scholarly journals Interpretation of Fiber Supplementation on Offspring Testicular Development in a Pregnant Sow Model from a Proteomics Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lin ◽  
Lujie Li ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Dongqin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Valuable Insight

To study the effects of maternal fiber supplementation during pregnancy on the testicular development of male offspring and its possible mechanisms, 36 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were allocated to either a control diet (n = 18) or a fiber diet (the control diet supplemented with 22.60 g/kg inulin and 181.60 g/kg cellulosic; n = 18) during pregnancy. The body and testes weight of the offspring, 7-day-old piglets, was recorded. Testes were collected for further analyses. Results showed that the testicular organ index and the number of spermatogonia in single seminiferous tubule were higher in piglets from the fiber group than from the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of glucose, lactate, and lipids in the testes was found in the fiber group (p < 0.05). Proteomic analysis suggested that there were notable differences in glucolipid transport and metabolism, oxidation, and male reproduction-related proteins expression between the two groups (p < 0.05). Results revealed that the most enriched signaling pathways in the fiber group testes included starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the renin-angiotensin system. mRNA expression analyzes further confirmed the importance of some signaling pathways in maternal fiber nutrition regulating offspring testicular development. Our results shed new light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of maternal fiber nutrition on offspring testicular development and provided a valuable insight for future explorations of the effect of maternal fiber nutrition on man reproduction.

scholarly journals Diquat Determines a Deregulation of lncRNA and mRNA Expression in the Liver of Postweaned Piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Zhi-xin Li ◽  
Dan-dan Yang ◽  
Pei-qi Liu ◽  
Zhi-qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Go Terms ◽  
Porcine Hepatocytes

Oxidative stress is detrimental to animals and can depress the growth performance and regulate the gene expression of animals. However, it remains unclear how oxidative stress regulates the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to explore the profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the liver of piglets under oxidative stress. Here, we constructed a piglet oxidative stress model induced by diquat and evaluated the effects of oxidative stress on the growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activity of piglets. We also used RNA-Seq to examine the global expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in piglets under oxidative stress. The targets of lncRNAs and mRNAs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and signaling pathways. The results show that the growth performance and activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased in piglets under oxidative stress. Moreover, eight lncRNAs (6 upregulated and 2 downregulated) and 30 mRNAs (8 upregulated and 22 downregulated) were differentially expressed in the oxidative stress group of piglets compared to the negative control group. According to biological processes in enriched GO terms, the oxoacid metabolic process, intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, and oxidation-reduction process play important roles in oxidative stress. Pathway analysis showed that the signaling pathways involved in insulin and glucose metabolism had a close relationship with oxidative stress. Furtherin vitroexperiments showed that the expression of the upregulated geneGNMTwas significantly increased in primary porcine hepatocytes after diquat stimulation. In contrast, the level of the downregulated geneGCKwas significantly decreased at 12 h in primary porcine hepatocytes after diquat stimulation. Our results expand our knowledge of the lncRNAs and mRNAs transcribed in the livers of piglets under oxidative stress and provide a basis for future research on the molecular mechanisms mediating oxidative stress and tissue damage.

scholarly journals A Method to Increase the Viability of Cyprinus Carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) Stocking of the Aquatories Under the Influence Advanced Biotechnologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Olena Honcharova ◽  
Pavlo Kutishchev ◽  
Yevgen Korzhov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food

This research investigated Spirulina Platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Artemia salina as additional sources of protein and biologically active substances that affect the parameters of the carp body. Additional addition of carp to the diet in the ratio: Spirulina Platensis - 40%, Chlorella vulgaris - 30% and Artemia salina - 30% made an impact on the parameters of carp development. The components were cultured in a bioreactor built into a recirculating aquaculture system. The results showed that after additional feeding of carp with the indicated components, the body weight of one-year carp was higher than the control group by 8.9%, and safety by 3.4%. Body weight two year carp was greater in the experimental group than in the group where the fish ate the total diet. The difference was 12.1% in body weight and 2.9% in safety. These parameters were significantly lower in fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). This scientific work has demonstrated the additional use of natural food as a method for improving the blood composition of carp: an increase in hemoglobin by 15.5% (P<0.05), erythrocytes by 5.5% in comparison with the control group. Indicators of gas-discharge visualization of a biological object supplemented the obtained result.

scholarly journals Effect of nerve growth factor on the proliferation in newborn bovine testicular Sertoli cells

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-415
Author(s):  
Qiaoge Niu ◽  
Maosheng Cao ◽  
Chenfeng Yuan ◽  
Yuwen Huang ◽  
Zijiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
And Function

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been proved to play important roles in male reproductive physiology, but the molecular mechanisms of NGF action remain unclear. In this study, the effects of NGF on the growth of newborn bovine testicular Sertoli (NBS) cells and the related signaling pathways were investigated. The NBS cells were treated in vitro with NGF (100 ng/mL) for 18 h. The expression levels of cell proliferation related genes, INHBB, and cytoplasmic specialization related gene were determined using real-time PCR and Western blot. The roles of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways in NGF-induced cell proliferation were investigated. It was found that NGF regulates proliferation and function of NBS cells via its receptor NTRK1 by activating the PI3K/ATK and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. The study will help to further understand the role of NGF in male reproduction and provide new therapeutic targets for reproductive dysfunctions in male animals.

scholarly journals Perfil hematobioquímico e produção de leite de vacas mestiças Girolando suplementadas com resíduo de caju desidratado

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leison Rocha Bezerra ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira ◽  
Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo Silva ◽  
Geraldo Fábio Viana Bayão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

<p>This paper aims to evaluate the influence of different levels of supplemental product-dehydrated cashew in the feed for crossbred Girolando cows on milk production and hemato-biochemical profile. The experiments were conducted using eight cows that were randomly distributed in a Latin square design (4×4), in which treatments consisted of four supplementation levels with product-dehydrated cashew (PDC) in animal diets, namely: 0% PDC (control diet), 1.0 kg of DCP, 1.5 kg of PDC and 2.0 kg of PDC in total dry matter . The milk and animals were weighed and the body condition of the animals were evaluated within seven days of milk collection during each experimental period. To determine the serum biochemistry and blood count of cows, three blood samples were taken in each period, at 7, 14 and 21 days before the daily supply of supplementation with samples collected from 5 ml of blood by puncturing the jugular vein. Supplementation with 2 kg of PDC reduced milk production and the levels of glucose and total plasma protein compared to the control group, due to the higher level of tannin in this group. Supplementation with PDC raised the total count of the erythrocytes, reduced the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and non-changed number of leukocytes. Increased levels of phenolic compounds in the diet inhibited the absorption of dietary proteins, which decreased milk production.</p>

scholarly journals Proteome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Antioxidant Mechanism in Chicken Regulated by Eucalyptus Leaf Polyphenols Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Ze-qi He ◽  
Xiao-Ying Zhang ◽  
Yun-Jiao Chen ◽  
Jian-Jun Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Mda Content

Eucalyptus leaf polyphenols extract (EPE) has been proved to have various bioactivities, but few reports focus on its antioxidant mechanism in vivo. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect and mechanism of EPE dietary supplements on antioxidant capacity in chicken. A total of 216 chickens were randomly selected for a 40-day experiment. Four treatment groups received diets including the control diet only, the control diet + low EPE (0.6 g/kg), the control diet + moderate EPE (0.9 g/kg), and the control diet + high EPE (1.2 g/kg). Compared with control group, the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in the breast muscle of the moderate EPE treatment group was significantly higher (p<0.05), while the malonaldehyde (MDA) content in the moderate EPE group was reduced (p<0.05). Moreover, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of the breast muscle revealed that glutathione metabolism and the peroxisome were the two crucial metabolic pathways responsible for increased antioxidant capacity of the muscle. Accordingly, nine candidate genes and two candidate proteins were identified related to improved antioxidant status induced by EPE supplements. This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of antioxidant capacity in chickens treated with EPE dietary supplements.

scholarly journals Specification and Patterning of Drosophila Appendages

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Ruiz-Losada ◽  
David Blom-Dahl ◽  
Sergio Córdoba ◽  
Carlos Estella
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Imaginal Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Environment Exploration ◽  
Larva Development

Appendages are external projections of the body that serve the animal for locomotion, feeding, or environment exploration. The appendages of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are derived from the imaginal discs, epithelial sac-like structures specified in the embryo that grow and pattern during larva development. In the last decades, genetic and developmental studies in the fruit fly have provided extensive knowledge regarding the mechanisms that direct the formation of the appendages. Importantly, many of the signaling pathways and patterning genes identified and characterized in Drosophila have similar functions during vertebrate appendage development. In this review, we will summarize the genetic and molecular mechanisms that lead to the specification of appendage primordia in the embryo and their posterior patterning during imaginal disc development. The identification of the regulatory logic underlying appendage specification in Drosophila suggests that the evolutionary origin of the insect wing is, in part, related to the development of ventral appendages.

scholarly journals The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the appearance and progression of renal cell carcinoma: a literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
M. I. Kogan ◽  
Z. M. Akhokhov ◽  
E. A. Chernogubova ◽  
A. A. Gusev ◽  
Z. Kh. Oitova
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common forms of malignant epithelial tumors of this localization. The development of new approaches to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of RCC is an topical issue of molecular medicine. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is not only an important component of the central and humoral mechanisms of controlling blood pressure and hydroelectrolytic balance, but also refers to the body systems involved in complex carcinogenesis pathways. Researches on the role of RAS in tumor progression are currently the priority. The data on the role of RAS in the development and progression of malignant tumors in the kidneys are being discussed. In this article, we present an overview of data on the role of RAS in the emergence and development of RCC, an analysis of the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of RCC, the prospects for using indicators of the RAS: angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), ACE2 and angiotensin II receptors as markers of diagnosis and monitoring of neoplastic transformation processes in the kidney. The prospects for the use of new, effective anticancer drugs with a targeted effect on definite indicators of the RAS of RCC were analyzed.

scholarly journals Early emergence of axons and formation of accessory nerve (XI) in avian embryos

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque ◽  
Azimul Haque ◽  
Qin Pu ◽  
Ruijin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Effect

A research work was undertaken to evaluate the feeding effect of tree forages on performance of growing sheep. Twenty growing sheep (in 4 groups) were fed three different tree forage diets. Tree forages Melia azardirachta, Leucaena leucocephala and Artocarpus heterophyllus were supplied in three treatments except one consisted no tree forages which was considered as control. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the animal groups in terms of total DM and ME intake, although there were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, OM, CP and ADF. Feeding of tree forages had significant (p<0.05) effect on live weight gain of sheep. Animals fed with tree forage based diets significantly increased weight gain (60.70 and 50.70 g/d for L. leucocephala and A. heterophyllus, respectively) compared to that (45.66 g/d) of control group fed with silage. Feed conversion efficiency (kg feed/kg gain) also showed that animals fed with tree forage of L. leucocephala and M. azardirachta based diets were having significantly (p<0.05) higher efficiency (11.33 and 11.47, respectively) compared to those of A. heterophyllus and control diet (13.77 and 13.33, respectively). The results of nitrogen balance of M. azardirachta and L. leucocephala tree forage had significantly (p<0.05) positive effect on the nitrogen retention in the body of the animals. Intake of all the tree forages was not similar which indicated that all of them were not accepted to the lamb in same level. So, diets with tree forages of L. leucocephala resulted better in terms of weight gain, digestibility and nitrogen balance compared to A. heterophyllu, M. azardirachta and silage (control).Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 654-659

scholarly journals Metabolic Regulation of Stem Cells in Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Keller ◽  
Tyus Temple ◽  
Behnam Sayanjali ◽  
Maria M. Mihaylova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Dietary Interventions

AbstractPurpose of ReviewFrom invertebrates to vertebrates, the ability to sense nutrient availability is critical for survival. Complex organisms have evolved numerous signaling pathways to sense nutrients and dietary fluctuations, which influence many cellular processes. Although both overabundance and extreme depletion of nutrients can lead to deleterious effects, dietary restriction without malnutrition can increase lifespan and promote overall health in many model organisms. In this review, we focus on age-dependent changes in stem cell metabolism and dietary interventions used to modulate stem cell function in aging.Recent FindingsOver the last half-century, seminal studies have illustrated that dietary restriction confers beneficial effects on longevity in many model organisms. Many researchers have now turned to dissecting the molecular mechanisms by which these diets affect aging at the cellular level. One subpopulation of cells of particular interest are adult stem cells, the most regenerative cells of the body. It is generally accepted that the regenerative capacity of stem cells declines with age, and while the metabolic requirements of each vary across tissues, the ability of dietary interventions to influence stem cell function is striking.SummaryIn this review, we will focus primarily on how metabolism plays a role in adult stem cell homeostasis with respect to aging, with particular emphasis on intestinal stem cells while also touching on hematopoietic, skeletal muscle, and neural stem cells. We will also discuss key metabolic signaling pathways influenced by both dietary restriction and the aging process, and will examine their role in improving tissue homeostasis and lifespan. Understanding the mechanisms behind the metabolic needs of stem cells will help bridge the divide between a basic science interpretation of stem cell function and a whole-organism view of nutrition, thereby providing insight into potential dietary or therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals UTRN inhibits melanoma growth by suppressing p38 and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitong Zhou ◽  
Wen Ouyang ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Lexi Liao ◽  
Xiaobing Pi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proliferation Ability ◽  
Melanoma Growth

Abstract Background Utrophin (UTRN), as a tumor suppressor gene, is involved in various cancer progression. The function of UTRN in the melanoma process and the related molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, we studied the function of UTRN in melanoma growth and the relevant molecular mechanisms. Methods Using the GEO database and UCSC Xena project, we compared the expression of UTRN in non-cancerous and melanoma tissues. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, qRT-PCR and Western Blot (WB) were performed to evaluate UTRN expression in clinical samples. A total of 447 cases with UTRN expression data, patient characteristics and survival data were extracted from TCGA database and analyzed. After stable transduction and single cell cloning, the proliferation ability of A375 human melanoma cells was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK) and 5‑ethynyl‑2′‑deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assays. GSEA was performed to predict the mechanism by which UTRN regulated melanoma growth. Then WB analysis was used to assess the protein expression levels of pathway signaling in overexpression (EXP) melanoma cells. Epac activator 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP was then used to evaluate the proliferation ability by activation of p38 and JNK/c-Jun signaling pathways. Results Data from GEO and UCSC Xena project indicated that UTRN expression was decreased in melanoma. Experiment on clinical samples further confirmed our finding. TCGA results showed that a reduced expression of UTRN in 447 melanoma samples was associated with advanced clinical characteristics (T stage, Clark level, ulceration), shorter survival time and poorer prognosis. In addition, up-regulated UTRN expression inhibited melanoma cell proliferation when compared to control group. MAPK signaling pathway was presented in both KEGG and BioCarta databases by using GSEA tool. WB results confirmed the down-regulated expression of p38, JNK1 and c-Jun in EXP group when compared to control group. Epac activator 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP treatment could partially rescue proliferation of tumor cells. Conclusion We have demonstrated that reduced UTRN predicted poorer prognosis and UTRN inhibited melanoma growth via p38 and JNK1/c-Jun pathways. Therefore, UTRN could serve as a tumor suppressor and novel prognostic biomarker for melanoma patients.

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