scholarly journals Microbiological Production of Isocitric Acid from Biodiesel Waste and Its Effect on Spatial Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor G. Morgunov ◽  
Svetlana V. Kamzolova ◽  
Olga V. Karpukhina ◽  
Svetlana B. Bokieva ◽  
Julia N. Lunina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Isocitric Acid ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Maximal Production

Within this work, the microbial synthesis of (2R,3S)-isocitric acid (ICA), a metabolite of the nonconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, from biodiesel waste, has been studied. The selected strain Y. lipolytica VKM Y-2373 synthesized ICA with citric acid (CA) as a byproduct. This process can be regulated by changing cultivation conditions. The maximal production of ICA with the minimal formation of the byproduct was provided by the use of a concentration of (NH4)2SO4 (6 g/L); the addition of biodiesel waste to cultivation medium in 20–60 g/L portions; maintaining the pH of the cultivation medium at 6, and degree of aeration between 25% and 60% of saturation. Itaconic acid at a concentration of 15 mM favorably influenced the production of ICA by the selected strain. The optimization of cultivation conditions allowed us to increase the concentration of ICA in the culture liquid from 58.32 to 90.2 g/L, the product yield (Y) by 40%, and the ICA/CA ratio from 1.1:1 to 3:1. Research on laboratory animals indicated that ICA counteracted the negative effect of ammonium molybdate (10−5 М) and lead diacetate (10−7 М) on the learning and spatial memory of rats, including those exposed to emotional stress.

scholarly journals Isocitric Acid Production from Ethanol Industry Waste by Yarrowia lipolytica

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Kamzolova ◽  
Vladimir A. Samoilenko ◽  
Julia N. Lunina ◽  
Igor G. Morgunov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Isocitric Acid ◽  
Yeast Cultures

There is ever increasing evidence that isocitric acid can be used as a promising compound with powerful antioxidant activity to combat oxidative stress. This work demonstrates the possibility of using waste product from the alcohol industry (so-called ester-aldehyde fraction) for production of isocitric acid by yeasts. The potential producer of isocitric acid from this fraction, Yarrowia lipolytica VKM Y-2373, was selected by screening of various yeast cultures. The selected strain showed sufficient growth and good acid formation in media with growth-limiting concentrations of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium. A shortage of Fe2+ and Ca2+ ions suppressed both Y. lipolytica growth and formation of isocitric acid. The preferential synthesis of isocitric acid can be regulated by changing the nature and concentration of nitrogen source, pH of cultivation medium, and concentration of ester-aldehyde fraction. Experiments in this direction allowed us to obtain 65 g/L isocitric acid with a product yield (YICA) of 0.65 g/g in four days of cultivation.

scholarly journals Aberrant Lighting Causes Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice but Curcumin Ameliorates the Symptoms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Dhondup Namgyal ◽  
Kumari Chandan ◽  
Sher Ali ◽  
Ajaz Ahmad ◽  
Maha J. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lighting Systems

In the modern research field, laboratory animals are constantly kept under artificial lighting conditions. However, recent studies have shown the effect of artificial light on animal behavior and metabolism. In the present study on mice, following three weeks of housing in dim light at night (dLAN; 5lux) and complete darkness (DD; 0lux), we monitored the effect on body weight, daily food intake, anxiety-like behavior by employing the open field test, and expression of the period (PER1) gene. We also studied the effect of oral administration of different concentrations of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for three weeks in the same mice and monitored these parameters. The exposure to dLAN had significantly increased the anxiety-like behavior and body weight possibly through the altered metabolism in mice, whereas exposure to DD caused increased anxiety but no significant difference in weight gain. Moreover, the expression of the PER1 gene involved in sleep was also found to be decreased in the aberrant light conditions (dLAN and DD). Although the treatment of curcumin had no effect on body weight, it ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior possibly by modulating the expression of the PER1 gene. Thus, alteration in the light/dark cycle had a negative effect on laboratory animals on the body weight and emotions of animals. The present study identifies the risk factors associated with artificial lighting systems on the behavior of laboratory animals and the ameliorative effects of curcumin, with a focus on anxiety-like behavior.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of allergenic properties of Bisphenol-5

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
R. M. Ahmadullin ◽  
R. S. Muhammadiev ◽  
L. R. Valiullin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
Respiratory Movements

The paper presents the results of preclinical studies of the allergenic properties of a new drug bisphenol-5, which has pronounced anti-radical activity. An experimental study of the antioxidant was carried out in doses of 2, 5, 20 mg/kg in guinea pigs and rabbits. It was shown that bisphenol-5 is not able to cause a general anaphylaxis reaction (anaphylactic shock). By the method of skin applications, the absence of allergenic effects of the drug in animals was found. During the formulation of conjunctival tests in experimental and control animals, signs of hypersensitivity, both immediate and delayed, were not observed with respect to the test drug. Changes in body temperature, pulse rate, and the number of respiratory movements as a result of clinical studies of the state of the animal organism after applying bisphenol-5 were also not recorded. Thus, the drug Besphenol-5 in the studied doses and under the selected experimental conditions does not have a negative effect on the body of laboratory animals and does not have allergenic properties.

scholarly journals Effects of PEG-Coated Silver and Gold Nanoparticles on Spirulina platensis Biomass during Its Growth in a Closed System

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Liliana Cepoi ◽  
Inga Zinicovscaia ◽  
Ludmila Rudi ◽  
Tatiana Chiriac ◽  
Ion Rotari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Concentrations

Silver and gold nanoparticles are promising tools for medical and industrial applications; therefore, their ecotoxicity should be carefully examined. There are many publications that discuss their effects at high concentrations on various organisms, while the effects of low doses have not been sufficiently investigated. In this paper, the effects of low concentrations of silver (12 nm) and gold (4.7 nm) nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol on Spirulina platensis biomass growth, biochemical composition, and antioxidant activity were investigated. The spirulina cultivation medium was supplemented with nanoparticles in the concentration range of 0.025–0.5 µM. The given concentrations stimulated spirulina biomass, but the content of proteins, carbohydrates, and auxiliary pigments was insignificantly affected by the presence of nanoparticles in the cultivation medium. Gold nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.5 µM produced a pronounced effect on the lipid content. Transmission electron microscope images demonstrated that the nanoparticles penetrate inside the cells and cause ultrastructural changes. The nanoparticles were characterized using several well-known techniques. The results confirmed a negative effect of low concentrations of metal nanoparticles on spirulina. This effect could be indiscernible when studying the biomass viability, but determination of the ultrastructure of the cell and the biochemical composition of the biomass could reveal it.

scholarly journals PchC Thioesterase Optimizes Nonribosomal Biosynthesis of the Peptide Siderophore Pyochelin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (19) ◽  
pp. 6367-6373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Reimmann ◽  
Hiten M. Patel ◽  
Christopher T. Walsh ◽  
Dieter Haas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peptide Synthetases ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Editing Enzyme ◽  
Maximal Production

ABSTRACT In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the antibiotic dihydroaeruginoate (Dha) and the siderophore pyochelin are produced from salicylate and cysteine by a thiotemplate mechanism involving the peptide synthetases PchE and PchF. A thioesterase encoded by the pchC gene was found to be necessary for maximal production of both Dha and pyochelin, but it was not required for Dha release from PchE and could not replace the thioesterase function specified by the C-terminal domain of PchF. In vitro, 2-aminobutyrate, a cysteine analog, was adenylated by purified PchE and PchF proteins. In vivo, this analog strongly interfered with Dha and pyochelin formation in a pchC deletion mutant but affected production of these metabolites only slightly in the wild type. Exogenously supplied cysteine overcame the negative effect of a pchC mutation to a large extent, whereas addition of salicylate did not. These data are in agreement with a role for PchC as an editing enzyme that removes wrongly charged molecules from the peptidyl carrier protein domains of PchE and PchF.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity of the Supramolecular Complex of Ivermectin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Victoriya V. Zashchepkina
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Supramolecular Complex ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Negative Effect

The purpose of the research is to study the acute oral toxicity of the supramolecular complex of ivermectin. Materials and methods. The object of the study was laboratory animals kept in the vivarium of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants. The preclinical study of the ivermectin complex was carried out in accordance with “Guidelines for the Experimental (Preclinical) Study of New Pharmacological Substances”. To process the experimental data in the study of the supramolecular complex of ivermectin, the method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon modified by Z. Roth was used. Acute oral toxicity was carried out with the administration of a complex of ivermectin and the substance ivermectin into the stomach for control in high doses in white mice and rats with a live weight of 18 and 160–180 g respectively. For each dose, 10 mice and 6 rats were used. The drug was administered once using a gastric tube in a doses from 40 to 350 mg/kg in terms of AS. For 14 days the general condition and behavior of animals, possible death, as well as the manifestation of symptoms of intoxication has been monitored. Results and discussion. As our studies showed, the picture of intoxication in both species (mice and rats) was comparable, and the dependence of the number of dead animals on the administered dose was also revealed. Unlike the substance ivermectin, the toxicity of the supramolecular complex is 3 times lower. The introduction of arabinogalactan into the composition of the drug helps to level the negative effect of AS (ivermectin) in the supramolecular complex preparation on the animal organism. LD50 of ivermectin substance for mice was 82.0, for rats – 165.0 mg/kg, supramolecular complex of ivermectin – 280.0 and 298.0 mg/kg respectively (according to the drug 14500 and 14598 mg/kg). According to GOST 12.1.007-76, the supramolecular complex of ivermectin belongs to hazard class 4.

scholarly journals Tissue Localization of the Endosymbiotic Bacterium “Candidatus Blochmannia floridanus” in Adults and Larvae of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus floridanus

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4187-4193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Sauer ◽  
Dieter Dudaczek ◽  
Bert Hölldobler ◽  
Roy Gross
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Camponotus Floridanus ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Carpenter Ant ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Virgin Queens ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT The distribution of endosymbiotic bacteria in different tissues of queens, males, and workers of the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus was investigated by light and electron microscopy and by in situ hybridization. A large number of bacteria could be detected in bacteriocytes within the midguts of workers, young virgin queens, and males. Large amounts of bacteria were also found in the oocytes of workers and queens. In contrast, bacteria were not present in oocyte-associated cells or in the spermathecae of mature queens, although occasionally a small number of bacteria could be detected in the testis follicles of males. Interestingly, the number of bacteriocytes in mature queens was strongly reduced and the bacteriocytes contained only very few or no bacteria at all, although the endosymbionts were present in huge amounts in the ovaries of the same animals. During embryogenesis of the deposited egg, the bacteria were concentrated in a ring of endodermal tissue destined to become the midgut in later developmental stages. However, during larval development, bacteria could also be detected in other tissues although to a lesser extent. Only in the last-instar larvae were bacteria found exclusively in the midgut tissue within typical bacteriocytes. Tetracycline and rifampin efficiently cleansed C. floridanus workers of their symbionts and the bacteriocytes of these animals still remained empty several months after treatment had ceased. Despite the lack of their endosymbionts, these adult animals were able to survive without any obvious negative effect under normal cultivation conditions.

Research on the Influence of Reclamation to the Marine Ecological Environment – Taking Lianyun New City Constructing as an Example

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3236-3241
Author(s):  
Jian Qing Shi ◽  
Jia Long Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Marine Product ◽  
New City

Reclamation is adopted by many coastal countries to develop living space. Although reclamation changes natural coast pattern in local small scope, which most happen on beach area or shallow ocean area. Therefore, it has heavy destroy to local natural system, brings negative effect to coast area ecological environment stability, biodiversity and sustainable development. The paper takes constructing Lianyun new city as example. Biomass changes before construction and during construction at four monitoring spots are analyzed, negative effects to natural environment, marine product yield and marine animals' survival environment are deeply discussed. In order to develop marine ecology , several piece of advices are advanced in the paper to reasonably exploit coast resource and protect natural ecological environment.

scholarly journals A transcriptional response of Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598 to a butanol shock

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Sedlar ◽  
Jan Kolek ◽  
Markus Gruber ◽  
Katerina Jureckova ◽  
Barbora Branska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Ontology ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Clostridium Beijerinckii ◽  
Gene Ontology Annotation ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Medium ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Distinguished Group

Abstract Background One of the main obstacles preventing solventogenic clostridia from achieving higher yields in biofuel production is the toxicity of produced solvents. Unfortunately, regulatory mechanisms responsible for the shock response are poorly described on the transcriptomic level. Although the strain Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598, a promising butanol producer, has been studied under different conditions in the past, its transcriptional response to a shock caused by butanol in the cultivation medium remains unknown. Results In this paper, we present a transcriptional response of the strain during a butanol challenge, caused by the addition of butanol to the cultivation medium at the very end of the acidogenic phase, using RNA-Seq. We resequenced and reassembled the genome sequence of the strain and prepared novel genome and gene ontology annotation to provide the most accurate results. When compared to samples under standard cultivation conditions, samples gathered during butanol shock represented a well-distinguished group. Using reference samples gathered directly before the addition of butanol, we identified genes that were differentially expressed in butanol challenge samples. We determined clusters of 293 down-regulated and 301 up-regulated genes whose expression was affected by the cultivation conditions. Enriched term “RNA binding” among down-regulated genes corresponded to the downturn of translation and the cluster contained a group of small acid-soluble spore proteins. This explained phenotype of the culture that had not sporulated. On the other hand, up-regulated genes were characterized by the term “protein binding” which corresponded to activation of heat-shock proteins that were identified within this cluster. Conclusions We provided an overall transcriptional response of the strain C. beijerinckii NRRL B-598 to butanol shock, supplemented by auxiliary technologies, including high-pressure liquid chromatography and flow cytometry, to capture the corresponding phenotypic response. We identified genes whose regulation was affected by the addition of butanol to the cultivation medium and inferred related molecular functions that were significantly influenced. Additionally, using high-quality genome assembly and custom-made gene ontology annotation, we demonstrated that this settled terminology, widely used for the analysis of model organisms, could also be applied to non-model organisms and for research in the field of biofuels.

SCREENING AND STUDY OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF MEANS FOR REDUCING THE NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF ECOTOXICANTS ON ANIMAL BODY.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
G. I. Pavlenko ◽  
◽  
N. S. Pavlova ◽  
D. A. Drozdov ◽  
N. A. Brichko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Negative Effect

The search for drugs to reduce the negative effects of ecotoxicants on the body of laboratory animals was conducted. Hemovit-meyan, solvimine selenium, ecostimul-2, miksovit A and elvestin have been tested. The use of these drugs reduced the negative effect of ecotoxicants, normalized some indicators, but did not give complete detoxification of the animal body. On the basis of the obtained results, it is concluded that it is reasonable to use a complex of preparations and feed additives with different mechanisms of protective action.

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