Association of Dietary Patterns with MRI Markers of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in the MAST4HEALTH Study

Whereas the etiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is complex, the role of nutrition as a causing and preventive factor is not fully explored. The aim of this study is to associate dietary patterns with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in a European population (Greece, Italy, and Serbia) affected by NAFLD. For the first time, iron-corrected T1 (cT1), proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and the liver inflammation fibrosis score (LIF) were examined in relation to diet. A total of 97 obese patients with NAFLD from the MAST4HEALTH study were included in the analysis. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the quality of diet and food combinations. Other variables investigated include anthropometric measurements, total type 2 diabetes risk, physical activity level (PAL), and smoking status. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify dietary patterns. Six dietary patterns were identified, namely “High-Sugar”, “Prudent”, “Western”, “High-Fat and Salt”, “Plant-Based”, and “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry”. The “Western” pattern was positively associated with cT1 in the unadjusted model (beta: 0.020, p-value: 0.025) and even after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), PAL, smoking, the center of the study, and the other five dietary patterns (beta: 0.024, p-value: 0.020). On the contrary, compared with low-intake patients, those with medium intake of the “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry” pattern were associated with lower values of cT1, PDFF, and LIF. However, patients with a “Low-Fat Dairy and Poultry” dietary pattern were negatively associated with MRI parameters (cT1: beta: −0.052, p-value: 0.046, PDFF: beta: −0.448, p-value: 0.030, LIF: beta: −0.408, p-value: 0.025). Our findings indicate several associations between MRI parameters and dietary patterns in NAFLD patients, highlighting the importance of diet in NAFLD.

Download Full-text

Associations Between Data Driven Dietary Patterns at Age 71 and the Prevalence of Sarcopenia 16 Years Later: A Cohort Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 421-421

Author(s):

Mikael Karlsson ◽

Wulf Becker ◽

Tommy Cederholm ◽

Liisa Byberg

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fermented Milk ◽

Activity Level ◽

Data Driven ◽

Food Record ◽

European Working ◽

High Adherence

Abstract Objectives Unlike physical activity, the role of diet in sarcopenia is unclear, and studies have predominantly focused on effects of single nutrients. Therefore, we assessed the associations between adherences to data driven dietary patterns (DPs), and the prevalence of sarcopenia (and its constituents) 16 years later. Methods Four DPs were defined using principal component analysis based on information from a 7-day food record retrieved from 1133 men (average age 71 years) in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. Associations of each DP with sarcopenia 16 years later (defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; EWGSOP2) were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression (n = 257). Associations of each DP with muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance 16 years later were analyzed using multivariable linear regression. We applied two models when adjusting for potential confounders: one unadjusted for potential confounders and one adjusted for age at baseline, follow-up period, reported energy intake at baseline, education, physical activity level at baseline, smoking, morbidity at baseline and BMI at baseline. Results The prevalence of sarcopenia at follow-up was 19% (50/257). Associations were largely non-linear and DPs were categorized into low, medium and high adherence. Compared to low adherence, medium and high adherence to DP2 (i.e., vegetables, green salad, fruit, poultry, rice and pasta) was associated with lower odds ratio (OR) of sarcopenia; adjusted ORs: 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.98) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.17–0.94), respectively. There was a tendency that a higher adherence to a DP mainly characterized by a consumption of potato, meat and egg, and low consumption of fermented milk (DP4) was associated with higher prevalence of sarcopenia (low vs high adherences; adjusted OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 0.67 - 3.87). The other DPs displayed no clear associations. The analyses of DPs in relation to the individual sarcopenia constituents indicated no clear associations. Conclusions Dietary patterns may be a contributing modifiable cause of sarcopenia. Funding Sources The Uppsala Geriatric Foundation and the Region Örebro County supported this work.

Download Full-text

Identification of hub genes and pathways in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by integrated bioinformatics analysis

10.1101/2021.09.10.459743 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pegah Einaliyan ◽

Ali Owfi ◽

Mohammadamin Mahmanzar ◽

Taha Aghajanzadeh ◽

Morteza Hadizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Principal Component ◽

Gene Expression Omnibus ◽

P Value ◽

Protein Protein Interactions ◽

Hub Genes ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Critical Pathways

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. Forecasting the short-term, up to 2025, NASH due to fibrosis is one of the leading causes of liver transplantation. Cohort studies revealed that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has a higher risk of fibrosis progression among NAFLD patients. Identifying differentially expressed genes helps to determine NASH pathogenic pathways, make more accurate diagnoses, and prescribe appropriate treatment.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we found 11 NASH datasets by searching in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Subsequently, NASH datasets with low-quality control scores were excluded. Four datasets were analyzed with packages of R/Bioconductor. Then, all integrated genes were Imported into Cytoscape to illustrate the protein-protein interactions network. All hubs and nodes degree has been calculated to determine the hub genes with critical roles in networks.Possible correlations between expression profiles of mutual DEGs were identified employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Primary analyzed data were filtered based on gene expression (logFC > 1, logFC < −1) and adj-P-value (<0.05). Ultimately, among 379 DEGs, we selected the top 10 genes (MYC, JUN, EGR1, FOS, CCL2, IL1B, CXCL8, PTGS2, IL6, SERPINE1) as candidates among up and down regulated genes, and critical pathways such as IL-6, IL-17, TGF β, and TNFα were identified.ConclusionThe present study suggests an important DEGs, biological processes, and critical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NASH disease. Further investigations are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms underlying the development and progression of NASH disease.

Download Full-text

Is the Proteome of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Extracellular Vesicles a Marker of Advanced Lung Cancer?

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12113450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3450

Author(s):

Ana Sofia Carvalho ◽

Maria Carolina Strano Moraes ◽

Chan Hyun Na ◽

Ivo Fierro-Monti ◽

Andreia Henriques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Extracellular Vesicle ◽

Advanced Lung Cancer ◽

P Value ◽

Proteomics Data

Acellular bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) proteomics can partially separate lung cancer from non-lung cancer patients based on principal component analysis and multivariate analysis. Furthermore, the variance in the proteomics data sets is correlated mainly with lung cancer status and, to a lesser extent, smoking status and gender. Despite these advances BAL small and large extracellular vehicles (EVs) proteomes reveal aberrant protein expression in paracrine signaling mechanisms in cancer initiation and progression. We consequently present a case-control study of 24 bronchoalveolar lavage extracellular vesicle samples which were analyzed by state-of-the-art liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We obtained evidence that BAL EVs proteome complexity correlated with lung cancer stage 4 and mortality within two years´ follow-up (p value = 0.006). The potential therapeutic target DNMT3B complex is significantly up-regulated in tumor tissue and BAL EVs. The computational analysis of the immune and fibroblast cell markers in EVs suggests that patients who deceased within the follow-up period display higher marker expression indicative of innate immune and fibroblast cells (four out of five cases). This study provides insights into the proteome content of BAL EVs and their correlation to clinical outcomes.

Download Full-text

Isocaloric Substitution of Dietary Carbohydrate Intake with Fat Intake and MRI-Determined Total Volumes of Visceral, Subcutaneous and Hepatic Fat Content in Middle-Aged Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11051151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christa Meisinger ◽

Susanne Rospleszcz ◽

Elke Wintermeyer ◽

Roberto Lorbeer ◽

Barbara Thorand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Content ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Proton Density ◽

P Value ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Hepatic Fat ◽

Total Fat ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

The present study investigated the association of carbohydrate intake and isocaloric substitution with different types of fat with visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and hepatic fat content as determined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data from 283 participants (mean age 56.1 ± 9.0 years) from the MRI sub study of the KORA FF4 study were included. VAT, SAT and total body fat were quantified by a volume-interpolated VIBE-T1w-Dixon MR sequence. Hepatic fat content was determined as the proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) derived from multiecho-T1w MR sequence. Dietary intake was estimated using information provided by two different instruments, that is, repeated 24-h food lists and a food frequency questionnaire. Replacing total carbohydrates with an isoenergetic amount of total fat was significantly positively associated with VAT and hepatic fat, while there was no significant association with SAT. The multivariable adjusted β-coefficient for replacing 5% of total energy (5E%) carbohydrates with total fat was 0.42 L (95% CI: 0.04, 0.79) for VAT. A substitution in total fat intake by 5E% was associated with a significant increase in liver fat content by 23% (p-value 0.004). If reproduced in prospective studies, such findings would strongly argue for limiting dietary fat intake.

Download Full-text

The Associations of Dietary Iron, Zinc and Magnesium with Metabolic Syndrome in China’s Mega Cities

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030659 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 659

Author(s):

Zhenni Zhu ◽

Yuna He ◽

Fan Wu ◽

Liyun Zhao ◽

Chunfeng Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Positive Association ◽

Activity Level ◽

P Value ◽

Dietary Iron ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Hierarchical Logistic Regression ◽

Mega Cities

Background: Iron, zinc and magnesium perform differently in body metabolism but exist in similar food. This study was to evaluate the associations of dietary iron, zinc and magnesium with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: A sample of a total of 5323 participants from four of China’s mega cities was included in the current study. Both a 3-day 24-h dietary recall and household condiment weighing were applied to assess dietary intake, respectively. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of dietary iron, zinc and magnesium with MetS. Results: After adjusting for age, sex, region, years of education, physical activity level, intended physical exercises, smoking status, alcohol use, daily energy intake and mutual adjustment for dietary iron, zinc and magnesium, significant positive trends were found across quartiles of total dietary iron and the risk of MetS, as well as for magnesium and MetS (p value for trends = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively); dietary zinc was inversely associated with MetS risk (p value for trend < 0.01). Magnesium from grains and potato was positively associated with MetS (p value for trend < 0.01). Conclusions: Dietary iron and magnesium were positively associated with the risk of MetS, while zinc was inversely associated with the risk of MetS, in China’s mega cities. The positive association of magnesium with MetS could be a result confounding by other factors correlated with magnesium in grains and potato, which warrants further study.

Download Full-text

Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in Children

10.21203/rs.2.24033/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elham Shareghfarid ◽

Amin Salehi-Abargouei ◽

Hamid Mirhoseini ◽

Masoud Mirzaei ◽

Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Principal Component ◽

Behavioral Disorder ◽

Low Fat ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is the most common chronic mental and behavioral disorder among children. We aimed to derive major dietary patterns in relation with ADHD through a case-control study. Participants were selected from age-gender matched children and adolescents who were categorized into case (n = 120) and control groups (n = 240). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition was used to diagnose ADHD. Food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis were used to measure food intake and identify major dietary patterns, respectively. The snack-fast food dietary pattern significantly increased odds of ADHD in fully adjusted model (odds ratio [OR], 3.30; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.39-7.84; P for trend < 0.001). Fish and low fat dairy products dietary pattern is protectively associated with ADHD (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.91; P for trend = 0.02). Vegetable and nut dietary pattern showed no significant relation with possibility of ADHD (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.40-1.90; P for trend = 0.53). Children are suggested to reduce intake of snack and fast food dietary pattern and increase fish and low fat dairy products, and legumes to reduce the chance of ADHD.

Download Full-text

Dietary Patterns, Blood Pressure and the Glycemic and Lipidemic Profile of Two Teenage, European Populations

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Maria Kafyra ◽

Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati ◽

Satish Kumar ◽

Maria Spyridoula Kontoe ◽

Christine Masson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Family Study ◽

Principal Component ◽

P Value ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

European Populations

The present study sought to retrospectively investigate the dietary habits of two adolescent, European populations from the cross-sectional Greek TEENAGE Study and French STANISLAS Family Study. We aimed to explore the relation between the populations’ dietary patterns and blood pressure, glycemic and lipidemic profile. Dietary patterns were extracted via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), based on data collected from two 24 h dietary recalls for the TEENAGE study and a 3-day food consumption diary for the STANISLAS study. Multiple linear regressions and mixed models analyses, adjusting for confounding factors, were employed to investigate potential associations. A total of 766 Greek teenagers and 287 French teenagers, were included in analyses. Five dietary patterns were extracted for each population accounting for 49.35% and 46.69% of their respective total variance, with similarities regarding the consumption of specific food groups (i.e., western-type foods). In the TEENAGE Study, the “chicken and sugars” pattern was associated with lower CRP levels, after adjusting for confounding factors (p-value < 0.01). The “high protein and animal fat” dietary pattern of the STANISLAS Family Study was related to higher BMI (p-value < 0.01) and higher triglycerides levels (p-value < 0.01). Our findings summarize the dietary habits of two teenage, European populations and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Download Full-text

Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns and Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) in Children

10.21203/rs.3.rs-106962/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elham Shareghfarid ◽

Amin Salehi-Abargouei ◽

Hamid Mirhoseini ◽

Masoud Mirzaei ◽

Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Fast Food ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Principal Component ◽

Behavioral Disorder ◽

Low Fat ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is the most common chronic mental and behavioral disorder among children. We aimed to derive major dietary patterns in relation with ADHD through a case-control study. Method: Participants were selected from age-gender matched children and adolescents who were categorized into case (n = 120) and control groups (n = 240). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition was used to diagnose ADHD. Food frequency questionnaire and principal component analysis were used to measure food intake and identify major dietary patterns, respectively. Results: Three major dietary patterns were identified: Factor 1, with high loads of snack, fast foods, refined grains, and sweetened beverages was labeled “snack-fast food” dietary pattern. Factor 2, with high loadings of fish, low fat dairy, and legumes was tagged “fish-low fat dairy” dietary pattern. Factor 3, with high positive loads of yellow-red vegetables, other vegetables, pickles, and nuts, but high negative loadings for refined grain and sweets was named “vegetable-nuts” dietary pattern. The snack-fast food dietary pattern significantly increased odds of ADHD in fully adjusted model (odds ratio [OR], 3.30; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.39-7.84; P for trend < 0.001). Fish and low fat dairy products dietary pattern is protectively associated with ADHD (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.91; P for trend = 0.02). Vegetable and nut dietary pattern showed no significant relation with possibility of ADHD (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.40-1.90; P for trend = 0.53). Conclusions: Children are suggested to reduce intake of snack and fast food dietary pattern and increase fish and low fat dairy products, and legumes to reduce the chance of ADHD.

Download Full-text

Identification and reproducibility of dietary patterns in a Danish cohort: the Inter99 study

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507837494 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 1089-1098 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Cathrine Lau ◽

Charlotte Glümer ◽

Ulla Toft ◽

Inge Tetens ◽

Bendix Carstensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Adult Population ◽

Principal Component ◽

Population Based ◽

Food Groups ◽

Low Fat ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Traditional Pattern

We aimed to identify dietary patterns in a Danish adult population and assess the reproducibility of the dietary patterns identified. Baseline data of 3372 women and 3191 men (30–60 years old) from the population-based survey Inter99 was used. Food intake, assessed by a FFQ, was aggregated into thirty-four separate food groups. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis and Bland Altman plots were used to assess the reproducibility of the dietary patterns identified. The Bland Altman plots were used as an alternative and new method. Two factors were retained for both women and men, which accounted for 15·1–17·4 % of the total variation. The ‘Traditional’ pattern was characterised by high loadings ( ≥ 0·40) on paté or high-fat meat for sandwiches, mayonnaise salads, red meat, potatoes, butter and lard, low-fat fish, low-fat meat for sandwiches, and sauces. The ‘Modern’ pattern was characterised by high loadings on vegetables, fruit, mixed vegetable dishes, vegetable oil and vinegar dressing, poultry, and pasta, rice and wheat kernels. Small differences were observed between patterns identified for women and men. The root mean square error approximation from the confirmatory factor analysis was 0·08. The variation observed from the Bland Altman plots of factors from explorativev. confirmative analyses and explorative analyses from two sub-samples was between 18·8 and 47·7 %. Pearson's correlation was >0·89 (P < 0·0001). The reproducibility was better for women than for men. We conclude that the ‘Traditional’ and ‘Modern’ dietary patterns identified were reproducible.

Download Full-text

Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000685 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hossein Shahinfar ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Nadia Babaei ◽

Samira Davarzani ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Sample ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

Download Full-text