scholarly journals Gendered Roles in Agrarian Transition: A Study of Lowland Rice Farming in Lao PDR

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5403
Author(s):  
Magnus Moglia ◽  
Kim S. Alexander ◽  
Silva Larson ◽  
Anne (Giger)-Dray ◽  
Garry Greenhalgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Innovation Adoption ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Agrarian Transition ◽  
Traditional Economy

Traditional lifestyles of lowland rice farmers of the southern provinces of Lao People’s Democratic Republic are rapidly changing, due to two important trends. Firstly, there is a push towards modernization and commercialization of farming. Secondly, though farmers still focus on rice farming as a key activity, there is an increasing move towards diversification of livelihoods. The changes have seen the uptake of non-rice crops, livestock husbandry and forest and river utilization; as well as non-farming activities. This has influenced gender relations, impacting household agricultural production decisions and amplified transitional trends. To explore the processes, we analyzed data from a study of innovation adoption amongst rice farmers in southern Lao PDR. The study revealed nuances of gender-based differences in the priorities and attitudes towards farming and off-farm activities, as well as differences in behaviour related to the adoption of new practices. Women were more focused on non-farming practices and considered engaging in the modern, non-traditional, economy more so than men. Women also reported experiencing greater challenges when engaging and trading in the agricultural marketplace. The study supports the importance of taking a gendered approach to understanding the inherent complexities within agrarian change.

ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP INCOME OF RICE FARMERS (Oryza Sativa) IN AGRICULTURAL AND NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTORS IN VARIOUS LAND AREA IN SUB-DISTRICT AIKMEL KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Edy Hermawan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Relationship Analysis

Rice commodity in Aikmel sub-district is one of the main commodities with an area of ​​9,392 Ha of lowland rice farming and geographically. Non-agricultural activities in rural areas began to develop in response to insufficient income from the agricultural sector. Many rural residents engage in non-agricultural activities when the agricultural sector is free. This is what causes a large number of residents to work from the non-agricultural sector, related to employment and income opportunities. Seeing this condition, it is felt that research needs to be done. This study aims to look at the income of paddy rice farming, non-farming and the relationship between lowland rice farming income and non-farming income on various land areas. The method in this study, namely descriptive, data collection by survey technique, determining the number of samples were 30 people was carried out by quota sampling and taking farmers in each village was carried out by proportional random sampling and determination of villages as samples was carried out by purposive sampling. The Results of the study explain: 1) the average total income of lowland rice farming farmers is Rp. 1.207.412/LLG or equivalent to Rp. 5.219.359/Ha. 2) In this study, farmers receive an average non-farming income of rice farmers of Rp. 8,000,000.- planting season 3). Relationship analysis relationship obtained correlation coefficient value of 0,3786 Because it has a positive result with a correlation coefficient value of 0,3786, the larger the land area, the greater the contribution of agricultural sector income to total non-agricultural income.

Analisis Produksi dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Sawah (Suatu Studi pada Penerapan Sistim Tabela Super dan Sistem Tapin di Kabupaten Bombana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Riska Rahmadani ◽  
Muhammad Aswar Limi ◽  
Agustono Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
T Test ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Average Production ◽  
The Difference

This research aims to assess the labor use, production, and revenue of lowland rice farming using the Tabela Super and Tapin systems, as well as the differences in productivity and income between the two. This study took place from July to December 2021, and the research venue was chosen on purpose. The farmers of the Tabela super system and the farmers of the Tapin system were divided into two groups to determine responders (random cluster sampling). There were 122 lowland rice farmers, 111 super table farmers, and 11 Tapin farmers among the respondents. The Table Super system employed a simple random sample approach from that group, taking 10% of the total population of Tabela Super farmers, 11 respondents were paddy field farmers, and 11 respondents from the Tapin system used the census method. According to the findings, respondents' average production for rice farmers utilizing the Tabela Super System is 4,712 kg, while farmers using the Tapin system produce 3,300 kilograms. Rice farmers using the super table method earn an average of IDR10.177.656, while those using the Tapin system earn an average of IDR5.011.994. The t-test value shows that the difference in lowland rice farmers' production with the Tabela Super System and the Tapin system has a significance value of t of 0.040 < 0.05. The statistical test results of the t-test show that the difference in lowland rice farmers' income with the Tabela Super System and the Tapin system has a significance value of t of 0.000 < 0.05.

scholarly journals IDENTITAS PETANI YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN BAGI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DI KOTA BAUBAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-144
Author(s):  
Hardin Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Crop Income ◽  
Land Size

The internal variables that can increase productivity and income, including schooling, age, arable land size and the number of dependents and the experience of agriculture and social status are all linked to the identity of farmers. The aim of this study is: (1) Empirically demonstrate that the age of farmers is influenced by rice farming income in the village of Ngkaringkaring, subdistrict of Bungi and city of Baubau; (2) empirically demonstrate that there is an impact on rice crop income in Ngkaringkaring Village and Bungi Subdistrict and Baubau City on farmers ' education; (3) Demonstrate empirically whether the number of dependents of the farming family has an impact on the income of lowland rice farming in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, the city of Baubau; (4) Demonstrate empirically whether farmers ' experience has an impact on the income of lowland rice farming in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, Baubau City; (5) (5) To prove empirically whether farmers have an impact on the income of lowland rice farmers in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, Baubau City; (6) To prove empirically whether the social status of farmers has an impact on the income of rice farming in Ngkaringkaring Village, subdistrict of Bungi, Baubau City. The technique used is a multi-linear regression method. The results of this study are: (1) The level of education and area of arable land and the effect of income on lowland rice farming with a probability value of 0.000 each well below 0.05 means that H0 is rejected and H2 and H5 accepted; (2) Age, farming experience, number of family dependents and social status do not affect rice farming income, as each has a probably. (3) The identity of the respondent farmers (age, level of education, farming experience, number of family dependents, area of arable land and social status) together contributed 96.4 percent to the income effect on lowland rice farming, while the remaining 3.6 percent were affected by other factors.   Keywords: Farmer Identity, Rice Field Farming Income

scholarly journals KONDISI SOSIAL DAN KEBIASAAN PETANI PADI MENGGUNAKAN INPUT PRODUKSI PADI (Oryza sativa, L.) DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Wiwik Ambarsari
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Approach

This study aims to determine the social conditions and habits of rice farmers in the use of input production of lowland rice farming in Indramayu Regency. The research location is in 3 Districts of Indramayu Regency, namely Sliyeg, Lelea, and Gabuswetan Districts. This research was conducted with a survey approach, descriptive quantitative and qualitative. Sampling of rice farmers was carried out by multistage purposive sampling totaling 120 people. The results of this study are the social conditions of the farmers, 70% of the productive age, 60% are uneducated, 65% are very experienced, and 60% of the land area is under 1 hectare. The habit of using production inputs, 85% already use certified and superior varieties of rice seeds, 71% use inorganic fertilizers, and 93% use inorganic pesticides.

Risk Perception and Lowland Rice Farming Change in Savannakhet Province, Southern Laos

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Ian G. Baird ◽  
Santi Piyadeth ◽  
Chanthavisouk Ninchaluene
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Rice Yields

Abstract Lowland rice cultivation is changing in southern Laos. A formalised survey and informal interviews in the lowlands of Savannakhet Province indicate that while some farmers still raise water buffaloes, farmers now mainly use hand-held mechanised ploughs to till their fields. More chemical fertilisers are being used, and improved seed varieties have become dominant, with native varieties disappearing. Due to these changes, rice yields have increased substantially, with many more farmers selling surplus rice. The trade-offs are, however, not simple. Through applying the lens of risk perception, this article presents data about how lowland rice farming—the main occupation for rural people in Savannakhet Province—has changed over the last twenty years, critically assessing how farmers perceive and act upon risk during this time of rapid agrarian change.

The Implementation of Integrated Cropping Calendar on Lowland Rice Farming in Bengkulu City

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulkarnain Yuliarso ◽  
Nola Windirah ◽  
Septri Widono
Keyword(s):  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Climate Change Issue ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
The Government ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The City

The climate change issue in the last two decades has impacted a significant decrease in rice production in Bengkulu Province (BALITBANG, 2016). The government offers the Cropping Calendar (Katam) program, a technology that is able to provide a various information related to the croping such as the prediction of the beginning of the rainy season, the beginning of the cropping season, cropping patterns, potential cropping area and others to overcome these problems and the City of Bengkulu has begun to implement the program. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of application of integrated Cropping calendar by lowland rice farmers in Bengkulu City and analyze the correlation between internal and external factors of farmers with the level of Cropping calendar application. The basic method of this research is explanatory with a combined approach (quantitative and qualitative). The results showed that the level of application of integrated cropping calendar innovations in rice farmers was low. Farming experience, knowledge about cropping calendar, communication behavior, and social strengthening are significantly related to the level of application of cropping calendar innovation in rice farmers.   

ANALISIS KONTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN USAHA TERNAK SAPI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN KELUARGA PETANI PADI SAWAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Wahyunita Sitinjak ◽  
Marlan ◽  
Azis Trilinardi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Business Income

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sistem pemeliharaan usaha ternak sapi, menganalisis besarnya pendapatan usaha ternak sapi dan menganalisis besarnya kontribusi pendapatan usaha ternak sapi terhadap pendapatan keluarga petani padi sawah.Adapun metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis proporsi.Responden diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan menggunakan rumus slovin yaitu sebanyak 30 orang petani peternak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Nagori Tumorang, Kecamatan Gunung Maligas, Kabupaten Simalungun dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa sistem pemeliharaan usaha ternak sapi di daerah penelitian masih tergolong sederhana atau tradisional(ekstensif). Rataan pendapatan bersih usaha ternak sapi di daerah penelitian adalah sebesar Rp.13.313.046,63 per peternak pertahun. Kontribusi pendapatan usaha ternak sapi terhadap pendapatan keluarga petani padi sawah di daerah penelitian adalah >50% yakni sebesar 57,04% yang berarti pendapatan usaha ternak sapi tersebut memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar terhadap pendapatan keluarga petani padi sawah di daerah penelitian The purpose of this study is to find out how the system of maintenance of cattle business, analyze the amount of cattle business income and analyze the contribution of cattle business income to the income of rice farming families.The analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis and proportion analysis. Respondents were taken using a purposive sampling method and using the Slovin formula as many as 30 breeder farmers. Based on the results of research in Nagori Tumorang, Gunung Maligas District, Simalungun District, it can be concluded that the maintenance system for cattle in the study area is still relatively simple or traditional (extensive).The average net income of the cattle business in the study area is Rp.13.313.046,63 per breeder per year. The contribution of beef cattle business income to the income of the families of lowland rice farmers in the study area is> 50% which is equal to 57,04%, which means that the income of the cattle business has contributed significantly to the income of the lowland rice family in the study area.

scholarly journals Determinants of Production and Income Risks of Rainfed Lowland Farming: A Case Study in Maros Regency, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Arifin Arifin ◽  
Muhammad Arsyad Biba ◽  
Syafiuddin Syafiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
The Government

Rainfed lowland farming production is generally lower than irrigated lowland rice due to area differentiation regional features. Rainfed lowland rice farming can only produce rice during the rainy season because lowland rice cannot be planted in the dry season. The purposes of this study are (1) to analyze the risk of production and income of rice farming in rainfed lowland farming and (2) to investigate the factors influencing the risk of rice farming in rainfed lowland farming. Data were collected from 100 respondents of rice farmers in four sub-districts in Maros Regency using the multi-stage cluster random sampling technique. The analysis of production and income risks were performed using multiple linear regression with the heteroscedastic method. The results have shown that rice farming in rainfed lowland farming poses a risk to production and income. The variables that significantly influence the rainfed lowland rice farming are land area, the number of seeds, the amount of urea fertilizer and the amount of pesticide. Farmers are required to manage risk by prioritizing the effectiveness and efficiency production factors as needed. Similarly the government is expected to assist farmers in maintaining the level of rice selling prices.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Romauli Simanjuntak ◽  
Hotman Tuah Purba ◽  
Marojaan Candro Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
The Cost

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh luas lahan, tenaga kerja,dan modal terhadap produksi padi sawah di Kelurahan Tong Marimbun Kecamatan Siantar Marimbun. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang di peroleh dari masyarakat petani padi sawah dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 responden, untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari luas lahan, tenaga kerja, dan modal dengan metode regresi linier berganda, sedangkan metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kelayakan dengan perbandingan penerimaan dan biaya (R/C). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani padi sawah dari keempat variabel secara bersama-sama ketiga variabel yaitu luas lahan, tenaga kerja, dan modal berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi usahatani padi sawah di Kelurahan Tong Marimbun Kecamatan Siantar Marimbun. Secara persial dari keempat variabel bebas menunjukan bahwa luas lahan berpengaruh nyata, tenaga kerja berpengaruh nyata, dan biaya pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadapa produksi usahatani padi sawah. Sedangkan biaya pestisida tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi usahatani padi sawah di Kelurahan Tong Marimbun Kecamatan Siantar Marimbun. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani padi sawah di Kelurahan Tong Marimbun Kecamatan Siantar Marimbun layak dikembangkan dengan nilai R/C 2,04, artinya setiap pengeluaran sebesar Rp 1 akan menghasilkan penerimaan sebesar Rp 2,04. Dengan pendapatan rata-rata per usahatani sebesar Rp 5.327.206 This study aims to determine the effect of land area, labor, and capital on lowland rice production in Tong Marimbun Village, Siantar Marimbun District. The data used are primary data obtained from the community of lowland rice farmers with a total sample of 30 respondents, to determine the effect of land area, labor, and capital using multiple linear regression methods, while the method used to determine feasibility is by comparison of acceptance and cost (R / C). The results showed that lowland rice farming of the four variables together with the three variables, namely land area, labor, and capital had a significant effect on the production of lowland rice farming in Tong Marimbun Village, Siantar Marimbun District. Partially from the four independent variables, it shows that the land area has a real effect, labor has a real effect, and the cost of fertilizer has a significant effect on the production of lowland rice farming. Meanwhile, the cost of pesticides does not significantly affect the production of lowland rice farming in Tong Marimbun Village, Siantar Marimbun District. The results showed that lowland rice farming in Tong Marimbun Village, Siantar Marimbun District, was feasible to be developed with an R / C value of 2.04, meaning that each expenditure of Rp. 1 would generate revenue of Rp. 2.04. With an average farm income of Rp 5,327,206.  

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN EFISIENSI USAHATANI PADI SAWAH MELALUI SISTEM SUBAK PADA SUBAK PURA SARI DI KOTA BAUBAU

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Antasalam Ajo
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Planting Season

Abstract   The thing rises of the Balinese-Hindu farmers in the implementation of the Subak system in their fields. In this system, common life is arranged among farmers, where the irrigation system is carried out fairly and evenly, all problems are discussed together such as determining the planting tune, and the type of rice to be planted. If there is a violation, the sanction is determined through a civil ceremony or ritual held in Pura. This study aims to determine the income of lowland rice farmers who implemented the Subak system in the Subak Pura Sari in Baubau Town. The results showed that the average income of lowland rice farming that implemented the Subak system in Baubau Town was IDR 12,767,352 in the form of rice per planting season, with an average cost of IDR 9.162,648 in the period from 2016 to 2017. While in terms of efficiency, farming is profitable because the R/C ratio is greater than 1, namely 1.39. Fulfillment of the needs of farmers with this income is considered because the number of regional minimum wages (UMR) in Southeast Sulawesi in 2017 is at the figure of IDR 2,002,625 per month.   Keywords: Subak system, rice fields, farm income

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