scholarly journals Chemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities of Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) Extracts

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2343
Author(s):  
Débora Odília Duarte Leite ◽  
Cicera Janaine Camilo ◽  
Carla de Fatima Alves Nonato ◽  
Natália Kelly Gomes de Carvalho ◽  
Gerson Javier Torres Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ache Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Β Carotene

This study presents the chemical profile of extracts from the pulp and seed of Annona squamosa L., as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. In the chemical prospection, qualitative assays were performed, and the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and carotenoids were quantified. For the compounds identification, analyses of the extracts were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antioxidant evaluation was performed using the DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ reduction, 2-DR protection, and β-carotene protection methods. The assay for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was determined using the method described by Ellman. The secondary metabolites identified were anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonols, and alkaloids. Phenol analysis showed a higher quantitative value of total phenols and flavonoids for the seed extract, and the vitamin C content was higher in the pulp extract. There was no significant difference in relation to the carotenoids quantification. The best results obtained for antioxidant activity, for both seed and pulp extracts, were with the ABTS method with IC50 of 0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. Compared to A. squamosa seed extract, the pulp extract demonstrates higher AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 of 18.82 ± 0.17 µg/mL. A. squamosa is a nutritious food source. The continuity of the studies is fundamental to relate the consumption of this food and its effects on neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Chalcone and Flavone Analogs as Antioxidants and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Díaz-Rubio ◽  
Rufina Hernández-Martínez ◽  
Arturo Estolano-Cobián ◽  
Daniel Chávez-Velasco ◽  
Ricardo Salazar-Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Ache Inhibitors ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Β Carotene

Several oxidative processes are related to a wide range of human chronic and degenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s disease, which also has been related to cholinergic processes. Therefore, search for new or improved antioxidant molecules with acetylcholinesterase activity is essential to offer alternative chemotherapeutic agents to support current drug therapies. A series of chalcone (2a–2k) and flavone (3a–3k) analogs were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, and antioxidant agents using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2-2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•), and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay. Compounds more active were 3j and 2k in DPPH with EC50 of 1 × 10−8 and 5.4 × 10−3 μg/mL, respectively; 2g and 3i in ABTS (1.14 × 10−2 and 1.9 × 10−3 μg/mL); 2e, 2f, 3f, 2j, and 3j exceeded the α-tocopherol control in the β-carotene assay (98–99% of antioxidant activity). At acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay, flavones were more active than chalcones; the best results were compounds 2d and 3d (IC50 21.5 and 26.8 µg/mL, respectively), suggesting that the presence of the nitro group enhances the inhibitory activity. The docking of these two structures were made to understand their interactions with the AChE receptor. Although further in vivo testing must be performed, our results represent an important step towards the identification of improved antioxidants and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Total phenol, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid content of Iranian commercial orange juice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Ashari ◽  
Naficeh Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Oveisi ◽  
Mannan Hajimahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

This study was designed to measure and compare the total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin C contents in four orange juice brands which are commercially available in Iran. Total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid content of 100 samples from four different commercial brands were evaluated by the spectrometric method. The concentration of total phenol in commercial orange juice samples was between 28.39 and 114.20 mg gallic acid equivalent per liter (mg GAE/L). The measured range of total flavonoids was from 12.53 to 32.62 mg quercetin equivalent per liter (mg QE/L) and the content of ascorbic acid in the samples was between 29.95 and 93.08 mg/L. The results showed a significant difference between the four brand`s total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin C level (P< 0.05). According to the found variation among different studied brands, setting a determined amount for the measured parameters is suggested.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Biji Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) sebagai Bahan Pembersih Gigi Tiruan terhadap Daya Hambat Pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans pada Basis Akrilik Heat Cured

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Muchammad Fahmi Rizqi Abdillah ◽  
FX Ady Soesetijo ◽  
Dewi Kristiana
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cleaning Agents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The rough surface of a heat cured acrylic resin as a denture base can cause a pathogenic buildup of plaques and biofilms, so an effort to clean the denture base is needed. The available denture cleaning chemicals are proof of some disadvantages, so it is necessary to do research on alternative natural ingredients. Srikaya seed extract using ethanol 96% solvent has been shown to have antibacterial activity and with its various properties, so that it has the potential to become denture cleaning agents. Samples were made based on ADA No.17 specifications with 5 samples in each of the 6 treatment groups, sampling using Simple Random Sampling. Samples contaminated with S. mutans were soaked in srikaya seed extract 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 0.5% NaOCl and sterile aquadest. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in each treatment group. There is an influence of the difference in concentration of srikaya seed extract on the growth of S. mutans bacteria on a heat cured acrylic base. Keywords: heat cured acrylic resin, S.mutans, srikaya seed extract, absorbance

Economic maximization of alfalfa medically-active phytoconstituents

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4984
Author(s):  
Bardees Mohammad Mickky* ◽  
Muhammad Ali Abbas ◽  
Omar Abd Elsamie El-Shhaby
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Maximum Content ◽  
Β Carotene

Medicinal plants are leading source of phytochemicals. A pot experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various water regimes (33, 67 and 100% watering) on the ability of alfalfa plants grown in soils with different texture (33, 67 and 100% sand) to synthesize phenolics, non-photosynthetic pigments, vitamins and minerals. Under drought, the amount of total phenols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids increased with the maximum content of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids recorded for plants in soil with 67% sand. For saponins, 33% sand caused the highest values, while alkaloids increased with increasing sand proportion. Water stress also increased the amount of anthocyanins, lycopene and β-carotene. With adequate irrigation, soil with 33% sand caused the highest amount of these pigments while under drought; their values fluctuated among the three soil types. Moreover, the amount of vitamin C, B1 and B2 increased under water deficit; and their amount increased with increasing sand. Furthermore, the amount of sodium, potassium and calcium increased with drought; while the reverse was recorded for magnesium and phosphorus with the maximum titers of all the addressed elements in plants grown in 100% sand. Thence, little water availability may be an efficient technique invigorating alfalfa medicinal efficacy.

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Exotic Fruits and Commercial Frozen Pulps from Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Genovese ◽  
M. Da Silva Pinto ◽  
A.E. De Souza Schmidt Gonçalves ◽  
F.M. Lajolo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Scavenging Capacity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Exotic Fruits ◽  
Β Carotene

The objective of this work was to characterize exotic fruits (cambuci, araça-boi, camu-camu, jaracatia, araça) and commercial frozen pulps (araça, cambuci, umbu, coquinho, pana, native passion fruit, cagaita) from Brazil in relation to their bioactive compounds contents and antioxidant capacity. Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) presented the highest vitamin C and total phenolics contents (397 and 1797 mg/100 gf.w., respectively) and the highest DPPH• scavenging capacity. Coquinho (Butia capitata) also showed a significant vitamin C content (43 mg/100 gf.w.). Among the commercial frozen pulps, cagaita presented the higher DPPH scavenging activity and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching. A good correlation between total phenols and DPPH scavenging activity was found for fruits (r = 0.997) and commercial frozen pulps (r = 0.738). However, no correlation was found for total phenols and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching. Quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were the main flavonoids present in all samples and cyanidin derivatives were detected only in camu-camu. Camu-camu and araça (Psidium guineensis) showed the highest total ellagic acid contents (48 and 63.5 mg/100 gf.w.). All commercial frozen pulps presented lower contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity than their respective fruits. According to our results, camu-camu and araça might be sources of bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Impact of organic or conventional cultivation and drying method on phenolic compounds, carotenoids and vitamin C contents in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 360-372
Author(s):  
Christophe Dabiré ◽  
Abdoulaye Sérémé ◽  
Abdoudramane Sanou ◽  
Virginie Marie Dakéné ◽  
W. D. B. Aimée Guissou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

Nowadays, organic foods are recognized for having a better nutritional quality than those from conventional agriculture, which explains the growing demand for organic vegetables. For the present research, three tomato cultivars, Mongal F1, Roma VF and F1 Cobra 26 were grown using conventional and organic methods, to assess the impact of cultivation practices and drying method on the micronutrient content of these cultivars. Samples were compared for micronutrient content of lycopene, β-carotene, flavonoids, vitamin C and total content of phenolic compounds using the FRAP and DPPH methods. The results show a high antioxidant activity (5901.338 mmol TE/100g and 6020.545 mmol TE/100g) and a high content of total polyphenols (1595.046 mg EAG/100g DM) for organic growing. The average contents of flavonoids (121.572 mg/100g DM and 129.053 mg/100g DM), β-carotene (39.618 mg/100g DM and 39.751 mg/100g DM), lycopene (169.739 mg/100g DM and 168.894 mg/100g DM) and vitamin C (301.995 mg/100g and 268.252 mg/100g DM) in tomatoes from organic and conventional cultivation show no statistically significant difference. After drying, results report an increase of 188.88% of Flavonoids content (from 62.413 ± 47.285 for mashed tomato to 180.304 ± 72.152 for dried Tomato); a decrease of 34.60%, 27.18% and 47.95% respectively for β-carotene content (from 47.388 ± 1.615 mg /100g DM for mashed tomato to 30.988 ± 0.767 mg /100g DM for dried tomato), lycopene content (from 188.085 ± 7.100 mg/100g DM for mashed tomato to 136.955 ± 2.810mg/100g DM for tomato dried) and vitamin C content (from 385.686 ± 37.825 mg/100g for mashed tomato to 200.743 ± 14.181mg/100g DM for dried tomato). There is variability in the micronutrient content depending on the variety of tomato, the cultivation practice and the processing technique used. Organic cultivation practice improves the micronutrient content. Using gas dryers for drying has the most detrimental effects on the micronutrient content.

Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽  
Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽  
Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽  
Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Immediate Bond Strength to Bleached Enamel Following Application of Various Antioxidant Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 084-089
Author(s):  
Alisha Dhingra ◽  
Ashu Gupta ◽  
Anshu Minocha ◽  
Nayantara Sen
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the reversal of shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel immediately after bleaching followed by application of various antioxidant solutions. Material and Methods: Seventy central incisors were divided into seven groups. Groups I and II served as unbleached and bleached controls respectively. Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII served as the experimental groups and were subjected to 37.5% hydrogen peroxide bleaching followed by 10 min application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 25% alpha-tocopherol, 6.5% grape seed extract, 5% lycopene and 5% green tea extract respectively. Following composite bonding, shear bond strength was determined and the results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Results: The bond strength values for Group I (positive control) were maximum and significantly different than all the other groups except Grape seed extract group (Group V). When compared to Group II (bleached control), all the groups showed significantly higher bond strength. Significant difference in the bond strength values were seen between Group III (10% sodium ascorbate) and Group V. Also values for Group V were significantly different from Group VI (5% lycopene). All the other values showed insignificantly different results. Conclusion: All the antioxidant solutions improved the shear bond strength values after bleaching but only Grape seed extract application reversed the values to the non bleached levels. Lycopene was least effective. Other antioxidants showed comparable results.

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