scholarly journals Acute/Subacute and Sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity of a Hidroxytyrosol-Rich Virgin Olive Oil Extract

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez-Lara ◽  
Mesa ◽  
Aragón-Vela ◽  
Casuso ◽  
Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Chronic Study ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to determine the acute (one single dose), subacute (14 days), and sub-chronic (90 days) toxicity of an aqueous virgin olive oil (VOO) extract rich in hydroxytyrosol in rats. For acute/subacute toxicity, rats were divided into three groups. The control group received distilled water (n = 9), another experimental group received a single dose of 300 mg/kg (n = 3), and a third group received one dose of 2000 mg/kg (n = 4) during 14 days. The sub-chronic study included 60rats distributed in three groups (n = 20: 10 males and 10 females) receiving daily different three doses of the VOO extract in the drinking water during 90 days: (1) 100 mg/kg, (2) 300 mg/kg, and (3) 1000 mg/kg. In parallel, a fourth additional group (n = 20: 10 males and 10 females) did not receive any extract (control group). Clinical signs, body weight, functional observations of sensory and motor reactivity, hematological and biochemical analyses, and macroscopic and microscopic histopathology were evaluated. No adverse effects were observed after the administration of the different doses of the hydroxytyrosol-rich VOO extract, which suggests that the enrichment of VOO in its phenolic compound is safe, and can be used as functional foods for the treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 via oral toxicity tests in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239784731880737
Author(s):  
Satoshi Arai ◽  
Jun-ichi Minami ◽  
Masamichi Muto ◽  
Noriyuki Iwabuchi ◽  
Koji Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Dose Oral

In this study, the safety of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274, a probiotic bifidobacterial strain, was assessed by single-dose and 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity studies. In the single-dose oral toxicity assay using 6000 mg/kg of B. breve MCC1274 corresponding to 8.4 × 1011 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg, mortality and adverse effects were not observed. Furthermore, the administration of 1000 mg/kg of B. breve MCC1274 by oral gavage in saline for 90 days did not induce any signs of toxicity, such as changes in clinical signs, body weight (BW), food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weight, gross pathology, and histopathology compared to the control group given cornstarch in saline (10/sex/group). The no-observed-adverse-effect-level of B. breve MCC1274 in the 90-day repeated-dose toxicity study was greater than 1000 mg/kg corresponding to 1.3 × 1011 CFU/kg. Based on the findings of this study, the acceptable daily intake of B. breve MCC1274 was calculated to be 1.3 × 109 CFU/kg BW/day.

scholarly journals Safety Study on Ketoprofen in Pigs: Evaluating the Effects of Different Dosing and Treatment Scheme on Hematological, Hepatic, and Renal Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Luis Emilio Fazzio ◽  
Santiago José Raggio ◽  
Juan Facundo Romero ◽  
Juver Membrebe ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Scheme ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Different Doses

A safety study on ketoprofen 10% was carried out on pigs using a different dosing and treatment scheme. Forty healthy crossbreed pigs with similar age, weight, and body condition score were distributed into five treatment groups. The pigs were intramuscularly injected once with different doses of ketoprofen: 3 mg/kg (group 1X), 6 mg/kg (group 2X), 9 mg/kg (group 3X). In addition, the 3 mg/kg dosis was administered on three consecutive days (group 1X ext.). Intramuscular injections of saline solution were used in control group (CTL). The pigs were clinically examined throughout the trial and blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical evaluation on days −4 (before treatment), +3, +7, and +14 (the end of the trial). Any unusual behaviour or clinical signs were reported as potential toxic effects of ketoprofen. Serum measurements showed that none of the ketoprofen doses produced changes in renal or hepatic biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, or total bilirubin. Likewise, hematological assessment indicated no altered parameters or hematocrit percentage in the study groups. These results demonstrate that ketoprofen has no adverse effects in pigs when the doses and scheme evaluated in this study are applied.

scholarly journals Thirteen-Week Oral Toxicity Study of HVC1 in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kyungjin Lee ◽  
Ho-Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Blood Biochemical

Studies on the safety of herbal medicine are essential for the development of new drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of HVC1 (Gamisamhwangsasim-tang, a 30% ethanol extract of a mixture of Pruni Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Rhei Rhizoma) and identify its target organs after oral administration to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats repeatedly for 13 weeks. Three test groups were treated with HVC1 at a dose of either 500 (low-dose), 1,000 (middle-dose), or 2,000 (high-dose) mg/kg/day. Another group received high-dose HVC1 and was observed for 4 weeks following treatment to examine recovery from the effects of the extract. All treatment groups were compared to a vehicle control group. During the study, mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, abnormal lesions in the eye, urinary parameters, hematological parameters, blood coagulation time, blood biochemical parameters, changes in organ weight, gross findings, and histopathological changes were examined. No systemic toxicity related to HVC1 was observed in any group, and it was concluded that the NOAEL of HVC1 was 2,000 mg/kg/day. No target organ was identified.

scholarly journals Peritoneal fluid changes in horses subjected to small colon distension

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael R Faleiros ◽  
Delphim G Macoris ◽  
Carlos Henrique C Saquetti ◽  
Andrea C Aita ◽  
Anderson Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colon Obstruction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Colon Distension ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Intestinal devitalization in cases of small colon obstruction may be difficult to detect based only in clinical signs. The purpose was to serially evaluate blood and peritoneal fluid of horses subjected to small colon distension. Seventeen adult horses were allotted in three groups. In the small colon-distended group (DG, n=7) a surgically-implanted latex balloon was inflated to promote intraluminal small colon distension. In the shamoperated group (SG, n=5), the balloon was implanted but not inflated, and no surgery was done in the control group (CG, n=5). Blood and peritoneal fluid were sampled before and after (6 samples with a 30-minute interval) intestinal obstruction for cytological and biochemical analyses. No significant changes in clinical signs occurred within groups or across time during the experimental period. There were no statistical differences among SG and SG groups in hematologic and blood chemistry variables. Although total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in peritoneal fluid remained most of the time within reference values during the experimental period in all groups, increases from baseline values were detected in SG and DG groups. Such increases occurred earlier, progressively and with greater magnitude in the DG when compared with the SG (P<0.05). Increases from baselines values were also observed in total nucleated cells and neutrophils counts in the DG (P<0.05). In conclusion, distension of the equine small colon induced progressive subtle increases in total protein and LDH concentrations in the peritoneal fluid during the first hours. Serial evaluation of these variables in peritoneal fluid may be useful for early detection of intestinal devitalization in clinical cases of equine small colon obstruction.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of phenols from a phenol-enriched olive oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Suárez ◽  
Rosa M. Valls ◽  
Maria-Paz Romero ◽  
Alba Macià ◽  
Sara Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
The Individual

Phenolic compounds are one of the main reasons behind the healthy properties of virgin olive oil (VOO). However, their daily intake from VOO is low compared with that obtained from other phenolic sources. Therefore, the intake of VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds could be of interest to increase the daily dose of these beneficial compounds. To evaluate the effectiveness of enrichment on their bioavailability, the concentration of phenolic compounds and their metabolites in human plasma (0, 60, 120, 240 and 300 min) from thirteen healthy volunteers (seven men and six women, aged 25 and 69 years) was determined after the ingestion of a single dose (30 ml) of either enriched virgin olive oil (EVOO) (961·17 mg/kg oil) or control VOO (288·89 mg/kg oil) in a cross-over study. Compared with VOO, EVOO increased plasma concentration of the phenol metabolites, particularly hydroxytyrosol sulphate and vanillin sulphate (P < 0·05). After the consumption of VOO, the maximum concentration of these peaks was reached at 60 min, while EVOO shifted this maximum to 120 min. Despite these differences, the wide variability of results indicates that the absorption and metabolism of olive oil phenols are highly dependent on the individual.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil Modulates Vasodilator Enzyme Level by Repairing Angiogenesis Function in Rat Model of Preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Silvani ◽  
Agnestia Naning Dian Lovita ◽  
Afniari Maharani ◽  
I Wayan Arsana Wiyasa ◽  
Hidayat Sujuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Vegf Level

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) on vasodilator enzyme by repairing angiogenic function in rat model of preeclampsia. Materials and methods: This research consisted of five groups; negative control (normal pregnant rats) group, positive control (preeclampsia rat model) group, preeclampsia rat model groups given EVOO in 3 different doses (0.5 ml/day, 1 ml/day, and 2 ml/day, respectively). Blood pressure measurements were carried out on day 12, 15, and 19 of pregnancy. After the rats were sacrificed, the placentas were collected to determine endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) level of maternal plasma to determine soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) level. Results: There were significant higher sFlt-1 level (p < 0.001), lower VEGF level (p = 0.009), and lower eNOS level (p = 0.034) between negative and positive control groups. After EVOO administration, sFlt-1 level was lower in dose 1 and 2 groups but higher in dose 3 group in accordance with VEGF and eNOS levels that were increasing both in dose 1 and dose 2 groups but decreasing in dose 3. There were significant differences between positive control and dose 1 (p = 0.015) and dose 2 (p = 0.001) in sFlt-1 level. None of all dose groups were statistically different with positive control group in VEGF level (dose 1 p = 0.601; dose 2 p = 0.297; dose 3 p = 0.805). eNOS levels of all dose groups were statistically different from that of the positive control group (dose 1 p = 0.014; dose 2 p = 0.001; dose 3 p = 0.024). Conclusion: Administration of EVOO modulates eNOS as vasodilator enzyme by repairing the angiogenic function indicated by decreased sFlt-1 level and increased VEGF in rat model of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity of Vetom 21.77 Based on Duddingtonia Flagrans in Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Elmira R. Rafikova
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Weight Coefficient ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractA 14-d study was undertaken to test the acute toxicity of a new preparation Vetom 21.77 based on the predacious fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. A total of 40 healthy 5-day-old broiler chickens (Hubbard F15, 100 ± 5 g), that had previously gone through a required 5-days adaptation to the environment, were orally dosed with the drug for 5 consecutive days at different doses, after which their health status was assessed daily up to the end of the experiment. According to the results, no substantial changes in the physiological state of the chickens were detected during the experiment. Internal organs weighing revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups, though weight coefficient values of internal organs of treated chickens slightly exceeded those of the control group. Some haematological parameters were significantly higher in the treatment group, without going beyond reference ranges. All chickens used in the experiment survived the study. The preparation has not produced any toxic effect even at a higher dose (4000 µL/kg bw/day). It is concluded that Vetom 21.77 pertains to preparations of IV toxicity class.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil meningkatkan ekpresi reseptor estrogen α dan ketebalan Endometrium Rattus Norvegicus yang dipapar Rhodamin B

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Ita Noviasari ◽  
I Wayan Arsana Wiyasa ◽  
Hidayat Sujuti ◽  
Eviana Norahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rhodamin B

Abstract: Rhodamin B is harmful to the body because it is proven can increase the oxidative stress on various reproductive chain. Rhodamin B contains compounds of chlorine (Cl), is dangerous and halogen compounds are reactive. Damage to the hypothalamus will interfere with the secretion of FSH and LH cause the follicle ripening so distracted that result in a decrease in the hormone estrogen. The hormone estrogen plays an important role in the menstrual cycle and proliferation of the endometrium. This research aimed to prove the effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) with the expression of estrogen receptors α and endometrial thickness of Rattus norvegicus exposed by rhodamin B. The design used true experimental with an approach of post test only control group design. The research used white rat (Rattus norvegicus wistar strain) as the sample. The results showed that EVOO could become an alternative to prevent oxidative stress due to exposure of rhodamin B.Keywords: Rhodamin B, Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO), Estrogen receptors α, the thickness of the Endometrium

scholarly journals Single dose of secnidazole treatment against naturally occuring Giardia duodenalis infection in Sakiz lambs

2014 ◽  
pp. 4023-4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerem Ural ◽  
Nuran Aysul ◽  
Huseyin Voyvoda ◽  
Bulent Ulutas ◽  
Osman S. Aldemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Giardia Cyst ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Faecal Consistency ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTObjective. The purposes of this study were to determine whether secnidazole administered at a single dose of 10 mg/kg, orally, lessens or eliminates Giardia cyst shedding, and to validate the benefit of secnidazole treatment on clinical signs and faecal consistency in lambs naturally infected with Giardia duodenalis. Materials and methods. To this extent weaned 12 weeks of age lambs were selected and randomly assigned into two groups based on placebo (group C, n=7 untreated control group) or treatment (group S, n=10 lambs treated with a single dose of secnidazole at 10 mg/kg). Results. On days 0 and 10, before and after treatment, respectively, reduction in cyst excretion was determined. The faecal consistency and general health were recorded at each sampling day. Conclusions. During the study there was a high (99.98%) reduction in cyst excretion in the secnidazol treatment group compared to the positive control group on day 10, resulting in a significant (p<0.001) reduction, making secnidazole highly effective treatment option.

scholarly journals Extra Virgin Olive Oil Protects the Testis and Blood from the Toxicity of Paracetamol (Overdose) in Adult Male Rats

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Latifa Ishaq Khayyat
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Paracetamol Overdose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is important in people’s daily diets. Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of EVOO against hematotoxicity and testicular toxicity induced by paracetamol overdose in rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 rats were given water (control), Group 2 rats were given oral EVOO daily (2 mL/kg b.wt.), Group 3 rats were given oral paracetamol daily (650 mg/kg b.wt.), and Group 4 rats were given paracetamol and EVOO daily. After 15 days, blood and testis samples were collected for biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural studies. The results show that paracetamol decreased the PCV, Hb, and RBC counts relative to the control, and significantly increased the WBC counts and stab cells in Group 3. A significant decrease in blood testosterone was found in Group 3 compared to the control, while a significant increase in testosterone levels was observed in Group 4 compared to Group 3. Light and electron microscopy showed disorganized seminiferous tubules in Group 3. The testis in Group 4 appeared in normal shape. In conclusion, the results indicate that EVOO protects the testis and blood from paracetamol toxicity and may also increase fertility in male rats.

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