Blue Light Improves Photosynthetic Performance during Healing and Acclimatization of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings

To investigate the importance of light on healing and acclimatization, in the present study, grafted watermelon seedlings were exposed to darkness (D) or light, provided by blue (B), red (R), a mixture of R (68%) and B (RB), or white (W; 35% B, 49% intermediate spectra, 16% R) LEDs for 12 days. Survival ratio, root and shoot growth, soluble carbohydrate content, photosynthetic pigments content, and photosynthetic performance were evaluated. Seedling survival was not only strongly limited in D but the survived seedlings had an inferior shoot and root development, reduced chlorophyll content, and attenuated photosynthetic efficiency. RB-exposed seedlings had a less-developed root system. R-exposed seedlings showed leaf epinasty, and had the smallest leaf area, reduced chlorophyll content, and suppressed photosynthetic apparatus performance. The R-exposed seedlings contained the highest amount of soluble carbohydrate and together with D-exposed seedlings the lowest amount of chlorophyll in their scions. B-exposed seedlings showed the highest chlorophyll content and improved overall PSII photosynthetic functioning. W-exposed seedling had the largest leaf area, and closely resembled the photosynthetic properties of RB-exposed seedlings. We assume that, during healing of grafted seedlings monochromatic R light should be avoided. Instead, W and monochromatic B light may be willingly adopted due to their promoting effect on shoot, pigments content, and photosynthetic efficiency.

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Cold Tolerance of the Photosynthetic Apparatus: Pleiotropic Relationship between Photosynthetic Performance and Specific Leaf Area of Maize Seedlings

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-005-1642-7 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 321-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Andreas Hund ◽

Elisabetta Frascaroli ◽

Jörg Leipner ◽

Choosak Jompuk ◽

Peter Stamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Cold Tolerance ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Maize Seedlings

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Mulch Types Affect Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Strawberry Genotypes

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.636 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 636-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Shiow Y. Wang ◽

Gene J. Galletta ◽

Mary J. Camp ◽

Michael J. Kasperbauer

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

General Tendency ◽

Glucose Content ◽

Crown Roots ◽

Polyethylene Mulch

The influence of mulch types (black polyethylene, red polyethylene, and straw-vetch in raised bed hill culture) on the chemical composition of `Northeaster' and `Primetime' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) fruit and plant parts was evaluated. Ascorbic acid (AA), malic acid, citric acid, and ellagic acid levels were higher in `Primetime' than in `Northeaster' fruits, while `Northeaster' had a higher soluble solids content (SSC). Fruit grown on straw-vetch had lower SSC than did those grown on the polyethylene mulches. The AA content in the fruit of either cultivar was not affected by the mulch treatment. Fruit grown on the straw-vetch mulch had less red surface and flesh color but higher pigment intensity than fruit grown on the polyethylene mulches. Strawberry plants grown on straw-vetch mulch had the largest leaf area and the highest chlorophyll content, while plants grown on red polyethylene mulch had the smallest leaf area and lowest chlorophyll content. There were significant mulch × cultivar interactions in fruit titratable acid (TA) and AA levels, sugars, citric and ellagic acid contents, leaf area and chlorophyll levels, and soluble carbohydrate and starch contents in leaves, petioles, crowns, crown-roots, and roots. TA was highest in `Northeaster' fruit when grown on red polyethylene, whereas TA was highest in `Primetime' fruit when grown on straw-vetch. The highest fruit citric acid levels were found in straw-vetch mulched plots of `Northeaster', and in black polyethylene mulched plots of `Primetime'. Ellagic acid accumulation was highest in `Northeaster' fruit grown on black polyethylene, and in `Primetime' fruit grown on red polyethylene or straw-vetch mulches. Fruit glucose content was highest in `Northeaster', but lowest in `Primetime', when grown on the straw-vetch mulch. There was a general tendency for soluble carbohydrate and starch levels in plant tissues to be lowest when the plants were grown in red polyethylene mulch and highest when grown in black polyethylene mulch. `Primetime' contained higher total carbohydrate levels than did `Northeaster' in all tissues tested.

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Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 563

Author(s):

Esther Anokye ◽

Samuel T. Lowor ◽

Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽

Francis K. Padi

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Biomass Partitioning ◽

Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽

Physiological Functions ◽

Soil Water Stress

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

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Phytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Tobacco Plants: Evaluation of Coating Effects on Photosynthetic Performance and Chloroplast Ultrastructure

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11030744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 744

Author(s):

Petra Peharec Štefanić ◽

Karla Košpić ◽

Daniel Mark Lyons ◽

Lara Jurković ◽

Biljana Balen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Pigment Content ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Agriculture And Food ◽

The Impact

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most exploited nanomaterial in agriculture and food production, and their release into the environment raises concern about their impact on plants. Since AgNPs are prone to biotransformation, various surface coatings are used to enhance their stability, which may modulate AgNP-imposed toxic effects. In this study, the impact of AgNPs stabilized with different coatings (citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) and AgNO3 on photosynthesis of tobacco plants as well as AgNP stability in exposure medium have been investigated. Obtained results revealed that AgNP-citrate induced the least effects on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and pigment content, which could be ascribed to their fast agglomeration in the exposure medium and consequently weak uptake. The impact of AgNP-PVP and AgNP-CTAB was more severe, inducing a deterioration of photosynthetic activity along with reduced pigment content and alterations in chloroplast ultrastructure, which could be correlated to their higher stability, elevated Ag accumulation, and surface charge. In conclusion, intrinsic properties of AgNP coatings affect their stability and bioavailability in the biological medium, thereby indirectly contributing changes in the photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, AgNP treatments exhibited more severe inhibitory effects compared to AgNO3, which indicates that the impact on photosynthesis is dependent on the form of Ag.

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Improvement of the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) through foliar application of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20181001009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Sławomir Kocira ◽

Agnieszka Sujak ◽

Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽

Agnieszka Szparaga ◽

Mariusz Szymanek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Reported Study

Application of biostimulants instigates many physiological processes that enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality traits of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. One of such preparations is Atonik which contains nitrophenol compounds naturally occurring in plant cells. Several studies have confirmed its beneficial effect on the growth, development, and improved metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, it seems advisable to investigate the effect of Atonik preparation on the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The reported study was carried out in 2014 in Perespa, Poland. Over the growing season, Atonik was foliar-applied at a dose of 0.3 L/ha (0.1%) and 0.6 L/ha (0.2%) by single and double spraying of plants. Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status (N) were estimated by a Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502 Plus. The foliar application of Atonik was found to improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica plants, but the results were dependent on biostimulant concentration and number of its applications, and on the date of measurement. To conclude, Atonik is an environmental-friendly preparation which has a positive impact on the metabolic processes of plants.

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Whole-plant Response of Six Poinsettia Cultivars to Three Fertilizer and Two Irrigation Regimes

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.1.69 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ursula Schuch ◽

Richard A. Redak ◽

James Bethke

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Leaf N

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind.), `Angelika White', `Celebrate 2', `Freedom Red', `Lilo Red', `Red Sails', and `Supjibi Red' were grown for 9 weeks during vegetative development under three constant-feed fertilizer treatments, 80,160, or 240 mg N/liter and two irrigation regimes, well-watered (high irrigation) or water deficient (low irrigation). Plants fertilized with 80 or 240 mg N/liter were 10% to 18% shorter, while those fertilized with 160 mg N/liter were 25 % shorter with low versus high irrigation. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations. Low irrigation reduced leaf area, leaf, stem, and shoot dry weight 3670 to 41%. Cultivars responded similarly to irrigation and fertilizer treatments in all components of shoot biomass production and no interactions between the main effects and cultivars occurred. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increasing fertilizer rates or sometimes with low irrigation. Highest chlorophyll contents occurred in leaves of `Lilo Red' and `Freedom Red'. Leaves of plants fertilized with 80 mg N/liter were deficient in leaf N and had 40 % to 49 % lower leaf chlorophyll content compared to plants fertilized with 160 or 240 mg N/liter. Irrigation had no effect on leaf N or chlorophyll content. At the end of the experiment leaves of `Supjibi Red' and `Angelika White' contained higher concentrations of soluble proteins than the other four cultivars.

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Photosynthetic Performance of Guaranazeiro Plants as Affected by Glyphosate Application

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n10p287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Bruna N. Leite ◽

Karla Gabrielle D. Pinto ◽

Victor Alexandre H. F. dos Santos ◽

Marciel J. Ferreira ◽

Sônia Maria F. Albertino

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Weed Species ◽

Short Term ◽

Paullinia Cupana ◽

Process Gas ◽

Quantum Efficiency Of Psii ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

The unsuitable use of herbicides damages many cultures. In cases of high infestations and presence of aggressive weed species in guarana (Paullinia cupana) culture, glyphosate application is advisable, but its impact on guarana physiology is unknown. Therefore, leaf photosynthetic characteristics were measured with the aim of identifying if the photosynthetic performance of guaranazeiro plants is affected in response to glyphosate application. Three glyphosate doses (0 (control); 324 and 432 g a.i. ha-1) were applied to two guaranazeiro cultivars (BRS-Andirá and BRS-Maués) selected on the basis of productive performance. An analysis was made of the effects of these doses on characteristics that represent the photosynthetic process: gas exchange, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, performance index and chlorophyll content. The application of glyphosate did not affect the short-term responses relative chlorophyll content (SPAD index) and light use (chlorophyll a fluorescence). After 168 h, there were changes only in gas exchange variables. The effects of glyphosate doses on gas exchange was different between guaranazeiro cultivars. The photosynthetic performance of the guaranazeiro seems to be tolerant to the effects of short-term of glyphosate application.

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Peculiarities of pigment complex functioning of winter wheat plants depending on the fertilizer application method

PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE ◽

10.31548/agr2021.03.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 7-16

Author(s):

Z. Bilousova ◽

◽

V. Keneva ◽

Y. Klipakova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Pigment Content ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Foliar Treatment ◽

Pigment Complex

To obtain the maximum yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to further optimize the existing cultivation technologies in the direction of their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. One of the areas of adaptation of plants to adverse abiotic factors is the active functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, which depends on the amount of nutrients introduced. The influence of fertilizer application on the condition of the pigment complex of winter wheat plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. Two varieties of winter wheat were selected for the study: Shestopalivka and Mason. The experiment scheme involved the application of fertilizers at sowing (K0; K12) and foliar treatment with various tank mixtures (urea; urea + magnesium sulfate; urea + magnesium sulfate + potassium monophosphate). The pigment content has been determined by grinding fresh leaves of winter wheat, followed by the addition of a solvent in the form of acetone. Measurements of pigments were performed using a spectrophotometer. According to the research results, it was established that before the foliar treatment the a-chlorophyll content and carotenoids was higher in the plant leaves of the Shestopalivka variety. At the same time, the b-chlorophyll content on the contrary was higher for plants of the Mason variety by 17%, which may be due to the adaptation of plants of this variety to lack of light. On the 3rd day after foliar treatment, a decrease in the pigment content in the plant leaves of all experimental variants has been observed, which was due to the active growth of the photosynthetic surface and a decrease in the total dry matter mass. There was no significant difference between the varieties of the content of photosynthetic pigments in this period. On the 10th day after foliar treatment, an increase in a- and b-chlorophyll content has been observed for both studied varieties, which may be the result of adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of winter wheat plants to lighting conditions. Foliar treatment of winter wheat plants with a tank mixture of urea with magnesium sulfate and potassium monophosphate contributed to a further increase in the content of a-chlorophyll by 12-23%, and b-chlorophyll by 5-37% depending on the variety compared to the control. The results of the research testify to the high efficiency of complex application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for foliar treatment of winter wheat plants in the BBCH 31 stage, both against the background of pre-sowing application of potassium fertilizers and without it.

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High-density QTL mapping of leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content in three soybean RIL populations

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02684-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kaiye Yu ◽

Jinshe Wang ◽

Chongyuan Sun ◽

Xiaoqian Liu ◽

Huanqing Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Genetic Components ◽

Leaf Size And Shape ◽

Mapping Populations

Abstract Background Leaf size and shape, which affect light capture, and chlorophyll content are important factors affecting photosynthetic efficiency. Genetic variation of these components significantly affects yield potential and seed quality. Identification of the genetic basis for these traits and the relationship between them is of great practical significance for achieving ideal plant architecture and high photosynthetic efficiency for improved yield. Results Here, we undertook a large-scale linkage mapping study using three mapping populations to determine the genetic interplay between soybean leaf-related traits and chlorophyll content across two environments. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between leaf size and shape, while both traits were positively correlated with chlorophyll content. This phenotypic relationship was verified across the three mapping populations as determined by principal component analysis, suggesting that these traits are under the control of complex and interrelated genetic components. The QTLs for leaf-related traits and chlorophyll are partly shared, which further supports the close genetic relationship between the two traits. The largest-effect major loci, q20, was stably identified across all population and environments and harbored the narrow leaflet gene Gm-JAG1 (Ln/ln), which is a key regulator of leaflet shape in soybean. Conclusion Our results uncover several major QTLs (q4–1, q4–2, q11, q13, q18 and q20) and its candidate genes specific or common to leaf-related traits and chlorophyll, and also show a complex epistatic interaction between the two traits. The SNP markers closely linked to these valuable QTLs could be used for molecular design breeding with improved plant architecture, photosynthetic capacity and even yield.

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Altering Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis by Overexpressing Ferrochelatases (Fc1 and Fc2) Improves Photosynthetic Efficiency in Transgenic Barley

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1370

Author(s):

Dilrukshi S. K. Nagahatenna ◽

Jingwen Tiong ◽

Everard J. Edwards ◽

Peter Langridge ◽

Ryan Whitford

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Catalytic Domain ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Photosynthetic Organisms ◽

Transgenic Barley

Ferrochelatase (FC) is the terminal enzyme of heme biosynthesis. In photosynthetic organisms studied so far, there is evidence for two FC isoforms, which are encoded by two genes (FC1 and FC2). Previous studies suggest that these two genes are required for the production of two physiologically distinct heme pools with only FC2-derived heme involved in photosynthesis. We characterised two FCs in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The two HvFC isoforms share a common catalytic domain, but HvFC2 additionally contains a C-terminal chlorophyll a/b binding (CAB) domain. Both HvFCs are highly expressed in photosynthetic tissues, with HvFC1 transcripts also being abundant in non-photosynthetic tissues. To determine whether these isoforms differentially affect photosynthesis, transgenic barley ectopically overexpressing HvFC1 and HvFC2 were generated and evaluated for photosynthetic performance. In each case, transgenics exhibited improved photosynthetic rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs) and carboxylation efficiency (CE), showing that both FC1 and FC2 play important roles in photosynthesis. Our finding that modified FC expression can improve photosynthesis up to ~13% under controlled growth conditions now requires further research to determine if this can be translated to improved yield performance under field conditions.

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