scholarly journals The Influence of Abiotic Stress Factors on the Morphophysiological and Phytochemical Aspects of the Acclimation of the Plant Rhodiola semenowii Boriss

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Nina V. Terletskaya ◽  
Nazym K. Korbozova ◽  
Nataliya O. Kudrina ◽  
Tatyana N. Kobylina ◽  
Meruert S. Kurmanbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Plant Tissues

Plants of the Crassulaceae family are natural accumulators of many medicinal secondary metabolites (SM). This article describes the study of morphophysiological, anatomic and phytochemical responses of immature plants of Rhodiolla semenovii under water deficit and (or) cold-stress conditions. Changes in biomass production due to water content in plant tissues such as a decrease in water deficit and an increase in cold stress were revealed. A significant decrease in the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions was noted, based on the parameters quantum efficiency of Photosystem II and electron transport rate and energy dissipated in Photosystem II. The greatest decrease in efficiency was pointed out in conditions of water shortage. The anatomical modulations of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stress conditions were found. For the first time, a detailed study of the chemical composition of the ethanol extract of root and shoot of R. semenovii under stress was carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The qualitative and quantitative composition of SM associated with acclimation to the effects of abiotic stresses was determined. Both nonspecific and specific phytochemical changes caused by the action of water deficiency and cold treatment were identified. It has been shown that the antioxidant system in plant tissues is complex, multicomponent, depending on a number of natural and climatic factors. Further research should be focused on the use of abiotic stressors for the targeted synthesis of bioactive SMs valuable for pharmaceutical use.

scholarly journals MsSAMS, A Cold Stress-responsive Gene, Imparts Resistance to Environmental Stress Even in T2 Generation Transgenic Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Lim Choi ◽  
Ji Won Seo ◽  
Myeong Ha Hwang ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Eun Soo Seong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Transgenic Line ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Miscanthus Sinensis ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Synthetase

Abstract This study was conducted to test the expression of the MsSAMS (Miscanthus sinensis S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) gene of T2 generation transgenic plants and to investigate their resistance and functionality to various environmental stresses. SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) revealed that the thickest leaves were from the T6 transgenic line, at 161.24 ± 8.05 µm. Resistance to various factors such as low temperature, drought, and oxidative stress in the T2 generation transgenic plants was also confirmed. Under cold stress conditions, the T6 transgenic line showed the lowest value (22.73%) of ion leakage, and under drought stress conditions, the transgenic lines showed lower ion leakage compared to the control after treatment with any concentration of mannitol. Even under oxidative stress conditions, transgenic plants showed lower ion leakage levels compared to the control after treatment with all concentrations of methyl viologen. Regarding SAMS enzyme activity, as the time of cold treatment increased, the transgenic plants showed a tendency to decrease and then increase (22.75 ± 1.95 mg/ g-FW). Based on these results, it was suggested that the MsSAMS gene induced by cold stress can serve as a marker showing diversity of responding to environmental stresses because resistance to cold damage and various environmental stresses are stably inherited by the T2 generation.

scholarly journals Proline as a probable biomarker of cold stress tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Vera-Hernández ◽  
Marco Antonio Ortega-Ramírez ◽  
Marcelino Martínez Nuñez ◽  
Magali Ruiz-Rivas ◽  
Flor de Fátima Rosas-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Proline Biosynthesis ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Responsive Element ◽  
P5cs Gene

Plants have developed physiological and molecular mechanisms to support and adapt to adverse environments. One response to abiotic stress is the accumulation of free proline (PRO). PRO can induce the expression of many genes, which have the proline-responsive element (PRE) in their promoters, nevertheless due to the complexity of interactions between stress factors and various molecular, biochemical and physiological phenomena it is still unclear whether a more efficient PRO accumulation can be considered a biomarker of tolerance in plants. In the present work, we evaluated the accumulation of PRO in two genotypes of sorghum with contrasting tolerance to cold stress. To explore the cause behind the accumulation of proline under cold stress conditions, we identified the Transcription Factors Binding Sites (TFBS) present in the promoter regions in the genes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of proline in sorghum and other important crops, finding that the untranslated 3 'region P5CS gene contains different TFBS. We found TFBS that could allow the activation of genes involved in proline biosynthesis through the ornithine pathway under cold stress conditions, suggesting that ornithine route can be activated under cold stress conditions

scholarly journals New Insights into the Roles of Osmanthus Fragrans Heat-Shock Transcription Factors in Cold and Other Stress Responses

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Jing Bin ◽  
Meilin Zhu ◽  
Huifen Ding ◽  
Zhouying Zai ◽  
Tingting Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Osmanthus Fragrans

Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is an evergreen woody plant that emits a floral aroma and is widely used in the landscape and fragrance industries. However, its application and cultivation regions are limited by cold stress. Heat-shock transcription factor (HSF) family members are widely present in plants and participate in, and regulate, the defense processes of plants under various abiotic stress conditions, but now, the role of this family in the responses of O. fragrans to cold stress is still not clear. Here, 46 OfHSF members were identified in the O. fragrans genome and divided into three subfamilies on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis. The promoter regions of most OfHSFs contained many cis-acting elements involved in multiple hormonal and abiotic stresses. RNA-seq data revealed that most of OfHSF genes were differentially expressed in various tissues, and some OfHSF members were induced by cold stress. The qRT-PCR analysis identified four OfHSFs that were induced by both cold and heat stresses, in which OfHSF11 and OfHSF43 had contrary expression trends under cold stress conditions and their expression patterns both showed recovery tendencies after the cold stress. OfHSF11 and OfHSF43 localized to the nuclei and their expression patterns were also induced under multiple abiotic stresses and hormonal treatments, indicating that they play critical roles in responses to multiple stresses. Furthermore, after a cold treatment, transient expression revealed that the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of OfHSF11-transformed tobacco significantly increased, and the expression levels of cold-response regulatory gene NbDREB3, cold response gene NbLEA5 and ROS detoxification gene NbCAT were significantly inhibited, implying that OfHSF11 is a negative regulator of cold responses in O. fragrans. Our study contributes to the further functional characterization of OfHSFs and will be useful in developing improved cold-tolerant cultivars of O. fragrans.

scholarly journals Deciphering Plantago ovata Forsk Leaf Extract Mediated Distinct Germination, Growth and Physio-Biochemical Improvements under Water Stress in Maize (Zea mays L.) at Early Growth Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez Ullah Khan ◽  
Javaria Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stress Environment

Use of Plantago ovata Forsk leaf (also known as blond plantain or isabgol) extract is a novel approach for ameliorating water stress in various agronomic crops such as maize (Zea mays L.). To examine the potential roles of P. ovata extract (0, 20 and 40%) in increasing seed germination, plant growth, photosynthetic measurements, stomatal properties, oxidative stress and antioxidant response, ions uptake and the relationship between studied parameters, we investigated the impacts of its short-term seed priming on Z. mays L. elite cultivar “Cimmyt-Pak” under a control environment and a water deficit stress environment (induced by PEG). It was evident that water deficit stress conditions induced a negative impact on plant growth, stomatal properties and ion uptake in different organs of Z. mays. The decrease in growth-related attributes might be due to overproduction of oxidative stress biomarkers, i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) initiation, and electrolyte leakage (%), which was also overcome by the enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants, which increased under the water stress environment. However, seed priming with P. ovata extract positively increased germination rate and growth profile, and protected photosynthetic apparatus and stomatal properties by decreasing oxidative stress indicators and increasing activities of antioxidant compounds. Our results also depicted that the optimum concentration of P. ovata extract for Z. mays seedlings under water stress conditions was 20%, while a further increase in P. ovata extract (40%) induced a non-significant negative impact on growth and biomass of Z. mays seedling. In addition, the effect was more promising on Z. mays seedlings when grown under controlled conditions. Here, we concluded that the understanding of the role of seed priming with P. ovata extract in the increment of growth-related attributes, photosynthetic apparatus (Pn, Gs, Ts and Ci) and nutrient uptake (Ca2+, Fe2+, P and Mg2+) introduces new possibilities for their effective use in water deficit stress environments and shows a promising foundation for Z. mays tolerance against water deficit stress conditions.

scholarly journals Expression of gene involved in the response to abiotic factors in Capsicum annuum

Nova Scientia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafne Alejandra Ríos Molina ◽  
Edgar Querubín Aquino Medina ◽  
Yeny L. Couoh Uicab ◽  
Lorenzo Guevara Olvera ◽  
Guillermo A. Silva Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Hydric Stress

Introduction: Abiotic stress caused by cold or water-deficit alters many cellular processes that modificate the physiology and biochemistry of plants, which reduces yield of agricultural crops.  Gibberellins are phytohormones that can induce growth and development of the plants. There are many genes whose transcription is modified during abiotic stress or by exogenous-gibberellins application; some of them encode for proteins such as LEA that confer protection against low temperature and dehydration, WRKY and FT that take part in the response to abiotic stress, FT that regulates the flowering time, and GA20ox1 that synthesized gibberellins. The understanding of molecular mechanism that regulates the plant responses to abiotic stress or exogenous gibberellins application is essential for Capsicum annuum (pepper) agriculture improvement. To this aim, we have proceeded to study the effect of biotic stress and exogenous phytohormones on C. annuum development, mainly in fruit (chili) production and expression of genes involved in the response to these conditions.Method: The genome of Capsicum annuum contains homologues to the proteins LEA, WRKY, FT and GA20oxy, so we estimate by Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and phenotype analysis, the gene expression and fruits production in plants grown under abiotic stress and after treatment with exogenous gibberellins.Results: The transcripts of CaLea73 and CaWRKY40 increased by cold stress in leaves.  While, CaGA20ox1 expression was down-regulated by cold stress, GA3, and hydric stress-GA3 in leaves.  This effect was also observed in flower buds of plants grown under water-deficit, treated with gibberellins or hydric stress-GA3; curiously, the transcripts from this gene became slightly abundant in plants grown under water-deficit. CaFT transcription was induced by cold stress and GA3 in leaves and flower buds, respectively; however, transcription of this gene was almost abolished by hydric stress and GA3–hydric stress in both tissues. Cold stress and exogenous phytohormones raised the fruits production.Conclusion: According with these results, we propose that cold treatment induces the plant defense mechanisms through activation of transcription factors like WRKYs and LEA proteins and increases the plant development through induction of signaling pathway of FT. Our study contributes to understanding on molecular mechanisms governing the responses to abiotic stress and the participation of the gibberellins in C. annuum development and to improve the yield of the chili crop.

Tissue specificity of expression of heat shock gene ATHSP70-10 in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under normal and stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
L.Ye. Kozeko ◽  
◽  
E.L. Kordyum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heat Shock Gene ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Pcr Analysis

Mitochondrial heat shock proteins of HSP70 family support protein homeostasis in mitochondria under normal and stress conditions. They provide folding and complex assembly of proteins encoded by mitochondrial genome, as well as import of cytosolic proteins to mitochondria, their folding and protection against aggregation. There are reports about organ-specificity of mitochondrial HSP70 synthesis in plants. However, tissue specificity of their functioning remains incompletely characterized. This problem was studied for mitochondrial AtHSP70-10 in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings using a transgenic line with uidA signal gene under normal conditions, as well as high temperature and water deficit. Under normal conditions, histochemical GUS-staining revealed the expression of AtHSP70-10 in cotyledon and leaf hydathodes, stipules, central cylinder in root differentiation and mature zones, as well as weak staining in root apex and root-shoot junction zone. RT-PCR analysis of wild-type seedlings exposed to 37°C showed rapid upregulation of AtHSP70-10, which reached the highest level within 2 h. In addition, the gradual development of water deficit for 5 days caused an increase in transcription of this gene, which became more pronounced after 3 days and reached a maximum after 5 days of dehydration. Histochemical analysis showed complete preservation of tissue localization of AtHSP70-10 expression under both abiotic factors. The data obtained indicate the specific functioning of mitochondrial chaperone AtHSP70-10 in certain plant cellular structures.

Strategies to Protect Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Culture-Induced Stress Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Aerts-Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Induced Stress

: In contrast to their almost unlimited potential for expansion in vivo and despite years of dedicated research and optimization of expansion protocols, the expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) in vitro remains remarkably limited. Increased understanding of the mechanisms that are involved in maintenance, expansion and differentiation of HSCs will enable the development of better protocols for expansion of HSCs. This will allow procurement of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential and a better understanding of the effects of the external influences in and on the hematopoietic niche that may affect HSC function. During collection and culture of HSCs, the cells are exposed to suboptimal conditions that may induce different levels of stress and ultimately affect their self-renewal, differentiation and long-term engraftment potential. Some of these stress factors include normoxia, oxidative stress, extra-physiologic oxygen shock/stress (EPHOSS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, replicative stress, and stress related to DNA damage. Coping with these stress factors may help reduce the negative effects of cell culture on HSC potential, provide a better understanding of the true impact of certain treatments in the absence of confounding stress factors. This may facilitate the development of better ex vivo expansion protocols of HSCs with long-term engraftment potential without induction of stem cell exhaustion by cellular senescence or loss of cell viability. This review summarizes some of available strategies that may be used to protect HSCs from culture-induced stress conditions.

Changes in the Stoichiometry of Photosystem II Components as an Adaptive Response to High-Light and Low-Light Conditions during Growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Wild ◽  
Matthias Höpfner ◽  
Wolfgang Rühle ◽  
Michael Richter
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Light ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Pigment System ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
The One

The effect of different growth light intensities (60 W·m-2, 6 W·m-2) on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus of mustard plants (Sinapis alba L.) was studied. A distinct decrease in photosystem II content per chlorophyll under low-light conditions compared to high-light conditions was found. For P-680 as well as for Oᴀ and Oв protein the molar ratio between high-light and low-light plants was 1.4 whereas the respective concentrations per chlorophyll showed some variations for P-680 and Oᴀ on the one and Oв protein on the other hand.In addition to the study of photosystem II components, the concentrations of PQ, Cyt f, and P-700 were measured. The light regime during growth had no effect on the amount of P-700 per chlorophyll but there were large differences with respect to PQ and Cyt f. The molar ratio for Cyt f and PQ between high- and low-light leaves was 2.2 and 1.9, respectively.Two models are proposed, showing the functional organization of the pigment system and the electron transport chain in thylakoids of high-light and low-light leaves of mustard plants.

GRAS-domain transcription factor PAT1 regulates jasmonic acid biosynthesis in grape cold stress response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemin Wang ◽  
Darren Chern Jan Wong ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guangzhao Xu ◽  
Chong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Mobility Shift

Abstract Cultivated grapevine (Vitis) is a highly valued horticultural crop, and cold stress affects its growth and productivity. Wild Amur grape (Vitis amurensis) PAT1 (Phytochrome A signal transduction 1, VaPAT1) is induced by low temperature, and ectopic expression of VaPAT1 enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of VaPAT1 during the cold stress response in grapevine. Here, we confirmed the overexpression of VaPAT1 in transformed grape calli enhanced cold tolerance. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays highlighted an interaction between VaPAT1 with INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 3 (VaIDD3). A role of VaIDD3 in cold tolerance was also indicated. Transcriptome analysis revealed VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 overexpression and cold treatment coordinately modulate the expression of stress-related genes including lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3), a gene encoding a key jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme. Co-expression network analysis indicated LOX3 might be a downstream target of VaPAT1. Both electrophoretic mobility shift and dual luciferase reporter assays showed the VaPAT1-IDD3 complex binds to the IDD-box (AGACAAA) in the VaLOX3 promoter to activate its expression. Overexpression of both VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 increased the transcription of VaLOX3 and JA levels in transgenic grape calli. Conversely, VaPAT1-SRDX (dominant repression) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of PAT1-ED causing the loss of the C-terminus in grape calli dramatically prohibited the accumulation of VaLOX3 and JA levels during cold treatment. Together, these findings point to a pivotal role of VaPAT1 in the cold stress response in grape by regulating JA biosynthesis.

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