scholarly journals Migratory Take-Off Behaviour of the Mongolian Grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Yun-Ping Wang ◽  
Xiong-Bing Tu ◽  
Pei-Jiong Lin ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Chao-Min Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Phase Polyphenism ◽  
Calm Weather ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Reliable Basis

Oedaleus asiaticus is one of the dominant species of grasshoppers in the rangeland on the Mongolian plateau, and a serious pest, but its migratory behavior is poorly known. We investigated the take-off behavior of migratory O. asiaticus in field cages in the inner Mongolia region of northern China. The species shows a degree of density-dependent phase polyphenism, with high-density swarming populations characterized by a brown morph, while low-density populations are more likely to comprise a green morph. We found that only 12.4% of brown morphs engaged in migratory take-off, and 2.0% of green morphs. Migratory grasshoppers took off at dusk, especially in the half hour after sunset (20:00–20:30 h). Most emigrating individuals did not have any food in their digestive tract, and the females were mated but with immature ovaries. In contrast, non-emigrating individuals rarely had empty digestive tracts, and most females were mated and sexually mature. Therefore, it seems clear that individuals prepare for migration in the afternoon by eliminating food residue from the body, and migration is largely restricted to sexually immature stages (at least in females). Furthermore, it was found that weather conditions (particularly temperature and wind speed at 15:00 h) in the afternoon had a significant effect on take-off that evening, with O. asiaticus preferring to take off in warm, dry and calm weather. The findings of this study will contribute to a reliable basis for forecasting migratory movements of this pest.

Indicators of metabolism and biochemical status of blood in horses of Yakut breed in winter and spring seasons

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
U. Khompodoeva ◽  
R. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

The results of researches on the peculiarities of metabolism in the body of horses of Yakut breed in the winter and spring periods under the environments of Central Yakutia have been presented in the article. Physiological experiments on the digestibility of the main nutrients of the feed have been carried out in the winter (February) and spring (April) periods under the environments of the physiological yard in the Yakutsk Scientific and Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronov with using the classical method. Five mares and five geldings of Yakut breed have been selected for researches. The average live weight of mares was 378–410 kg, geldings 394–403 kg. The experimental animals had average fatness. It has been found a higher intake of energy and the main nutrients of hay as a mono feed in winter compared to the spring period. At the same time pregnant mares in winter have been consumed 103,8±3,12 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day, which was 27,3 % significantly higher than in the spring period – 75,4±2,18 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). Geldings have been consumed in the experiment 67,70±2,85 MJ, which was by 43,7 % higher than in the spring period – 38,05 ± 4,40 MJ of metabolic energy per head/day (P ≥ 0,999). Experimental animals have been housed in stalls; there was no energy expenditure for movement, so the amount of energy consumed in winter indicates the production of heat in the animal’s body. Pregnant mares per 100 kg of live weight have consumed 31,5±4,11 MJ of metabolic energy or 33,3 % more than in the spring period – 21,0±1,98 MJ; geldings have consumed 27,69±1,12, which was 41,78 % significantly higher than in the spring – 16,12 ± 0,75 MJ (P ≥ 0,999). The high intake of metabolic energy into the body of Yakut horses in winter is explained by the manifestation of adaptive mechanisms that affect the effective metabolism for survival, adapted to frequent changes in weather conditions and sharp temperature changes. The established differences in the biochemical parameters of blood serum of horses of Yakut breed are associated with changes in the consumption and digestibility of basic nutrients and energy, depending on the ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Extracellular-Vesicle-Based Coatings Enhance Bioactivity of Titanium Implants—SurfEV

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Taisa Nogueira Pansani ◽  
Thanh Huyen Phan ◽  
Qingyu Lei ◽  
Alexey Kondyurin ◽  
Bill Kalionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Migration

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by cells that contain a multitude of biomolecules, which act synergistically to signal multiple cell types. EVs are ideal candidates for promoting tissue growth and regeneration. The tissue regenerative potential of EVs raises the tantalizing possibility that immobilizing EVs on implant surfaces could potentially generate highly bioactive and cell-instructive surfaces that would enhance implant integration into the body. Such surfaces could address a critical limitation of current implants, which do not promote bone tissue formation or bond bone. Here, we developed bioactive titanium surface coatings (SurfEV) using two types of EVs: secreted by decidual mesenchymal stem cells (DEVs) and isolated from fermented papaya fluid (PEVs). For each EV type, we determined the size, morphology, and molecular composition. High concentrations of DEVs enhanced cell proliferation, wound closure, and migration distance of osteoblasts. In contrast, the cell proliferation and wound closure decreased with increasing concentration of PEVs. DEVs enhanced Ca/P deposition on the titanium surface, which suggests improvement in bone bonding ability of the implant (i.e., osteointegration). EVs also increased production of Ca and P by osteoblasts and promoted the deposition of mineral phase, which suggests EVs play key roles in cell mineralization. We also found that DEVs stimulated the secretion of secondary EVs observed by the presence of protruding structures on the cell membrane. We concluded that, by functionalizing implant surfaces with specialized EVs, we will be able to enhance implant osteointegration by improving hydroxyapatite formation directly at the surface and potentially circumvent aseptic loosening of implants.

scholarly journals A new argument against cooling by convective air eddies formed above sunlit zebra stripes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Pereszlényi ◽  
Dénes Száz ◽  
Imre M. Jánosi ◽  
Gábor Horváth
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Schlieren Imaging ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Stream Drift ◽  
Calm Weather ◽  
Air Streams ◽  
Stream Formation

AbstractThere is a long-lasting debate about the possible functions of zebra stripes. According to one hypothesis, periodical convective air eddies form over sunlit zebra stripes which cool the body. However, the formation of such eddies has not been experimentally studied. Using schlieren imaging in the laboratory, we found: downwelling air streams do not form above the white stripes of light-heated smooth or hairy striped surfaces. The influence of stripes on the air stream formation (facilitating upwelling streams and hindering horizontal stream drift) is negligible higher than 1–2 cm above the surface. In calm weather, upwelling air streams might form above sunlit zebra stripes, however they are blown off by the weakest wind, or even by the slowest movement of the zebra. These results forcefully contradict the thermoregulation hypothesis involving air eddies.

Annual variations in body-size spectra of planktonic ciliate communities and their relationships to environmental conditions: a case study in Jiaozhou Bay, northern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henglong Xu ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Mingzhuang Zhu ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Northern China ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Size Spectra ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Planktonic Ciliate

The annual variations in body-size spectra of planktonic ciliate communities and their relationships to environmental conditions were studied based on a 12-month dataset (June 2007 to May 2008) from Jiaozhou Bay on the Yellow Sea coast of northern China. Based on the dataset, the body sizes of the ciliates, expressed as equivalent spherical diameters, included five ranks: S1 (5–35 μm); S2 (35–55 μm); S3 (55–75 μm); S4 (75–100 μm); and S5 (100–350 μm). These body-size ranks showed a clear temporal succession of dominance in the order of S2 (January–April) → S1 (May–July) → S4 (August–September) → S3 (October–December). Multivariate analyses showed that the temporal variations in their body-size patterns were significantly correlated with changes in environmental conditions, especially water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and nutrients. In terms of abundance, rank S2 was significantly correlated with water temperature, DO and nutrients, whereas ranks S4 and S5 were correlated with the salinity and nutrients respectively (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the body-size patterns of planktonic ciliate communities showed a clear temporal pattern during an annual cycle and significantly associated with environmental conditions in marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals PLCε1 regulates SDF-1α–induced lymphocyte adhesion and migration to sites of inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 2693-2698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Strazza ◽  
Inbar Azoulay-Alfaguter ◽  
Michael Peled ◽  
Alan V. Smrcka ◽  
Edward Y. Skolnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphocyte Adhesion ◽  
Enzymatic Function ◽  
And Migration

Regulation of integrins is critical for lymphocyte adhesion to endothelium and migration throughout the body. Inside-out signaling to integrins is mediated by the small GTPase Ras-proximate-1 (Rap1). Using an RNA-mediated interference screen, we identified phospholipase Cε 1 (PLCε1) as a crucial regulator of stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α)-induced Rap1 activation. We have shown that SDF-1α-induced activation of Rap1 is transient in comparison with the sustained level following cross-linking of the antigen receptor. We identified that PLCε1 was necessary for SDF-1α-induced adhesion using shear stress, cell morphology alterations, and crawling on intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)–expressing cells. Structure–function experiments to separate the dual-enzymatic function of PLCε1 uncover necessary contributions of the CDC25, Pleckstrin homology, and Ras-associating domains, but not phospholipase activity, to this pathway. In the mouse model of delayed type hypersensitivity, we have shown an essential role for PLCε1 in T-cell migration to inflamed skin, but not for cytokine secretion and proliferation in regional lymph nodes. Our results reveal a signaling pathway where SDF-1α induces T-cell adhesion through activation of PLCε1, suggesting that PLCε1 is a specific potential target in treating conditions involving migration of T cells to inflamed organs.

Health indicators of children 10-11 years old at physical education lessons (cycling module)

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Maryna Prudnikova ◽  
Katerina Mulik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
The Future ◽  
Demographic Processes

The future of Ukraine is children, the future of demographic processes largely depends on their number, their health. The main role in the child's life is played by the dynamic process of growth and biological maturation, where one of the informative indicators is the cardiovascular system. In case of severe discomfort in the body, it is necessary to stop classes and consult a doctor. All physical activity must correspond to the physical fitness and age of the children. The cycling module is designed for 24 hours, according to the schedule, two physical education lessons were paired. For an effective lesson. In the course of the lessons, they mastered theoretical information (10 %), general and special physical training (20 %), technical training (70 %). During physical culture classes using a bicycle, objective factors were taken into account, such as the availability of a sports ground for technical riding, equipment (30 bicycles), and the weather conditions of the region. Over the course of one and a half months, the conducted classes formed the necessary skills for safe cycling, technical skill in children of 10-11 years old, provided the necessary foundation for physical fitness and motivation to go in for sports. The increase in adaptive indices of the heart was 14 % in grade 5-A, 8 % in grade 5-B, and 15 % in grade 5-V of the total number of children in each grade. This indicates that muscular work took place with positive consequences for the functional state of the body of children aged 10-11 years.

Messing up the Domestic: Queer Bodies Expanding Architectures

Somatechnics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-415
Author(s):  
Olivier Vallerand
Keyword(s):  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
The Body ◽  
Domestic Spaces ◽  
Queer Space ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Lgbt People ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Architecture And Design

Queer space discourse in architecture has often been about reclaiming sexualized spaces or spaces used by LGBT people as being part of architectural history. However, critical practitioners have sought to expand from an understanding based on an essentialist understanding of queer bodies to link instead the experience of built environments to the repression of non-normative/non-compliant bodies. This article discusses projects by J. Mayer H., Andrés Jaque/Office for Political Innovation (OFFPOLINN), and MYCKET that build on a queer understanding of architecture and design to explore relationships between bodies, the materiality of domestic spaces, and communal identities, challenging binary understandings of architectural design spaces and linking them to the configuration of citizenship. J. Mayer H.’s work on data-protection patterns and thermo-sensitive materials uses bodies as material in developing a discourse on privacy stemming in part from queer people's experience of oppressing policies. OFFPOLINN's projects on IKEA and on gay cruising digital environments question the role of architects by underlining the close integration of advertisement, online social networks, and urban and architectural policies in relation to the experience of citizenship and migration. Finally, MYCKET's queer feminist performative architectures attempts to reframe the neutrality of the architectural modernist tradition to celebrate the messiness that comes with thinking of space as designed for a diversity of people. The three practices expand architectural discussions of domesticity beyond an understanding of the house as a container for family life and towards seeing it as a nexus of social and political relations that converge around the body.

Gender differences and the role of parental education, school types and migration on the body mass index of 2930 Austrian school children

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 786-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Furthner ◽  
Margit Ehrenmüller ◽  
Ariane Biebl ◽  
Roland Lanzersdorfer ◽  
Gerhard Halmerbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
School Children ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
The Body ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Education School ◽  
And Migration

A systematic review of Karen refugee health

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Hoffman ◽  
Cheryl L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Karen Refugees ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive perspective of the documented physical and mental health issues Karen refugees from Burma face as a result of war and refugee trauma, and migration. The review will address the question: What is the impact of trauma and migration on the physical and mental health of Karen refugees? Design/methodology/approach – A total of 18 articles were systematically selected for inclusion in the final review. The focal content for included articles includes qualitative and quantitative research representative of the health and migration experiences of Karen refugees. Findings – The findings of this review demonstrate significance for health providers from a public health standpoint as programs and services are targeted to meet the specific health needs of the Karen community. It also highlights the contribution of the Karen forced migration experience to the complexity of individual and community health needs, particularly as a result of the protracted conflict. Originality/value – This critical appraisal of the body of literature describing the health experiences of Karen refugees from Burma, with a particular focus on outcomes relevant to resettlement, demonstrates value as programs are developed with an integrated refugee perspective.

scholarly journals Visualizing Simultaneity in Diasporic Public Spheres: The case of the Mexican Diaspora in the U.S.

JOMEC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Gabriel Moreno Esparza ◽  
Rosa Angélica Martínez Téllez
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
News Media ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
Interactive Spaces ◽  
Digital News ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The U.S

This article argues that explorations of interactive spaces afforded by digital news media provide a dynamic platform to visualize the prospects for the political participation of diasporas in their countries of origin and residence. In this case, a breakdown of the frequency of comments across a variety of news sections about Mexico and the U.S. in Univision.com uncovered a lively range of interactions between news forum participants, signalling simultaneous interest in on-going events and processes in the two countries. The dual national orientations highlighted by these findings ‘touch base’ with the body of literature about media and migration, which has in recent times recognised the interconnectedness of immigrants-sending and receiving societies, whilst offering a more refined conceptualization of the concept of simultaneity in regard to diasporic public spheres.

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