scholarly journals Motivational Factors in Intergenerational Sustainability Dilemma: A Post-Interview Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa E. Shahen ◽  
Wada Masaya ◽  
Koji Kotani ◽  
Tatsuyoshi Saijo
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Interview Analysis ◽  
Actual Decision

An intergenerational sustainability dilemma (ISD) is a situation of whether or not a person sacrifices herself for future sustainability. However, little is known about what people consider while making a decision under ISD. This paper analyzes motivational factors for people to decide under ISD, hypothesizing that the factors can be different with or without perspective-taking of future generations. One-person basic ISD game (ISDG) along with post-interviews are instituted where a lineup of individuals is organized as a generational sequence. Each individual chooses an unsustainable (or sustainable) option with (without) irreversibly costing future generations in 36 situations. A future ahead and back (FAB) mechanism is applied as a treatment for perspective-taking of future generations where each individual is asked to take the next generation’s position and to make a request about the choice that he/she wants the current generation to choose, and next, he/she makes the actual decision from the original position. By analyzing the post-interview contents with text-mining techniques, the paper finds that individuals mostly consider how previous generations had behaved in basic ISDG as the main motivational factor. However, individuals in FAB treatment are induced to put more weight on the possible consequences of their decisions for future generations as motivational factors. The findings suggest that perspective-taking of future generations through FAB mechanism enables people to change not only their behaviors but also motivational factors, enhancing ISD.

scholarly journals Intergenerational sustainability is enhanced by taking the perspective of future generations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa E. Shahen ◽  
Koji Kotani ◽  
Tatsuyoshi Saijo
Keyword(s):  
Future Generation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Strategy Method ◽  
Individual Behaviors ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Actual Decision ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe intergenerational sustainability dilemma (ISD) is a situation of whether or not a person sacrifices herself for future sustainability. To examine the individual behaviors, one-person ISD game (ISDG) is instituted with strategy method where a queue of individuals is organized as a generational sequence. In ISDG, each individual chooses unsustainable (or sustainable) option with her payoff of $$X$$ X ($$X-D$$ X - D ) and an irreversible cost of $$D$$ D (zero cost) to future generations in $$36$$ 36 situations. Future ahead and back (FAB) mechanism is suggested as resolution for ISD by taking the perspective of future generation whereby each individual is first asked to take the next generation’s standpoint and request what she wants the current generation to choose, and, second, to make the actual decision from the original position. Results show that individuals choose unsustainable option as previous generations do so or $$\frac{X}{D}$$ X D is low (i.e., sustainability is endangered). However, FAB prevents individuals from choosing unsustainable option in such endangered situations. Overall, the results suggest that some new institutions, such as FAB mechanisms, which induce people to take the perspective of future generations, may be necessary to avoid intergenerational unsustainability, especially when intergenerational sustainability is highly endangered.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Bubbles of Beliefs for Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10652
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Kobayashi ◽  
Asako Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Dynamic Economy ◽  
Religious Doctrine

We constructed a simple model of a dynamic economy in which the current generation chooses to excessively consume, thereby rendering society unsustainable. In such an economy, we assumed that a notional bubbly asset emerges, and its value grows if the current generation conserves adequate resources for future generations. Provided that the bubbly asset is considered valuable, the current generation chooses to conserve resources, rendering the economy sustainable. The condition for sustainability is that the value of this asset grows intergenerationally and indefinitely. The asset represents a belief system, such as a religious doctrine or a political ideology. Results imply that, to restore sustainability, a new intergenerational belief system must be identified, and its value grows indefinitely.

Is it Really so 'Strategic'?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Lech
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Enterprise Systems ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Productivity Paradox

This paper presents empirical research on motivational factors for investing in Enterprise Systems (ES), based on the survey conducted among project leaders. The results show that enterprises make investments in ES mostly to increase operational efficiency, provide managers with more accurate information and, which is interesting, to be able to continue the operations on the current level. Almost one third of examined enterprises indicated the replacement of an inefficient IT infrastructure with a new one enabling smooth operation of current business processes as the most important motivational factor for investments. The results of the research presented in this paper may help to understand the productivity paradox as they prove that many enterprises treat IT as a commodity rather than a strategic asset that generates significant business gains.

13. Environmental Taxes and Intergenerational Justice

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
William Abel ◽  
Elizabeth Kahn ◽  
Tom Parr ◽  
Andrew Walton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Current Generation

This chapter evaluates environmental taxes as part of a set of policies to address the threats that climate change poses. These taxes increase the price of activities that are environmentally harmful. In doing so, they discourage such behaviour and raise revenue that the state can use to redress its effects. The chapter embeds these considerations in an account of intergenerational justice, arguing that the current generation has a duty to provide future generations with prospects at least equal to its own. It also examines the objection that the proposed approach allows historical emitters off of the moral hook, showing that the state can adjust environmental taxes to take account of this. Finally, the chapter explores how to amend these taxes so that they are not regressive and that they do not present undue barriers to particularly valuable activities.

Sacrificing the Patrol: Utilitarianism, Future Generations and Infinity

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Van Liedekerke ◽  
Luc Lauwers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Moral Community ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Ethical Foundation ◽  
Future People ◽  
Ranking Criterion ◽  
Average Utility

Many people believe that we have responsibility towards the distant future, but exactly how far this responsibility reaches and how we can find a reasonable ethical foundation for it has not been answered in any definitive manner. Future people have no power over us, they form no part of our moral community and it is unclear how we can represent them in a possible original position. All these problems can be circumvented when you take an impersonal decision criterion like maximizing total or average utility. Such a sum-ranking criterion is neutral with respect to distance in time or space: my utility, my neighbour's and that of our descendants all carry the same weight. This makes future people an integral part of present decisions. Time-neutrality was defended by, among others, Sidgwick, Pigou and Ramsey.

scholarly journals Developing and Doing Validity and Reliability of the Motivational Factors Scale of Recreational Motorcycle Usage

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Faik Ardahan ◽  
Selçuk GÜLEÇ
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Bartlett’S Test ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test ◽  
Questionnaire Form

The main aim of this study is to develop “The Motivational Factors Scale of Recreational Motorcycle Usage - RMKO” and define the validity and reliability for Turkish population. The study was descriptive and sampling group was consisted of 947 volunteer participants all around Turkey. For data collection, e-questionnaire form sent to participants who have Facebook group and Associations of Recreational Motorcycle User, Motorcycle Clubs and Institutions as email. 948 feedbacks were received between 01st December 2016 and 31th May 2017. Six of items of 45 items excluded due to low initial communalities (<0.40) in after first Explatory Factor Analysis (AFA). For the validity of EFA with rest 39 items, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity and Kaiser–Meyer–Oklin (KMO) have been run, and Pearson Correlation Test has been used for identify correlations between items and components and the results have been assessed in 0.01 and 0.05 significant level. RMKO was grouped into eight factors. These factors are “Socialization”, “To be away and Relaxing”, “Experiencing the Power of Motorcycle”, “Physical Activity and Healthy”, “Renovate/Developed”, “Self-Competition /Achievement”, “Exemplifying”, “Recognition”. As a result, it can be concluded that “The Motivational Factor Scale of Recreational Motorcycle Usage - RMKO” has reliability and validity in the estimation of the reasons of recreational usage of motorcycle for the Turkish population.

scholarly journals Leadership and motivation among employees in health-care facilities in Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Krstic ◽  
Vladimir Obradovic ◽  
Zorica Terzic-Supic ◽  
Dejana Stanisavljevic ◽  
Jovana Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care Institutions ◽  
Care Facilities

Reserarch question: This paper investigates whether motivational factors have influence on the work of employees in health care organizations of Serbia and what factors affect employees. Motivation: Motivation and job satisfaction among different groups of workers in health care facilities in Serbia are an important issue. This study’s purpose is to assist health managers in their efforts to fulfill individual and organizational targets by highlighting the most preferred motivational factors among the employees. With good leadership and with the building of good motivational system the organization can increase its value and competitiveness. It has been shown that employees are more motivated and work under less stress if there is a support from their leader or manager (Jensen, 2010). Idea: The  core  idea  of  this  paper  is to  evaluate  the  relationship  between motivational factors and work of employees in health care institutions in Serbia. The central hypothesis of this study is what the managers within health care institutions have to do to improve motivation as well as their abilities for the fulfillment of both individual’s and organization’s needs. Data: The cross-sectional study included 217 physicians, nurses, technicians, health associates and non-medical staff in 21 facilities of primary, secondary and tertiary levels in Pozarevac, Belgrade, Nis, Pirot, Novi Sad, Zrenjanin, Krusevac, Varvarin and Novi Pazar. Tools: The research instrument was a questionnaire with questions regarding socio-demographic characteristics, participants’ characteristics and motivational factors. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings: The most important motivational factors are: salary, good interpersonal relationships and team work, contribution to population’s health and patient’s satisfaction. Around 10% of the participants thought that work could be done well even without motivational factors’ presence. Employees from the areas outside Belgrade rated job security higher in comparison with employees from Belgrade. A study conducted at the University of llorin Teaching Hospital in 2011 showed that salary was the most important motivational factor, followed by job security (Ojokuku& Salami, 2011). Contribution: Salary is an important motivational factor for employees in health care facilities in Serbia. Managers should work on the improvement of motivational factors through acknowledgement of needs of individual employees as well as through involving employees into decision making. 

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KOMITMEN PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN DALAM KONSTITUSI SEBAGAI WUJUD PEMENUHAN HAK EKONOMI, SOSIAL DAN BUDAYA DI INDONESIA

Yurispruden ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Cholidah Cholidah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
World Community ◽  
The People ◽  
Development Goals

ABSTRACTAs a concept of sustainable development it is seen to support the development of human rights, especially Ekososb rights where the fulfillment of human rights no longer focuses only on the current generation but also focuses on fulfilling human rights for future generations. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and understanding about Indonesia's commitment after signing the International Sustainable Development Goals Commitment in 2015. This research use normative juridical methods that will analyze the concept of sustainable development in Indonesian legislation and the relation of the concept of sustainable development to the fulfillment of human rights for the people of Indonesia. The author believes that basically the concept of sustainable development is a challenging target for Indonesia as a developing country, but the achievement of this target must be sought by making concrete steps in the framework of fulfilling the global commitments that have been made by the world community to realize justice Asasi is not only for people in developed countries but also for the current generation sustainable development commitment is expected to provide fulfillment of cross-generation and cross-Regional Human Key words: Suistainabel Development, Legislation, Human Rights ABSTRAKKonsep pembangunan berkelanjutan dipandang mendukung perkembangan HAM terutama hak ekonomi, sosial dan budaya dimana pemenuhan HAM tidak lagi hanya berfokus kepada generasi yang ada saat ini namun juga fokus terhadap generasi yang akan datang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis dan memahami tentang komitmen Indonesia pasca melakukan penandatanganan Komitmen tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan Internasional pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini mengggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis tentang konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan di dalam perundangan Indonesia serta relasi konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan terhadap pemenuhan HAM bagi rakyat Indonesia. Penulis berpendapat bahwa konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan merupakan target yang cukup menantang untuk dicapai oleh Indonesia sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang yang harus diupayakan dengan melakukan langkah-langkah konkrit dalam rangka pemenuhan komitmen global yang telah di buat oleh masyarakat dunia demi mewujudkan keadilan Asasi tidak hanya bagi masyarakat di negara-negara maju maupun generasi saat ini tetapi juga lintas generasi dan lintas regional.Kata kunci : Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, Perundang-undangan, Hak Asasi Manusia

Luck, Genes, and Equality

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dov Fox
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Original Position ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Genetic Intervention ◽  
Genetic Endowment ◽  
Over Time

In a little noted passage in A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argued that genetic intervention in the traits of offspring may be morally required as a matter of distributive justice. Given that the “greater natural assets” of each “enables him to pursue a preferred plan of life[,]” Rawls wrote, the parties to the original position “want to insure for their descendents the best genetic endowment.…Thus over time a society is to take steps at least to preserve the general level of natural abilities and to prevent the diffusion of serious defects.…The pursuit of reasonable policies in this regard is something that earlier generations owe to later ones.” (Emphasis added.) Whether biological enhancement actually is a moral obligation we owe to future generations is a question that I have taken up elsewhere, but which lies beyond my scope here. If we agree with Rawls that some measure of safe and effective genetic intervention may be required as a matter of justice, it stands to ask how the distribution of genetic goods – that is, the hereditary basis of human traits – should be carried out.

scholarly journals Motivations of crowdsourcing contributors

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Silva Pinto ◽  
Carlos Denner dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Motivational Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Monetary Rewards

Purpose This study aimed at analyzing the factors that induce the intention of contribution by participants in crowdsourcing initiatives. Design/methodology/approach This study is an explanatory investigation using a quantitative approach. In the second stage, an exploratory study was carried out. Data were obtained through online questionnaires available to the contributors of two platforms, and results were obtained from a regression analysis. Findings The results revealed a greater importance given by participants to intrinsic motivational factors (learning, fun and satisfaction) compared with the extrinsic motivational factor (acknowledgment). Monetary rewards proved irrelevant in this process, whereas attitude and self-efficacy proved good predictors of the intention of contribution in crowdsourcing initiatives. Originality/value No study, as far as the authors’ knowledge extends, has been undertaken to understand what motivations are more relevant in the context of crowdsourcing platforms using multiple theories.

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