scholarly journals Development of a Digital Twin for Enzymatic Hydrolysis Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Christian Appl ◽  
Frank Baganz ◽  
Volker C. Hass
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Enzymatic Process ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Kinetics Of

Enzymatic hydrolysis processes can be used to produce organic nutrient media from renewable raw materials. However, many of these processes are not optimally designed, so expensive enzymes and substrates are wasted. Mathematical models and Digital Twins (DTs) are powerful tools, which can be used to optimize bioprocesses and, thus, increase the yield of the desired products. Individual enzymatic hydrolysis processes have already been modeled, but models for the combined starch hydrolysis and proteolysis, or DTs, are not available yet. Therefore, an easily adaptable, dynamic, and mechanistic mathematical model representing the kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of the combined starch hydrolysis and proteolysis was developed and parameterized using experimental data. The model can simulate the starch hydrolysis process with an agreement of over 90% and the proteolysis process with an agreement of over 85%. Subsequently, this model was implemented into an existing DT of a 20 L stirred tank reactor (STR). Since the DT cannot only map the kinetics of the enzymatic process, but also the STR with the associated periphery (pumps, heating jacket, etc.), it is ideally suited for future process control strategy development and thus for the optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis processes.

scholarly journals Valorization of Greenhouse Horticulture Waste from a Biorefinery Perspective

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Antonio D. Moreno ◽  
Aleta Duque ◽  
Alberto González ◽  
Ignacio Ballesteros ◽  
María José Negro
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Greenhouse Horticulture ◽  
Extrusion Technology ◽  
Sugar Source

Greenhouse cultivation and harvesting generate considerable amounts of organic waste, including vegetal waste from plants and discarded products. This study evaluated the residues derived from tomato cultivation practices in Almería (Spain) as sugar-rich raw materials for biorefineries. First, lignocellulose-based residues were subjected to an alkali-catalyzed extrusion process in a twin-screw extruder (100 °C and 6–12% (w/w) NaOH) to assess maximum sugar recovery during the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis step. A high saccharification yield was reached when using an alkali concentration of 12% (w/w), releasing up to 81% of the initial glucan. Second, the discarded tomato residue was crushed and centrifuged to collect both the juice and the pulp fractions. The juice contained 39.4 g of sugars per 100 g of dry culled tomato, while the pulp yielded an extra 9.1 g of sugars per 100 g of dry culled tomato after an enzymatic hydrolysis process. The results presented herein show the potential of using horticulture waste as an attractive sugar source for biorefineries, including lignocellulose-based residues when effective fractionation processes, such as reactive extrusion technology, are available.

scholarly journals The effect of organosolv pretreatment on optimization of hydrolysis process to produce the reducing sugar

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fibrillian Zata Lini ◽  
Tri Widjaja ◽  
Nuniek Hendrianie ◽  
Ali Altway ◽  
Siti Nurkhamidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Organosolv Pretreatment ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Coffee Pulp Waste ◽  
Central Composite

As the fossil energy decrease such as petroleum and natural gas, that are encourages a lot of research to develop new sources of energy from renewable raw materials. One of the source is through reducing sugar (glucose and xylose) obtained from coffee pulp waste; this is due to abundant production of coffee pulp every year reaching 743 kg/ha. In addition, this waste has not been used optimally and the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the coffee is high. The purpose of this study is to get the optimal operating condition for reducing sugar production from coffee pulp waste. The method used for optimization is Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design. The optimum operation condition obtained was pH 4.63 at 34ºC for 16.29 hours of hydrolysis. As a result, the predicted yield gained was 0.147 grams of reducing sugars / gram of cellulose+hemicellulose. The result indicates the gained yield was 0.137 grams of reducing sugars / gram of cellulose+hemicellulose.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of hydrolysates as a basis for the construction of a nutrient medium for the cultivation of Listeria monocytogenes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Khaptanova ◽  
А. S. Ostyak ◽  
S. V. Lukyanova ◽  
V. I. Kuznetsov ◽  
N. M. Аndreevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Test Strain ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
The Common

The objective is to perform a comparative evaluation of the pancreatic hydrolysates prepared from fish and squid to determine the optimal culture medium for Listeria monocytogenes.Materials and methods. The following raw materials were used in the study: Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii), Alaska Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), Common Roach (Rutilus rutilus lacustris), European Squid (Loligo vulgaris). The raw materials were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using the pancreas (according to Hottinger). A study of the physicochemical properties of pancreatic hydrolysates (content of free amino nitrogen (FAN), acidity of fish hydrolysates, the amino acid composition) was carried out.. The specific activity of nutrient media during the cultivation of the test strain L. monocytogenes 766 was assessed by a complex of microbiological methods.Results and discussion. The highest content of FAN at the end of enzymatic hydrolysis was observed in the pancreatic hydrolysate of the common roach (6%), the acidity of the hydrolysate remained stable from 6th to 13th day of the hydrolysis process (pH 7.2). Pancreatic hydrolysate of the common roach contained a number of amino acids that are most essential for the growth of Listeria. An assessment of the biological properties of nutrient media prepared on the basis of the obtained hydrolysates demonstrated that the best results in terms of sensitivity and germination of L. monocytogenes 766 showed a nutrient medium based on the pancreatic hydrolysate of the common roach. During the cultivation of L. monocytogenes 766 the test strain retained its morphological and cultural properties and did not show signs of dissociation.Conclusion. The research results have shown that the pancreatic hydrolysate of the common roach is a promising protein basis for the construction of an experimental environment for listeria. 

scholarly journals PEROLEHAN GLUKOSA DENGAN HIDROLISIS ENZIMATIS DARI AMPAS TEBU MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DAN Aspergilus niger SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETANOL

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Elita Sari ◽  
Elly Desni Rahman ◽  
Munas Martynis ◽  
Shafira Fiona ◽  
Junialdi
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Enzymatic Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Aspergilus Niger

Lignocellulosic biomass is a rich agricultural waste containing cellulose and hemicellulose. Bagasse (bagasse) is one of the waste biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose approximately 47.7% which can be used to produce bioethanol. Enzymatic process is able to hydrolysis the polysaccharide compound into its constituent, sugars monomer compound. An enzymatic hydrolysis process converts cellulose to glucose by using cellulase enzymes. Some microorganisms producing the enzyme cellulase are Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger. The purpose of this research is to find out comparison of both these microorganism as a catalyst in the enzymatic hydrolysis process that produces the highest glucose levels and hydrolysis time. Hydrolysis process is done by varying the ratio between Tricoderma viride and Aspergillus niger of 1: 0; 0: 1; 0.5: 1 and 1: 0.5 and  time sampling  24, 48, 72, 96, 120. The results showed glucose acquisition as much as 360 mg/L with hidrolysis process  by hotplate  stirer and 660 mg/L with process by waterbath shaker at composition ratio of Trichoderma viride: Aspergillus niger 1: 0.5 and the hydrolysis time is 96 hours.

scholarly journals Screening of lactases suitable for the preparation of low-lactose prebiotic liquid milk and optimisation of their combination

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Yunli Xu ◽  
Guowei Shu ◽  
Chunji Dai ◽  
Chun Yin ◽  
Xu Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Lactose Hydrolysis ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Liquid Milk

Abstract Lactose intolerance is an important factor restricting the consumption of dairy products. Lactase is used to hydrolyze lactose in milk while generating galactooligosaccharides (GOS), thereby reducing the incidence of lactose intolerance. We used cow milk as raw materials, and selected enzyme preparations with high lactose hydrolysis rate and strong GOS generation ability from 14 commercially available lactase enzymes. The lactose hydrolysis rate is 5.85%-81.38%, and the GOS content is 0.03 g/L- 13.10 g/L. The mixing experiment design determined the two lactase enzymes (E10 and E11) ratio and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis process of low-lactose prebiotic milk: compound lactases (E10:E11=0.756:0.244) addition 0.11%, 55℃for 5h, lactose hydrolysis rate and GOS content were 98.02% and 19.69g/L, respectively, and the remaining lactose content was about 0.97 g/L.

scholarly journals Review: Pemanfaatan α-Amilase pada Modifikasi Pati Singkong Sebagai Substitusi Gelatin pada Produk Marshsmallow

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainezzahira Ainezzahira ◽  
Hafiza Dwi Multri ◽  
Warsono El Kiyat ◽  
Nursyawal Nacing
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Glycosidic Linkage ◽  
Enzymatic Process ◽  
Foaming Agent

Cassava is one of the Indonesian local commodities. Cassava contains a high amount of starch which can be used as an alternative to gelatin in making marshmallow. This study aimed to analyze: 1) the enzymatic process of starch modification using α-amylase, 2) the effect of incubation time and enzyme concentration on the yield of maltodextrin which close to gelatin, and 3) to utilization of cassava starch maltodextrin as an ingredient of marshmallow product. The result showed that application of marshmallow gelatin substitution using cassava starch has been done. There were three ways of cassava starch hydrolysis, one of them is enzymatic hydrolysis using α-amylase which produces of maltodextrin. This enzyme was an endoamylase that cleaves the α-1,4 glycosidic linkage of the amylose or amylopectin chain. Besides, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was one of the microbes that can produce α-amylase with good thermostability, about 100-110°C. The exact enzyme concentration and incubation time of starch hydrolysis could produce maltodextrin optimally. However, maltodextrin as a foaming agent and the prevention of crystalline formation had functional properties that approach gelatin, so it can be concluded that maltodextrin was developed further as an alternative to the use of gelatin in marshmallow products.

Study on the Kinetics of Salmon Skin Proteolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1706-1710
Author(s):  
Yiping Xia ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Yaoguang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Skin Protein ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In this study, in order to study the kinetic mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis of salmon protein, the kinetic model of enzymatic hydrolysis of salmon skin protein by papain was established. The skin protein of salmon was hydrolyzed by papain under the following conditions: the mass concentration of salmon skin protein is 55 g/L, the initial papain concentration is 2.0 g/L, the pH of enzymatic solution is 7.2 and the temperature of enzymatic hydrolysis is 55 °C. Finally, the kinetic model of hydrolysis was established as follows: Hydrolysis rate R =(27.217E0–0 0357S0exp[–0.2587(DH)]; Degree of hydrolysis DH = 3.879 ln[1 + 7.0165E0/S0 –0.0092t]. The reaction rate constant k3 = 27.217 min–1 and the enzyme deactivation constant kd = 7.0752 min–1 were deduced to control the enzymatic hydrolysis process. Further verification tests showed that the theoretical value of the degree of hydrolysis of the model was basically consistent with the actual value, and the kinetic model had certain practical value, indicating that the established salmon skin protease kinetic model could be used to guide and optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process.

Kinetics of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose Using Aspergillus niger

2015 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
pp. 294-298
Author(s):  
Akida Mulyaningtyas ◽  
Ratna Ningsih ◽  
Siti Syamsiah ◽  
Sarto ◽  
Wahyudi Budi Sediawan
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Monod Equation ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This study aimed to analyze the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Cellulase enzyme was obtained fromAspergillusnigergrown on filter paper and the hydrolysis process was carried out in solid state. The kinetic reviewed here was the relationship between glucose production and cellulose mass reduction to optimize the parameters of Monod equation at various moisture levels.

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF ESTERIFICATION PROCESS OF GLYCEROL-CONTAINING WASTE FROM BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FOR OBTAINING OF PLASTICIZING COMPOSITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Safronov ◽  
E. L. Krasnykh ◽  
S. V. Levanova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Phthalate Plasticizer ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of catalytic esterification of glycerol with butanoic acid on model systems was studied. Reaction orders for the reactants (butanoic acid and glycerol) were determined. They are close to 1.It was shown that the reaction order with respect to the catalyst - orthophosphoric acid - in regions where its concentration is above 0.1 mol/l is equal to zero. The estimated value of activation energy is 51.9± 8.0 kJ/mol. The results of the experiment can be used to create an industrial technological process for the synthesis of glycerol tributyrate. This compound can be used as an alternative non-phthalate plasticizer for articles made of PVC. The obtained kinetic model was validated on glycerol-containing waste of the biodiesel synthesis from renewable raw materials. The recycling of the by-product in the biofuel production with obtaining plasticizing compositions for the polymer industry can be developed on the basis of the studies.

Hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose in glycol solutions over CuO-MgO-ZrO2 catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
M.E. Sharanda ◽  
◽  
E.A. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Phase Process

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are important representatives of polyols. On an industrial scale, they are obtained from petrochemical raw materials. Within a decade, significant efforts were made for the producing of polyols from biologically renewable raw materials - carbohydrates. The general trend for carbohydrate hydrogenolysis includes application of liquid-phase process with the use of modified metal-oxide catalysts, at 120-120 ° C and pressure of 3MPa or above. So high pressure is used for the reason to increase hydrogen solubility, and also due to the high partial pressure of low boiling solvents. We supposed that usage of high boiling solvents could allow hydrogenolysis to be performed at the lower pressure. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are of particular interest as such kind of solvent since they are both the main products of glucose hydrogenolysis. In this work, the process of hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose over Cu / MgO-ZrO2 catalyst have been studied at temperature range of 160-200 °C and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa in a flow reactor. The solvents were simultaneously the target products of the reaction - ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol. Gas chromatography and 13C NMR were used for the reaction products identification. It was found that the solubility of glucose in propylene glycol is 21 % by weight, and in ethylene glycol 62% by weight. It was pointed out that the process of hydrogenolysis can take place at a pressure close to atmospheric. Under these conditions, the conversion of hexoses reaches 96-100 %. The reaction products are preferably propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The total selectivity for C3-2 polyols is 90-94 %, that is higher than in the hydrogenolysis of glucose in aqueous solution.

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