Anti-aging Effect of Agar Oligosaccharide on Male Drosophila melanogaster and its Preliminary Mechanism

Agar oligosaccharide (AOS) is a marine prebiotic with apparent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. During this study, different doses of AOS are added to a basal diet to evaluate its effects on the lifespan, motor vigor and reproduction of male Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, the activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in male Drosophila are examined on the 10th, 25th and 40th days. The fly midguts are removed on the 10th and 40th days for analyses of the intestinal microbial community by 16S rDNA sequencing and the expression level of intestinal immunity genes by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The results show that AOS significantly prolonged the average and maximum lifespan and increased the antioxidant capacity of male Drosophila. Additionally, AOS significantly regulated the structure of the intestinal flora of "old" flies (40 days) and upregulated the expression of immune deficiency (IMD) genes to improve the intestinal immunity, which could be beneficial for delaying aging in old flies. The above-described results provide a theoretical basis for the application of AOS, a type of marine oligosaccharide, as a nutritional supplement or immunomodulator.

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Enhancing bile tolerance of Lactobacilli is involved in the hypolipidemic effects of liraglutide

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbab053 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Wang ◽

Hai-Jie Hu ◽

Qing-Qing Dong ◽

Rui Huang ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Saline ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Ldl Receptor ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Bile Tolerance ◽

Glycolipid Metabolism ◽

Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Key Enzyme

Abstract Liraglutide is an analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an endogenous intestinal hormone which play essential roles in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism. To investigate the role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the lipid-lowering effect of liraglutide, forty mice were divided into normal saline-treated basal diet (NFD), normal saline-treated high-fat food (HFD), 10.0 mg/kg/d simvastatin-treated HFD (SIM + HFD), 200 and 400 μg/kg/d liraglutide-treated HFD (LL + HFD and HL + HFD) groups for 5 weeks. 16S rDNA sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were used to detected changes of intestinal flora, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), LDL-receptor (LDLR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Results showed that liraglutide could up-regulate CYP7A1 and LDLR, whereas down-regulate HMGCR. Besides, liraglutide enhance the abundance of lactobacillaceae in gut of hyperlipidemic mice and increase the bile tolerance ability of LAB by up-regulating bile salt hydrolases, and the lysate of liraglutide-sensitive LAB could also directly down-regulate HMGCR, the key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, and inhibit hepatocyte steatosis. These findings might provide new theoretical guidance for clinical application of liraglutide and threw a light on research and development of anti-obesity, hypolipidemic and cholesterol-lowering drugs or functional foods.

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Effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis T-110 supplementation on gut immunity, gut flora, and intestinal infection in naturally aged hamsters

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0240773 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0240773

Author(s):

Takio Inatomi ◽

Konosuke Otomaru

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Basal Diet ◽

High Rate ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Age Related ◽

Intestinal Infections ◽

Gut Immunity

Infectious diseases are a threat to elderly individuals, whose immune systems weaken with age. Among the various infectious diseases, Clostridium difficile infection is associated with a high rate of mortality in elderly individuals and is a serious health problem worldwide, owing to the increasing infection rates. Probiotic use has been proposed as an effective countermeasure for C. difficile infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis T-110 on intestinal immunity, intestinal flora, and intestinal infections, especially C. difficile infections, in naturally ageing animals, for extrapolating the results to elderly human subjects. Twenty female hamsters were randomly distributed into two groups. Group 1 was fed a basal diet and group 2 was fed a basal diet supplemented with heat-killed E. faecalis for 7 days. Heat-killed E. faecalis T-110 improved the gut immunity and microflora, especially Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile, in naturally aged hamsters. Therefore, heat-killed E. faecalis T-110 use may be a countermeasure against age-related immune dysfunction and intestinal infections, especially C. difficile infection, in elderly humans. However, further investigation in this regard is needed in humans.

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Effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis T-110 supplementation on gut immunity, gut flora, and intestinal infection in normal aged hamsters

10.1101/2020.10.05.326124 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Takio Inatomi ◽

Konosuke Otomaru

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Immunity ◽

Age Related ◽

Intestinal Infections ◽

Gut Immunity ◽

Elderly Humans

AbstractInfectious diseases are a threat to elderly people, whose immune systems become depressed with age. Among the various infectious diseases, Clostridium difficile infections in particular lead to significant mortality in elderly humans and are a serious problem worldwide, especially because of the increasing infection rates. Probiotics have been proposed as an effective countermeasure against C. difficile infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis T-110 on intestinal immunity, intestinal flora, and intestinal infections, especially C. difficile infections, in naturally ageing animals, for extrapolation to elderly human subjects. Twenty female hamsters were randomly distributed into two groups. Group 1 was fed a basal diet, and group 2 was fed a basal diet supplemented with heat-killed E. faecalis for 7 days. Heat-killed E. faecalis T-110 improved gut immunity and microflora, especially Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile, of the normal aged hamsters. Heat-killed E. faecalis T-110 may, therefore, be a countermeasure against age-related immune dysfunction and intestinal infections, especially C. difficile infection, in elderly humans. However, further investigation in humans is needed.

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Synergistic action of propolis with levodopa in the management of Parkinsonism in Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2019-0136 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua ◽

Josephine Kasolo ◽

Keneth Iceland Kasozi ◽

Ejike Daniel Eze ◽

Abass Safiriyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Side Effects ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Synergistic Action ◽

Content Type ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Ethanolic Extract Of Propolis ◽

Different Doses

AbstractBackgroundThe Phosphatase and tensin-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) mutant for Drosophila melanogaster is a key tool that has been used in assessing the pathology of Parkinsonism and its possible remedy. This research was targeted toward determining the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis, with levodopa therapy in the management of Parkinsonism.MethodThe PINK1B9 flies were divided into groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanoic extract of propolis. The treatment groups were subjected to 21 days of administration of propolis and the levodopa at different doses after which percentage climbing index, antioxidant activity and lifespan studies were done.ResultsPropolis alone improved motor activity, antioxidant and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster than in PINK1 flies. Propolis in combination with levodopa significantly (P<0.05) improved physiological parameters at higher than lower concentrations in Parkinsonism Drosophila melanogaster demonstrating its importance in managing side effects associated with levodopa.ConclusionPropolis is a novel candidate as an alternative and integrative medicinal option to use in the management of Parkinsonism in both animals and humans at higher concentrations.

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AGING EFFECT ON THE PHENOMENON OF SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/63.1.121 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 121-131

Author(s):

Yuichiro Hiraizumi ◽

Susan S Watanabe

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Segregation Distortion ◽

Aging Effect

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Dosage dependence of maternal contribution to somatic cell division in Drosophila melanogaster

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.113.4.1357 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 113 (4) ◽

pp. 1357-1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Carmena ◽

C. Gonzalez ◽

J. Casal ◽

P. Ripoll

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Cell Division ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Early Development ◽

Normal Cell ◽

Chromosome Behaviour ◽

Wild Type ◽

Maternal Contribution ◽

Different Doses ◽

Chromosome Nondisjunction

Most mitotic mutants in Drosophila do not lead to lethality in early development despite the highly abnormal chromosome behaviour that they elicit. This has been explained as being the effect of maternally provided wild-type products. We have tested this hypothesis by studying cuticular clones derived from cells in which there has been loss of a marked Y chromosome due to chromosome nondisjunction in individuals homozygous for the mutation abnormal spindle who are progeny of heterozygous mothers. We have found that the size and frequency of these clones are higher than in control flies. Furthermore, by analysing flies whose female parents have different doses of the asp+ gene, we have found that there is a correlation between the amount of maternally contributed asp+ product and the frequency and size of cuticular clones. We have also estimated the time in development when the first mitotic mistakes take place, i.e. the time when maternal products are no longer sufficient to carry out normal cell division.

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PSIV-13 Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.466 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 229-229

Author(s):

Bokyung Hong ◽

Beob G Kim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Inorganic P ◽

Different Doses ◽

Fecal Collection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytase source and feed pelleting on digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, organic matter (OM), and phosphorus (P) with different doses of phytase in pigs. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (31.4 ± 3.5 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 6 Latin square design with 5 diets and 6 periods. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (28.2 ± 3.2 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods. Each period lasted 10 d consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection periods and the marker to marker method was used for fecal collection. In both experiments, a basal diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal without phytase or inorganic P. Four additional diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 phytase sources (Buttiauxella spp. or Escherichia coli) and 2 feed forms (mash or pellet). Both experiments employed the same treatments but had different supplemental phytase doses (500 and 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (66.1 vs. 51.7%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM, crude protein, and OM (P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (72.8 vs. 44.8%; P < 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM and OM (P < 0.001). Taken together, supplemental phytase at 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg increases P digestibility regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting.

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Dietary Recombinant Phycoerythrin Modulates the Gut Microbiota of H22 Tumor-Bearing Mice

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17120665 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 665 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hongtao Qi ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Xin Qi ◽

Hui Liang ◽

Huaxin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Beneficial Bacteria ◽

Tumor Bearing ◽

Immune System Development ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Intestinal Immune System

Normal intestinal flora is widely involved in many functions of the host: nutritional metabolism; maintenance of intestinal microecological balance; regulation of intestinal endocrine function and nerve signal transduction; promotion of intestinal immune system development and maturation; inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth and colonization, reduction of its invasion to intestinal mucosa, and so on. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of various tumors. It is indicated that recombinant phycoerythrin (RPE) has significant anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. However, little is known about the mechanism of the effect of oral (or intragastric) administration of RPE on gut microbiota in tumor-bearing animals. In this study, using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing, we examined the response of gut microbiota in H22-bearing mice to dietary RPE supplementation. The results showed that the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the mice intestinal flora decreased and that of the detrimental flora increased after inoculation with tumor cells (H22); following treatment with dietary RPE, the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora significantly increased and that of detrimental bacteria decreased. In this study, for the first time, it was demonstrated that dietary RPE could modulate the gut microbiota of the H22 bearing mice by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing that of detrimental bacteria among intestinal bacteria, providing evidence for the mechanism by which bioactive proteins affect intestinal nutrition and disease resistance in animals.

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Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Extends Lifespan and Ameliorate HAART Drug-Induced Locomotor, Reproductive, and Antioxidant Deficits in Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jocamr/2020/v11i430194 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-46

Author(s):

Walter Mdekera Iorjiim ◽

Simeon Omale ◽

Great David Bagu ◽

Steven Samuel Gyang ◽

Emmanuel Taiwo Alemika

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

P Value ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Mda Content ◽

Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Aim: To evaluate the longevity and ameliorative activities of Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract against some HAART drug-induced toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted at the Drosophila laboratory, Africa Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos-Nigeria, between August 2019 - March 2020. D. melanogaster (1-3 day) were first exposed for life to different concentrations of MOL (50 – 500 mg) or 25 mM Ascorbic acid or 1000 µL distilled water to determine longevity. Secondly, flies were fed on 46.56 mg of HAART drugs (Efavirenz-based or Dolutegravir-based) alone or supplemented with MOL 250 mg or 500 mg per 10 g fly food in five replicates for seven days. Afterward, longevity, fecundity, and negative geotaxis were evaluated. Also, activities of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, as well as Malondialdehyde content as biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated using whole fly homogenate. Statistical significance was taken at P<0.05 or (P<0.006) (Bonferroni adjusted P-value for multiple curve comparisons. Results: The MOL extract significantly (P<0.001) increased fly longevity compared to control groups. Similarly, supplementation with 500 mg MOL extracts significantly (P<0.05) ameliorate HAART drug-induced deficits in climbing ability, fecundity, SOD, and CAT activities as well as MDA content compared to groups exposed to HAART drugs alone respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that M. oleifera leaf extract extends lifespan and ameliorate HAART drug-induced toxicities via its antioxidant activities. This was supported by improved locomotor and reproductive decline, and restoration of the deficits in the biomarkers of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, and MDA) in D. melanogaster.

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Effects of different doses of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the duodenal mucosa in rabbits

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.5570 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Nilay Seyidoglu ◽

Sabire Peker

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Yeast Culture ◽

Total Thickness ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Doses

Probiotics and their components have been used to improve growth performance and immunity, as well as intestinal health. This study evaluated the effect of different doses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the morphological properties of duodenums of rabbits. Twenty 6-7 weeks old male New Zealand White Rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups for 90 days. The first group (control group) received the basal diet, the second group received basal diet supplemented with S.cerevisiae at a level of 2g/kg of feed, and the third group was fed with S.cerevisiae live yeast culture added at 4.0 g/kg. At the end of the experiment duodenum segments were taken, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histological examination. In this study, the total thickness of the mucosa, the height of the villi and depth of the crypts and depth of the glands of the duodenum were found to be longer with the increased yeast doses. However, there was no significant difference among the villus crypt ratio of the groups. In conclusion, the total thickness of the mucosa, villus heights, crypt depths and gland depths were increased significantly in both of the yeast groups of rabbits. Therefore, it may be proposed that administration of S.cerevisiae in either low or high doses may be used for intestinal health.

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