (ILS), on quality characteristics, sensory attributes and flavour profiles of Harbin red sausages were studied. The smoking methods had significant effects on the moisture content (55.74–61.72 g/100 g), L*-value (53.85–57.61), a*-value (11.97–13.15), b*-value (12.19–12.92), hardness (24.25–29.17 N) and chewiness (13.42–17.32). A total of 86 volatile compounds were identified by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC × GC-qMS). Among them, phenolic compounds were the most abundant compounds in the all sausages. Compared with sausages smoked with smouldering smoke, the ILS sausages showed the highest content of volatile compounds, especially phenols, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. Principal component analysis showed that the sausages smoked with different methods had a good separation based on the quality characteristics and GC × GC-qMS data. These results will facilitate optimising the smoking methods in the industrial production of smoked meat products.

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Raman Spectral Signatures of Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched Isolates May Support the Diagnosis of CNS Tumors

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13061407 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1407

Author(s):

Matyas Bukva ◽

Gabriella Dobra ◽

Juan Gomez-Perez ◽

Krisztian Koos ◽

Maria Harmati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lumbar Disc ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Principal Component ◽

Extracellular Vesicle ◽

Classification Performance ◽

Cns Tumors ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Support Vector ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Raman Spectroscopic

Investigating the molecular composition of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) for tumor diagnostic purposes is becoming increasingly popular, especially for diseases for which diagnosis is challenging, such as central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. Thorough examination of the molecular content of sEVs by Raman spectroscopy is a promising but hitherto barely explored approach for these tumor types. We attempt to reveal the potential role of serum-derived sEVs in diagnosing CNS tumors through Raman spectroscopic analyses using a relevant number of clinical samples. A total of 138 serum samples were obtained from four patient groups (glioblastoma multiforme, non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastasis, meningioma and lumbar disc herniation as control). After isolation, characterization and Raman spectroscopic assessment of sEVs, the Principal Component Analysis–Support Vector Machine (PCA–SVM) algorithm was performed on the Raman spectra for pairwise classifications. Classification accuracy (CA), sensitivity, specificity and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value derived from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to evaluate the performance of classification. The groups compared were distinguishable with 82.9–92.5% CA, 80–95% sensitivity and 80–90% specificity. AUC scores in the range of 0.82–0.9 suggest excellent and outstanding classification performance. Our results support that Raman spectroscopic analysis of sEV-enriched isolates from serum is a promising method that could be further developed in order to be applicable in the diagnosis of CNS tumors.

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