scholarly journals Gemcitabine Peptide-Based Conjugates and Their Application in Targeted Tumor Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Hawryłkiewicz ◽  
Natalia Ptaszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Direct Targeting ◽  
Adverse Influence

A major obstacle in tumor treatment is associated with the poor penetration of a therapeutic agent into the tumor tissue and with their adverse influence on healthy cells, which limits the dose of drug that can be safely administered to cancer patients. Gemcitabine is an anticancer drug used to treat a wide range of solid tumors and is a first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The effect of gemcitabine is significantly weakened by its rapid plasma degradation. In addition, the systemic toxicity and drug resistance significantly reduce its chemotherapeutic efficacy. Up to now, many approaches have been made to improve the therapeutic index of gemcitabine. One of the recently developed approaches to improve conventional chemotherapy is based on the direct targeting of chemotherapeutics to cancer cells using the drug-peptide conjugates. In this work, we summarize recently published gemcitabine peptide-based conjugates and their efficacy in anticancer therapy.

Acute pericarditis and mediastinal lymph node abscess developing after endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Nishikawa ◽  
Ryo Ariyasu ◽  
Tomoaki Sonoda ◽  
Masafumi Saiki ◽  
Takahiro Yoshizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration ◽  
Acute Pericarditis

A 27-year-old man was diagnosed with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and multiple lymph node and subcutaneous metastases. After several administrations of anti-tumor therapy, he underwent mediastinal lymph node biopsy using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) to confirm tumor relapse. Five weeks later, he complained of chest pain, then rapidly developed shock due to acute pericarditis. Although he was treated with antibiotics for anaerobic bacterial infection and cardiac drainage, mediastinal lymph node abscess and pericarditis did not improve. After the surgical procedure, his physical condition dramatically improved and he was treated with another molecularly targeted therapy. Pericarditis associated with EBUS-TBNA is extremely rare. In this case, salvage was achieved by surgical drainage of the lymph node abscess and pericarditis, and long survival was obtained with further administration of anti-tumor treatment.

PRDM14: A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 945-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengting Ou ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
Liling Tang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
Pr Domain ◽  
Low Expression

PRDM14 belongs to the PR domain-containing (PRDM) family. Although a precise understanding focused on the function of PRDM14 to maintain stemness and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells via epigenetic mechanisms, growing experimental evidence has been linked PRDM14 to human cancers. In adults, PRDM14 has low expression in human tissues. Aberrant PRDM14 expression is connected with various malignant histological types and solid cancers, where PRDM14 can act as a driver of oncogenic processes. Overexpression of RPDM14 enhanced cancer cells growth and reduced cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. Reducing the expression of PRDM14 in cancer cells can enhance the therapeutic sensitivity of drugs to cancer cells, suggesting that aberrant PRDM14 may have a carcinogenic characteristic in tumor therapy and as a new molecular target. This review summarizes the structure and oncogenic properties of PRDM14 in different malignancies and suggests that PRDM14 may be a potential therapeutic molecular target for tumor treatment.

Nano Technological Approach for Anti-Tumor Therapy: Opportunities and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Champaneria ◽  
Prajesh Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Targeting Delivery ◽  
Tumor Accumulation ◽  
Work Done

Cancer is one of the reason for mortality and its individual and collective impact is substantial. Conventional chemotherapy utilizes drugs that can destroy Tumor cells effectively. But these agents destroy healthy cells along with the tumor cells, leading to many adverse effects which include hypersensitivity reactions, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. To minimize the adverse effects, various drug delivery systems (DDSs) has been developed. Among them, nanoparticles are attractive platforms for it. So this review paper explores the recent work done on targeted delivery, enhancing tumor accumulation and longer blood circulation using more effective biomaterial that will enhance the properties of nanoparticles. Moreover, various target-specific delivery of drugs like antibody-targeted, targeting delivery through angiogenesis, mitochondria, CD44 receptor are also explained.

scholarly journals Bortezomib-based therapy in non-transplant multiple myeloma patients: a retrospective cohort study from the FABIO project

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062072199648
Author(s):  
Matteo Franchi ◽  
Claudia Vener ◽  
Donatella Garau ◽  
Ursula Kirchmayer ◽  
Mirko Di Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Model Average ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
First Line Treatment

Introduction: Randomized clinical trials showed that bortezomib, in addition to conventional chemotherapy, improves survival and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation. The aim of this retrospective population-based cohort study is the evaluation of both clinical and economic profile of bortezomib-based versus conventional chemotherapy in daily clinical practice. Methods: Healthcare utilization databases of six Italian regions were used to identify adult patients with non-transplant MM, who started a first-line therapy with bortezomib-based or conventional chemotherapy. Patients were matched by propensity score and were followed from treatment start until death, lost to follow-up or study end-point. Overall survival (OS) and restricted mean survival time (RMST) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Association between first-line treatment and risk of death was estimated by a conditional Cox proportional regression model. Average mean cumulative costs were estimated and compared between groups. Results: In the period 2010–2016, 3509 non-transplant MM patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 1157 treated with bortezomib-based therapy were matched to 1826 treated with conventional chemotherapy. Median OS and RMST were 33.9 and 27.9 months, and 42.9 and 38.4 months, respectively, in the two treatment arms. Overall, these values corresponded to a HR of death of 0.79 (95% CI 0.71–0.89) over a time horizon of 84 months. Average cumulative cost were 83,839 € and 54,499 €, respectively, corresponding to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 54,333 € per year of life gained, a cost coherent with the willingness-to-pay thresholds frequently adopted from Western countries. Conclusions: These data suggested that, in a large cohort of non-transplant MM patients treated outside the experimental setting, first-line treatment with bortezomib-based therapy was associated with a favourable effectiveness and cost-effectiveness profile.

Experiences of job demand and control: A study of first line managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Linda Widar ◽  
Erika Wall ◽  
Sven Svensson
Keyword(s):  
First Line ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
Organizational Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Line Manager ◽  
Addiction Care ◽  
And Control ◽  
Demand Control

BACKGROUND: The complex position of a first line manager is characterized by heavy workload and contradictory demands. Little is known about how first line managers experience demand and control in their work. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore experiences of demand and control among first line managers within psychiatric and addiction care. METHOD: In the present study, interviews with ten managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care in Sweden were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. RESULTS: The managers experiences of demand and control implied varied and extensive responsibilities for a wide range of professions; regulation by organizational, economic, and political frameworks; creating balance in their work; and handling the emergence and consequences of acute crisis. These experiences of demand and control involved high and contradictory demands together with coexisting high and low levels of control. Many of their work characteristics could be described in terms of both demand and control. CONSLUSION: The first line managers experiences of demand and control are more complex than implied by the job demand control theory. Our results suggest that the organizational position and branch should be considered when identifying health hazards in the work environment of first line managers.

scholarly journals Applicability of Honey on Silkworms (Bombyx mori) and Quality Improvement of Its Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4613
Author(s):  
Gabriela-Maria Baci ◽  
Alexandra-Antonia Cucu ◽  
Adela Ramona Moise ◽  
Daniel Severus Dezmirean
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times, honey has been considered one of the most illustrious and esteemed natural products. Honey plays two key roles; specifically, it is an appreciated nutritional product, and also exhibits a wide range of beneficial properties for human health as a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, it has been shown that honey has valuable effects on the biological and physiological features of mulberry silkworms (Bombyx mori). Bombyx mori exhibits importance not only for the economy, but it also serves as an important biotechnological bioreactor for the production of recombinant proteins that have a great impact in the medical field and beyond. It also represents an important model organism for life sciences. In view of the fact that silk fibroin serves as a natural biopolymer that displays high biocompatibility with human organisms and due to honey’s various and remarkable properties for human health, the two elements are currently used together in order to develop ideal biomaterials for a wide range of purposes. In this review, by discussing the applicability of honey on Bombyx mori and beyond, the importance of honey for life sciences and related fields is spotlighted.

scholarly journals Cardiooncology—dealing with modern drug treatment, long-term complications, and cancer survivorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Wall ◽  
Johann Bauersachs ◽  
Dominik Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
Modern Drug

AbstractModern treatment strategies have improved prognosis and survival of patients with malignant diseases. The key components of tumor treatment are conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Cardiovascular side-effects may occur in the early phase of tumor therapy or even decades later. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of acute and long-lasting cardiac side effects of anti-cancer therapies are essential. Cardiotoxicity impairs quality of life and overall survival. The new cardiologic subspecialty ‘cardio-oncology’ deals with the different cardiovascular problems arising from tumor treatment and the relationship between cancer and heart diseases. Early detection and treatment of cardiotoxicity is of crucial importance. A detailed cardiac assessment of patients prior to administration of cardiotoxic agents, during and after treatment should be performed in all patients. The current review focusses on acute and long-term cardiotoxic side effects of classical cytotoxic and selected modern drug treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses strategies for the diagnosis of treatment-related adverse cardiovascular effects in cancer patients.

Photoactive conjugated polymer/graphdiyne nanocatalyst for CO2 reduce into CO in living cells for hypoxia tumor treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endong Zhang ◽  
Zicheng Zuo ◽  
Wen Yu ◽  
Hao Zhao ◽  
Shengpeng Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Co Gas

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy has grown to be an emerging tumor therapy strategy to avoid low treatment efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) caused by the hypoxia tumor microenvironment. However,...

scholarly journals The benefits and risks of pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy in small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm meta-analysis of noncomparative clinical studies and randomized control trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiangyun Liu ◽  
Yixuan Zhang ◽  
Miaowen Liu ◽  
Ruoxin Xu ◽  
Fengming Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
First Line ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Line Therapy

Abstract Background Although pembrolizumab has shown clinical benefit in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), its actual efficacy in combination with a conventional chemotherapy drug has not been determined. We performed this study to discern the efficacy and risk of pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy in SCLC patients. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies. The main outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results We identified 2980 articles and included 6 studies (5 were noncomparative open-label studies and 1 was a randomized controlled trial [RCT]) involving 396 patients in our meta-analysis. The pooled median OS (mOS) was 9.6 months (95% CI, 8.0-11.2), and the pooled median PFS (mPFS) was 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.2-6.1). The 1-year overall survival rate (OSR-1y) and 6-month progression-free survival rate (PFSR-6m) were 45.1% (95% CI, 33-57.2%) and 41.6% (95% CI, 24.3-59%), respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) was 38.8% (95% CI, 11.9-65.67%), disease control rate (DCR) was 69.30% (95% CI, 51.6-87.0%), complete response (CR) was 2.20% (95% CI, 0.8-3.7%), partial response (PR) was 34.70% (95% CI, 7.8-61.5%), and stable disease (SD) was 20.90% (95% CI, 9.1-32.6%). The grade 3-4 adverse effect (AE) rate was 20.88% (95% CI, 1.22-54.85%). The most common AEs were neutropenia (90.16%), anemia (53.21%), dysphagia (41.96%), platelet count decrease (34.87%), and esophagitis (32.89%); severe AEs included neutropenia, respiratory failure, pneumonitis, acute coronary syndrome, and colitis/intestinal ischemia. Conclusions The combination of pembrolizumab with conventional chemotherapy is an effective therapeutic schedule with acceptable and manageable efficacy and toxicity in patients with SCLC. More high-quality and well-designed RCTs with large sample sizes are warranted to further validate our findings.

scholarly journals Rhamnolipid-coated W/O/W double emulsion nanoparticles for efficient delivery of doxorubicin/erlotinib and combination chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeeun Lee ◽  
Donghyun Lee ◽  
Eunyoung Park ◽  
Seok-young Jang ◽  
Seo Young Cheon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Background Combination therapy using more than one drug can result in a synergetic effect in clinical treatment of cancer. For this, it is important to develop an efficient drug delivery system that can contain multiple drugs and provide high accumulation in tumor tissue. In particular, simultaneous and stable loading of drugs with different chemical properties into a single nanoparticle carrier is a difficult problem. Results We developed rhamnolipid-coated double emulsion nanoparticles containing doxorubicin and erlotinib (RL-NP-DOX-ERL) for efficient drug delivery to tumor tissue and combination chemotherapy. The double emulsion method enabled simultaneous loading of hydrophilic DOX and hydrophobic ERL in the NPs, and biosurfactant RL provided stable surface coating. The resulting NPs showed fast cellular uptake and synergetic tumor cell killing in SCC7 cells. In real-time imaging, they showed high accumulation in SCC7 tumor tissue in mice after intravenous injection. Furthermore, enhanced tumor suppression was observed by RL-NP-DOX-ERL in the same mouse model compared to control groups using free drugs and NPs containing a single drug. Conclusions The developed RL-NP-DOX-ERL provided efficient delivery of DOX and ERL to tumor tissue and successful tumor therapy with a synergetic effect. Importantly, this study demonstrated the promising potential of double-emulsion NPs and RL coating for combination therapy. Graphical Abstract

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