scholarly journals Salmon Fillet Intake Led to Higher Serum Triacylglycerol in Obese Zucker Fa/Fa Rats But Not in Normolipidemic Long-Evans Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Vikøren ◽  
Aslaug Drotningsvik ◽  
Svein Mjøs ◽  
Gunnar Mellgren ◽  
Oddrun Gudbrandsen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Triacylglycerol Concentration ◽  
Salmon Fillet ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Salmon Diet

The triacylglycerol lowering effect of fatty fish and fish oils is well recognized, however we recently showed that salmon intake resulted in higher serum triacylglycerol concentration in obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Since effects of salmon fillet have never before been studied in rats, the objective of this study was to compare effects of salmon intake on serum lipids in hyperlipidemic obese rats with normolipidemic lean rats. Zucker fa/fa rats and Long-Evans rats were fed diets with 25% protein from baked salmon fillet and 75% protein from casein, or casein as sole protein source (control group) for four weeks. Serum triacylglycerol concentration was higher, and cholesterol and apolipoproteinB-100 concentrations were lower in Zucker fa/fa rats fed Baked Salmon Diet compared to Zucker fa/fa rats fed Control Diet, with no differences in serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol and apolipoproteinB-100 between Long-Evans rats fed Baked Salmon Diet or Control Diet. Serum triacylglycerol fatty acid composition showed greater similarities to dietary fatty acids in Zucker fa/fa rats than in Long-Evans rats. To conclude, intake of baked salmon fillet resulted in higher serum triacylglycerol concentration and lower serum cholesterol concentration in hyperlipidemic obese Zucker fa/fa rats but did not affect serum lipids in normolipidemic lean Long-Evans rats.

Dietary fenugreek seed regresses preestablished cholesterol gallstones in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 684-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L.R. Reddy ◽  
K. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Induction Period ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Cholesterol Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Biliary Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds

An animal study was carried out to evaluate the influence of dietary fenugreek seeds on regression of preestablished cholesterol gallstones (CGS). CGS was induced by feeding a high-cholesterol diet for 10 weeks. After CGS induction, the animals were maintained for a further 10 weeks on experimental diets of high cholesterol, 6% fenugreek powder, 12% fenugreek powder, or basal control. Incidence of CGS and its severity were evaluated at the end of this feeding regimen. The incidence of CGS was significantly lowered as a result of dietary fenugreek seeds, the extent of regression being 61% and 64% in the low and high dose groups compared with 10% regression in the basal control group. The antilithogenic influence of dietary fenugreek was accompanied by significant reductions of more than 35% in serum cholesterol concentration. Hepatic cholesterol concentration was also profoundly lowered by dietary fenugreek, being 53%–63% lower than that of the basal control diet. Biliary cholesterol concentration was significantly lower as a result of dietary fenugreek during the post-CGS induction period, resulting in a decreased cholesterol:phospholipid ratio (0.44 and 0.40 compared with 0.79 in the basal control group). Biliary cholesterol : bile acid ratio was lowered by 67% and 73% upon feeding fenugreek, significantly lower than that in the basal control group. The cholesterol saturation index in the bile was also beneficially lowered by fenugreek treatment during the post-CGS induction period (the index was 0.90 and 0.42 compared with 1.86 in the basal control group). The present study provides evidence of the potency of hypolipidemic fenugreek seeds in regressing preestablished CGS, and this beneficial antilithogenic effect is attributable to its primary influence on cholesterol levels. This finding is significant in the context of evolving a dietary strategy to address CGS, which could help in preventing the incidence and regression of existing CGS and controlling possible recurrence.

scholarly journals Antioxidant supplementation and serum lipids in patients with Graves' disease: Effect on LDL-cholesterol

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vrca ◽  
Ljiljana Mayer ◽  
Franjo Škreb ◽  
Dario Rahelić ◽  
Srećko Marušić
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Disease Effect

Antioxidant supplementation and serum lipids in patients with Graves' disease: Effect on LDL-cholesterol The effect of supplementation with a fixed combination of antioxidants (beta-carotene, selenium, vitamins C and E) on serum lipids was monitored in patients with newly detected Graves' disease. Measurements were made prior to the commencement of therapy and after 30 and 60 days. Patients were randomized into two groups. Test group comprised patients who received antioxidant supplementation in addition to methimazole, while patients treated with methimazole only were in the control group. The concentration of total and HDL-cholesterol increased significantly in test and control groups (p < 0.05) but these groups did not differ significantly. Concentration of LDL-cholesterol increased significantly in the test group only (p < 0.005) and was significantly different from the control group 60 days after the commencement of therapy (p < 0.005). Significant increase in the LDL-cholesterol concentration in the test group requires further investigations.

The effect of bromocriptine on mammary-gland ultrastructure of hyperprolactinemic rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
I.C. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dopamine Agonist ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Long Evans

In women, hyperprolactinemia is often due to a prolactin (PRL)-secreting adenoma or PRL cell hyperplasia. RRL excess stimulates the mammary glands and causes proliferation of the alveolar epithelium. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits PRL secretion and is given to women to treat nonpuerperal galactorrhea. Old female rats have been reported to have PRL cell hyperplasia or adenoma leading to PRL hypersecretion and breast stimulation. Herein, we describe the effect of bromocriptine and consequently the reduction in serum PRL levels on the ultrastructure of rat mammary glands.Female Long-Evans rats, 23 months of age, were divided into control and bromocriptine-treated groups. The control animals were injected subcutaneously once daily with a 10% ethanol vehicle and were later divided into a normoprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels under 30 ng/ml and a hyperprolactinemic control group with serum PRL levels above 30 ng/ml.

Dietary Calcium Supplementation Suppresses Bone Formation in Magnesium-Deficient Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Jinhai Bai ◽  
Zhipeng Ao ◽  
Zehong Wei ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera

The present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BP for 8 weeks. The results showed that increasing levels of paper mulberry linearly and quadratically decreased the special gain rate (SGR) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of grass carp (p < 0.05). Significantly positive quadratic trends were found between paper mulberry levels and muscle crude fat or crude protein of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the 10%BP and 15%BP groups had significantly decreased muscle crude fat and increased crude protein (p < 0.05). The levels of paper mulberry resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in water loss of grass carp muscle (p < 0.05), and all groups with paper mulberry supplementation were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Significant positive linear and quadratic trends were found between the paper mulberry levels and muscle fiber diameter or density of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the significant differences were found in the 15%BP and 20%BP groups (p < 0.05). The muscle adhesiveness and hardness linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing levels of paper mulberry (p < 0.05), and both of which increased significantly when the level of paper mulberry reached 10% (p < 0.05). In addition, the increase in paper mulberry linearly and quadratically improved the expressions of myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and myostatin 1 (MSTN1) (p < 0.05). When the supplementation of paper mulberry reached 15%, the expressions of all these mRNAs were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In summary, adding 5% paper mulberry did not affect the growth of grass carp. However, the supplementation of 10% paper mulberry could improve muscle quality through improving muscle hardness, reducing fat accumulation and muscle fiber diameter, at the cost of reducing growth performance.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper sources on performance, gastric ghrelin-RNA expression, and growth hormone concentrations in serum in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4242-4247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Gonzalez-Esquerra ◽  
Raquel B Araujo ◽  
Douglas Haese ◽  
Joao L Kill ◽  
Anderson F Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Copper Chloride ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone

Abstract Two performance studies were conducted to investigate the effects of 3 different sources of Cu on production parameters of piglets. A total of 256 piglets weaned at 24 ± 2 d were randomly allocated into 4 treatments with 10 or 8 replicates per treatment of 4 or 3 piglets per pen in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental period was divided into 3 feeding phases: Phase 1 (24 to 35 d), Phase 2 (36 to 49 d), and Phase 3 (50 to 70 d). Treatments included a Control group (fed 10 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4), a group fed 160 mg/kg of either CuSO4 (CuSO4-160) or tri-basic copper chloride (TBCC), and a group fed Cu methionine hydroxy analogue chelated (Cu-MHAC) at 150, 80, and 50 mg/kg in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The methionine value of Cu-MHAC was accounted during diet formulation to achieve the same levels of methionine across treatments. Phases 1 and 2 diets contained 2,200 and 1,500 ppm of ZnO, respectively; and antibiotics were used as growth promoters. Performance parameters were analyzed as completely randomized block design, in which each experiment was considered as a block. In trial 2, blood serum and mucosal samples, from the fundic region of the stomach, were collected from 1 piglet per replicate at day 70 and tested for serum growth hormone levels (GH) and ghrelin mRNA expression, respectively. The contrast between Cu-MHAC vs. CuSO4-160 + TBCC showed that piglets fed Cu-MHAC exhibited better feed conversion ratio (FCR) in all feeding phases compared with feeding inorganic Cu (P < 0.05). Overall, feeding Cu-MHAC improved body weight (BW), BW gain, feed intake (FI), and FCR vs. Control diet fed piglets; yet, it improved BW and FCR vs. TBCC fed piglets, and improved BW, BW gain, and FI vs. CuSO4-160 fed piglets (P < 0.05). Feeding TBCC promoted similar performance than feeding CuSO4-160, regardless of age (P > 0.05). Both ghrelin expression and growth hormone serum levels were significantly increased by feeding Cu-MHAC vs. Control diet fed animals (P < 0.01). Feeding CuSO4-160 upregulated ghrelin expression vs. Control (P < 0.01) while GH serum levels and ghrelin expression did no change by feeding TBCC compared with Control diet fed animals (P > 0.05). It was concluded that feeding Cu-MHAC at the levels tested herein can improve growth performance of piglets beyond feeding 160 ppm of either CuSO4 or TBCC, which may be partially explained by the increased expression of ghrelin and GH serum levels.

scholarly journals Effects of a Trans-Galactooligosaccharide on Minerals Content of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ziółkowska ◽  
Joanna Bogucka ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Mateusz Rawski ◽  
Szymon Różański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Freeze Dried

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is a dominant fish species in aquaculture, and as it is a stomachless species, absorption and digestion of nutrients take place in the intestine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a prebiotic on the content of selected minerals found in the meat, gills, and skeleton of common carp. The research applied trans-galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic produced by enzymatic transgalactosylation of milk lactose by whole cells of Bifidobacterium bifidum. The following diets have been applied: control diet without feed additives (C), diet 2 (B1) with 1% of GOS, and diet 3 (B2) with 2% of GOS. In the freeze-dried samples, concentrations of the analyzed metals were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The content of phosphorus was determined using colorimetric method. The analyses confirmed that the highest level of Mg was detected in the skeleton of fish fed with 1% GOS (2.51 g kg−1) and was significantly higher compared the control treatment (2.11 g kg−1) (P < 0.05). Zn content in fish meat fed with 1% GOS (35.41 mg kg−1) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group (24.59 mg kg−1). The tissue that accumulated the greatest amount of Zn was the gills. GOS had a positive effect on Fe accumulation in the meat, gills, and skeleton. It has been concluded that supplementation of feed with 2% GOS significantly influenced the positive correlations between Mg and P in the meat and skeleton, Fe–Ca correlation in gills, and Fe–Zn correlation in the skeleton.

scholarly journals Pharmacoinformatics and UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-Based Phytochemical Screening of Combretum indicum against Oxidative Stress and Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Long–Evans Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Md. Shaekh Forid ◽  
Md. Atiar Rahman ◽  
Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi ◽  
Md. Nazim Uddin ◽  
Tapashi Ghosh Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

This research investigated a UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based phytochemical profiling of Combretum indicum leaf extract (CILEx), and explored its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a Long–Evans rat model. After a one-week intervention, the animals’ blood glucose, lipid profile, and pancreatic architectures were evaluated. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS fragmentation of CILEx and its eight docking-guided compounds were further dissected to evaluate their roles using bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools. Results showed a very promising antioxidative effect of CILEx. Both doses of CILEx were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pancreatic tissue architectures were much improved compared to the diabetic control group. A computational approach revealed that schizonepetoside E, melianol, leucodelphinidin, and arbutin were highly suitable for further therapeutic assessment. Arbutin, in a Gene Ontology and PPI network study, evolved as the most prospective constituent for 203 target proteins of 48 KEGG pathways regulating immune modulation and insulin secretion to control diabetes. The fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds are consistent with the obtained effects for CILEx. Results show that the natural compounds from CILEx could exert potential antidiabetic effects through in vivo and computational study.

scholarly journals Arthrospira Platensis (Spirulina) Supplementation on Laying Hens’ Performance: Eggs Physical, Chemical, and Sensorial Qualities

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omri ◽  
Amraoui ◽  
Tarek ◽  
Lucarini ◽  
Durazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
The Impact

The present study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of spirulina on laying hens’ performances: Eggs’ physical, chemical, and sensorial qualities. A total of 45 Lohman White hens, 44 weeks of age, were randomized into 3 groups of 15 birds. Hens were given 120 g/d of a basal diet containing 0% (control), 1.5%, and 2.5% of spirulina for 6 weeks. Albumen height and consequently Haugh unit were significantly affected by dietary supplementation of spirulina (p < 0.05) and by weeks on diet (p < 0.05). This supplement did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolk weight or height. However, spirulina increased egg yolk redness (a*) from 1.33 (C) to 12.67 (D1) and 16.19 (D2) and reduced (p < 0.05) the yellowness (b*) parameter from 62.1(C) to 58.17 (D1) and 55.87 (D2). Egg yolks from hens fed spirulina were darker, more red, and less yellow in color than egg yolks from hens fed the control-diet (p < 0.0001). However, spirulina did not affect (p > 0.05) egg yolks’ total cholesterol concentration. In conclusion, a significant enhancement of egg yolk color was found in response to spirulina supplementation. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the impact of spirulina on egg yolks’ fatty acids profile.

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