scholarly journals The Influence of the Duration of Breastfeeding on the Infant’s Metabolic Epigenome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pauwels ◽  
Lin Symons ◽  
Eva-Lynn Vanautgaerden ◽  
Manosij Ghosh ◽  
Radu Corneliu Duca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Nutrition in the postnatal period is associated with metabolic programming. One of the presumed underlying mechanisms involves epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation). Breastfeeding has an unknown impact on DNA methylation at a young age. Within the Maternal Nutrition and Offspring’s Epigenome (MANOE) study, we assessed the effect of breastfeeding duration on infant growth and buccal methylation in obesity-related genes (n = 101). A significant difference was found between infant growth and buccal RXRA and LEP methylation at 12 months of breastfeeding. For RXRA CpG2 methylation, a positive association was found with duration of breastfeeding (slope = 0.217; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 0.330; p < 0.001). For RXRA CpG3 and CpG, mean methylation levels were significantly lower when children were breastfed for 4–6 months compared to non-breastfed children (only CpG3), and those breastfed for 7–9 months, 10–12 months, or 1–3 months. On the other hand, higher LEP CpG3 methylation was observed when mothers breastfed 7–9 months (6.1%) as compared to breastfeeding for 1–3 months (4.3%; p = 0.007) and 10–12 months (4.6%; p = 0.04). In addition, we observed that infant weight was significantly lower when children were breastfed for 10–12 months. Breastfeeding duration was associated with epigenetic variations in RXRA and LEP at 12 months and with infant biometry/growth. Our results support the hypothesis that breastfeeding could induce epigenetic changes in infants.

scholarly journals DNA methylation mediates the association between breastfeeding and early-life growth trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Briollais ◽  
Denis Rustand ◽  
Catherine Allard ◽  
Yanyan Wu ◽  
Jingxiong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Genome Wide

Abstract Background The role of breastfeeding in modulating epigenetic factors has been suggested as a possible mechanism conferring its benefits on child development but it lacks evidence. Using extensive DNA methylation data from the ALSPAC child cohort, we characterized the genome-wide landscape of DNA methylation variations associated with the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and assessed whether these variations mediate the association between exclusive breastfeeding and BMI over different epochs of child growth. Results Exclusive breastfeeding elicits more substantial DNA methylation variations during infancy than at other periods of child growth. At the genome-wide level, 13 CpG sites in girls (miR-21, SNAPC3, ATP6V0A1, DHX15/PPARGC1A, LINC00398/ALOX5AP, FAM238C, NATP/NAT2, CUX1, TRAPPC9, OSBPL1A, ZNF185, FAM84A, PDPK1) and 2 CpG sites in boys (IL16 and NREP), mediate the association between exclusive breastfeeding and longitudinal BMI. We found enrichment of CpG sites located within miRNAs and key pathways (AMPK signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, endocytosis). Overall DNA methylation variation corresponding to 3 to 5 months of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with slower BMI growth the first 6 years of life compared to no breastfeeding and in a dose–response manner with exclusive breastfeeding duration. Conclusions Our study confirmed the early postnatal period as a critical developmental period associated with substantial DNA methylation variations, which in turn could mitigate the development of overweight and obesity from infancy to early childhood. Since an accelerated growth during these developmental periods has been linked to the development of sustained obesity later in life, exclusive breastfeeding could have a major role in preventing the risks of overweight/obesity and children and adults through DNA methylation mechanisms occurring early in life.

scholarly journals The Association between Asthma and Obesity in Children – Inflammatory and Mechanical Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1314-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cvejoska-Cholakovska ◽  
Mirjana Kocova ◽  
Vesna Velikj-Stefanovska ◽  
Emilija Vlashki
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Obesity In Children

BACKGROUND: Association of asthma and obesity has been demonstrated in numerous epidemiological studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of the association are not well understood. Both conditions are characterised by chronic tissue inflammation, which includes numerous different inflammatory markers, and possible atopy. AIM: The study aimed to investigate the association between asthma and obesity in children and assess several of potential underlying mechanisms, including the parameters of systemic inflammation (CRP, fibrinogen) and the mechanical effect of obesity on the respiratory system through parameters of lung function. An additional aim was to examine the role of atopy in overweight children with asthma and to investigate the type of respiratory inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 72 patients in the age group of 7-15 years, including 38 with high body mass index (BMI), 16 with asthma and normal BMI, and 18 with asthma and high BMI for sex and age. Non-specific inflammatory markers (fibrinogen, CRP), eosinophilia, and total serum IgE were investigated. The patients underwent a skin prick test (SPT) with standard inhalant allergen extracts, measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide Fe (NO), and an assessment of lung function. RESULTS: In overweight groups of children we determined significantly higher values (p < 0.001) of both acute inflammatory reactants, CRP and fibrinogen, with no difference between children with and without asthma. There was a significant increase in eosinophilia, total IgE, and positive SPT in the asthmatic groups compared to the group of non-asthmatic patients (p < 0.001 for the three parameters). Compared to the group composed of overweight patients without asthma, the asthmatic patients had higher NO values (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the lung function parameters was found between the three groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A positive association between asthma and obesity with inflammation as an underlying mechanism, eosinophilic one in asthmatic patients and non-eosinophilic one in overweight patients, was determined. It seems that the lung function parameters did not differ between asthmatic patients and overweight patients. No influence of atopy in the association between asthma and obesity was verified. Further analyses of specific inflammatory markers, for an in-depth evaluation of the mechanisms leading to the association of obesity and asthma, are warranted.

scholarly journals Abnormal lipid metabolism in metabolic syndrome: an epigenetic perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Brudașcă ◽  
Mircea Cucuianu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Metabolic syndrome is a complex pathology including central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes, an atherogenic dyslipidemia and a prothrombotic state. A new perspective on understanding the mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome is provided by the epigenetic changes (mainly DNA methylation and histone covalent modifications), which influence gene expression without changing of the DNA sequence. DNA methylation (mainly in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A gene) and histone modifications were shown to be associated with VLDL and LDL phenotypes, with hyperglycemia and reduced level of HDL cholesterol, with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and with progression of atherosclerotic occlusion in peripheral arteries. The epigenetic changes can occur in the prenatal period, throughout the life span, and can be transmitted to the offspring. Both poor maternal nutrition and maternal obesity, diabetes and overfeeding can result in epigenetic alterations that amplify the risk of metabolic syndrome for the offspring. Throughout life span, environmental factors, such as nutrition and exercise can induce epigenetic changes influencing the evolution of the metabolic syndrome (through adipocyte metabolism and insulin signaling pathway). The epigenetic modifications are not completely erased during gametogenesis and embryogensis, resulting in a transgenerational transmission of an epigenetic state up to the fifth generation. Epigenetic mechanisms are an interface between environmental stimuli and resulting phenotype by inducing a certain transcriptional state, which may be also transmitted to the next generation(s) and which may predispose to an increased risk for developing metabolic syndrome in the context of a mismatched environment. Elucidating epigenetic modulation might provide additional information about risk evaluation and more targeted therapeutical intervention.

Relationship between prenatal and postnatal conditions and accelerated postnatal growth. Impact on the rigidity of the arterial wall and obesity in childhood

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mora-Urda ◽  
P. Acevedo ◽  
M. P. Montero López
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

AbstractRestricted growth in utero and accelerated postnatal growth (APG) in the postnatal period have been associated with the development of overweight, obesity and an increased cardiovascular risk in childhood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of prenatal and perinatal conditions on APG and to evaluate the influence of this APG on different cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure (BP) and arterial wall stiffness [carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV)]. All measurements were performed in 355 children (185 boys and 170 girls; 8–11 years). Data on mother weight before and during pregnancy, gestational age (weeks), birth weight (g) and breastfeeding of children were obtained through interviews with families. Children who presented APG were born of mothers with lower BMIs before pregnancy and who gained less weight during the second trimester of pregnancy. They also have a lower gestational age and birth weight, a shorter duration of breastfeeding and a longer duration of artificial feeding (AF). Later in childhood, they had higher values of cf-PWV, BMI, FMI and higher prevalence of hypertension. Low maternal gestational weight gain, inadequate fetal development (low birth weight, shorter gestational age) and reduced breastfeeding duration favor APG. Infants with such APG had higher values of cf-PWV, BP, BMI and FMI later in childhood, along with a higher risk of hypertension and obesity. The interaction between APG and a longer duration of AF had a negative effect on cf-PWV (arterial stiffness) and FMI.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in Response to Tai Chi Practice: A Pilot Investigation of DNA Methylation Marks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Ren ◽  
Veronica Collins ◽  
Sandy J. Clarke ◽  
Jin-Song Han ◽  
Paul Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarker

Tai chi exercise has been shown to improve physiological and psychosocial functions, well-being, quality of life, and disease conditions. The biological mechanisms by which tai chi exerts its holistic effects remain unknown. We investigated whether tai chi practice results in positive epigenetic changes at the molecular level.Design. The DNA methylation profiles of sixty CpG-dinucleotide marks in female tai chi practitioners (N=237; 45–88 years old) who have been practising tai chi for three or more years were compared with those of age-matched control females (N=263) who have never practised tai chi.Results. Six CpG marks originating from three different chromosomes reveal a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two cohorts. Four marks show losses while two marks show gains in DNA methylation with age in the controls. In the tai chi cohort all six marks demonstrate significant slowing (by 5–70%) of the age-related methylation losses or gains observed in the controls, suggesting that tai chi practice may be associated with measurable beneficial epigenetic changes.Conclusions. The results implicate the potential use of DNA methylation as an epigenetic biomarker to better understand the biological mechanisms and the health and therapeutic efficacies of tai chi.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance in Obese Children and Adolescents in Relation to Breastfeeding Duration

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Mohammed Helmi Mahmoud Emara ◽  
Shaymaa Mohamed Elrifaey ◽  
Wessam Salah Mohamed ◽  
Ashraf Abd Elmonaem Elsharkawy ◽  
Adel Ali Erfan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

Background: Childhood obesity is unarguably a major public health challenge, which is associated with the incidence of many health problems like insulin resistance which is the main trigger of metabolic syndrome, that is characterized by many comorbidities like dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, steatosis and many cardiovascular problems. Breast milk is an essential way for supplying the needed nutrients for infants’ growth and development. The aim of this work was to assess insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents and to detect its relation to duration of breastfeeding. Methods: This case controlled study was started at June 2018 till July 2020 and carried out on 120 children who were divided into 2 equal groups: Group (1) obese children. Group (2) healthy controls -of matched age and sex- that weren’t obese. Results: Weight, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure were significantly higher among obese children than healthy controls. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding duration of breastfeeding. HOMA-IR was higher among obese children who received shorter duration of breastfeeding but without statistically significant difference. There was a significant positive correlation between HOMA-IR of obese children and both of fasting blood glucose and fasting serum insulin levels. While a significant                             negative correlation was observed between HOMA-IR and high density lipoproteins of obese children. Conclusion: Obese children and adolescents had higher HOMA-IR indices than healthy controls which indicate their predisposition for having insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. HOMA-IR can be used as a useful tool for evaluation of metabolic syndrome risk in obese children as evidenced by the strong correlation between it and other components of metabolic syndrome. No significant relation was found between insulin resistance and breastfeeding duration in obese children and adolescents.

DNA Methylation at Birth Is Associated with Adiposity and Infant Growth during the First Six Months of Life in the Healthy Start Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 342-OR
Author(s):  
SARAH J. BORENGASSER ◽  
ANNE P. STARLING ◽  
WEIMING ZHANG ◽  
JACOB FRIEDMAN ◽  
RICHARD F. HAMMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Healthy Start

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

Epigenetics, Nutrition, Disease and Drug Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Novel Drug

Epigenetic mechanisms comprising of DNA methylation, histone modifications and gene silencing by RNA interference have been strongly linked to the development and progression of various diseases. These findings have triggered research on epigenetic functions and signal pathways as targets for novel drug discovery. Dietary intake has also presented significant influence on human health and disease development and nutritional modifications have proven important in prevention, but also the treatment of disease. Moreover, a strong link between nutrition and epigenetic changes has been established. Therefore, in attempts to develop novel safer and more efficacious drugs, both nutritional requirements and epigenetic mechanisms need to be addressed.

Epigenetic Studies in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Rafael Penadés ◽  
Bárbara Arias ◽  
Mar Fatjó-Vilas ◽  
Laura González-Vallespí ◽  
Clemente García-Rizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Psychological Treatments ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact

Background: Epigenetic modifications appear to be dynamic and they might be affected by environmental factors. The possibility of influencing these processes through psychotherapy has been suggested. Objective: To analyse the impact of psychotherapy on epigenetics when applied to mental disorders. The main hypothesis is that psychological treatments will produce epigenetic modifications related to the improvement of treated symptoms. Methods: A computerised and systematic search was completed throughout the time period from 1990 to 2019 on the PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. Results: In total, 11 studies were selected. The studies were evaluated for the theoretical framework, genes involved, type of psychotherapy and clinical challenges and perspectives. All studies showed detectable changes at the epigenetic level, like DNA methylation changes, associated with symptom improvement after psychotherapy. Conclusion: Methylation profiles could be moderating treatment effects of psychotherapy. Beyond the detected epigenetic changes after psychotherapy, the epigenetic status before the implementation could act as an effective predictor of response.

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