From Seaweeds to Cosmeceutics: A Multidisciplinar Approach

Macroalgae are widespread on the coasts of all the globe and lead to a negative ecological impact, requiring expensive remediations. Therefore, the valorization of invasive seaweed as a renewable source of bioactive products could represent a valid solution. In this context, three algal biomasses, belonging to brown, green, and red families (Sargassum muticum, Ulva lactuca, Solieria filiformis), collected in the venetian Laguna, were investigated as a source of active compounds for the formulation of cosmeceutics. Microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) were applied to enhance the algae extraction by means of a hydroalcoholic solution. According to total phenolic content (TPC) evaluation, MW demonstrated the best performing outcomes, resulting in 19.77, 22.02, and 16.94 mgGAE/gExtr (30 min at 90 °C) for brown, green, and red algae, respectively. Antioxidant activity was tested as well, showing comparable trends (49.19, 26.24, and 3.02 mmolTrolox eq./gExtr for brown, green, and red algae, respectively). Due to natural algae predisposition to absorb contaminants, the metal content analysis helped to screen the applicability of these extracts, identifying Ulva lactuca as the most suitable source of antioxidants for cosmetic formulations. This MW extract was then adopted to formulate two different preparations, namely a gel and an emulsion. Thermal and mechanical tests confirmed the stability of each formulation, together with neutral organoleptic characteristics. Finally, the actives release was investigated by means of a tape stripping essay, showing an efficient controlled release for gel formulation, even after 7 h of test. The produced cosmeceutics merged non-conventional extraction technologies with formulation expertise, offering a valuable alternative to solve the macroalgae disposal issue.

Download Full-text

Ultrasonically-Extracted Marine Polysaccharides as Potential Green Antioxidant Alternatives

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/asec2020-07606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Hanaa L. Essa ◽

Hania A. Guirguis ◽

Mayyada M. H. El-Sayed ◽

Dalia Rifaat ◽

Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Algal Species ◽

Avicennia Marina ◽

Ulva Lactuca ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Sugar Substitutes ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Marine-extracted sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) have been the subject of myriad research since they are considered an eco-friendly source of biologically active compounds. Meanwhile, food and pharmaceutical industries are urgently producing natural sugar substitutes and antioxidants as alternatives to synthetic ones which are associated with cytotoxicity and safety issues. This study assesses the potential of using marine SPs obtained via the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of different marine species, to utilize them as antioxidant sugar substitutes. The carbohydrate, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities were measured for SP extracts of the algal species of Ulva lactuca, Jania rubens and the marine plant mangrove Avicennia marina. These SPs were structurally elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The results revealed that SPs’ highest yield percent was obtained from Ulva lactuca, 5.50 ± 0.25%. The SPs of Avicennia marina had the highest carbohydrate content, 44 ± 1% and antioxidant activity, 78.85 ± 0.06 at the 100 μg/mL concentration and 89.50 ± 0.21 at the 250 μg/mL concentration. Meanwhile, the highest phenolic content was exhibited by algal SPs obtained from Jania rubens, 132.60 ± 2.50 mgGa/g. Results also showed that all extracts have potent antioxidant activity, while the highest antioxidant activity belonged to the SPs of Avicennia marina owing possibly to their balanced glucose and galactose contents as measured by HPLC. This work emphasizes the need to consider sulfated polysaccharides from marine sources for their antioxidant activity and to correlate it with their monosaccharide content to determine the effect of reducing sugar concentration on the antioxidant activity.

Download Full-text

PRODUCTION OF GRANULATED INSTANT KISSEL BASED ON WHEY AND VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2020.2-3.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

А.Л. Майтаков ◽

Л.Н. Берязева ◽

Н.Т. Ветрова ◽

К.Б. Плотников

Keyword(s):

Storage Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Storage Period ◽

Technical Documentation ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Aronia Melanocarpa ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Local Plant ◽

The Stability

Разработан новый быстрорастворимый продукт (кисель) с определенным фазовым составом и строением на основе молочной сыворотки и местного растительного сырья – черноплодной рябины (Aronia melanocarpa). Разработана модель технологии производства быстрорастворимого гранулированного продукта (кисель) на основе молочной сыворотки и черноплодной рябины. Исследована сохраняемость киселя в трех температурных режимах: 1-й (21 ± 1)°С; 2-й с низкой плюсовой температурой (5 ± 1)°С; 3-й с повышенной (39 ± 1)°С при влажности окружающей среды 80%. По окончании годичного исследования сохраняемости при температурных режимах (21 ± 1)°С и (5 ± 1)°С изменений в органолептических показателях продукта не наблюдали. Скорость растворения продукта при температурных условиях хранения (21 ± 1)°С и (5 ± 1)°С не изменялась на протяжении 9 мес. Установлено, что при хранении в условиях пониженных положительных температур 4–6°С и в режиме комнатной температуры (21 ± 1)°С исследуемый пищеконцентрат по окончании 6 мес. хранения не изменил свойств по показателям качества. Сроки испытания продукта превышали по длительности в 2 раза заданный срок хранения (коэффициент запаса). Результаты испытаний явились основанием для разработки технической документации на производство быстрорастворимых гранулированных плодово-ягодных киселей. A new fast – soluble product (kissel) with a certain phase composition and structure based on whey and local plant raw materials Aronia melanocarpa. A model of technology for the production of a rapidly soluble granular product (kissel) based on whey and Aronia melanocarpa has been developed. The stability of kissel in three temperature modes was studied: 1st (21 ± 1)°C; 2nd with a low plus temperature (5 ± 1)°C; the 3rd with the increased (39 ± 1)°C at 80% ambient humidity. At the end of a year-long study at temperature conditions (21 ± 1)°С and (5 ± 1)°С, no changes in the organoleptic characteristics of the product were observed. Dissolution rate of the product under storage temperature conditions (21 ± 1)°C and (5 ± 1)°C did not change for 9 months. It is established that when stored at low positive temperatures 4–6°C. With and at room temperature (21 ± 1)°C. At the end of 6 months of storage, the food concentrate under study did not change its properties in terms of quality. The product testing period was 2 times longer than the specified storage period. The test results were the basis for the development of technical documentation for the production of instant granulated fruit and berry kissel.

Download Full-text

Early Outcomes of Patient-Specific Modular Cones for Substitution of Methaphysial and Diaphysial Bone Defects in Revision Knee Arthroplasty

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia ◽

10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-2-9-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 9-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. A. Cherny ◽

A. N. Kovalenko ◽

S. S. Bilyk ◽

A. O. Denisov ◽

A. V. Kazemirskiy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Scoring Systems ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Implant Fixation ◽

Diaphyseal Bone ◽

Custom Made ◽

The Stability ◽

Valid Solution

The aim of this study was the assessment of early outcomes of patient-specific three-dimensional titanium cones with specified porosity parameters to compensate for extensive metaphysical-diaphyseal bone defects in RTKA.Materials and Methods. Since 2017 till 2019 30 patient-specific titanium cones (12 femoral and 18 tibial) implanted during 26 RTKAS. Clinical outcomes evaluated using KSS, WOMAC and fjS-12 scoring systems on average 10 (2–18) months after surgery. At the same time the stability of implant fixation analyzed using frontal, lateral and axial knee roentgenograms.Results. During all procedures there were no technical difficulties in positioning and implantation of custom-made titanium cones. At the time of preparation of the publication, none of the patients had indications for further surgical intervention, as well as intra- and postoperative complications. Six months after surgery all scores improved significantly: KSS from 23 (2–42, SD 19.96) to 66.5 (62–78, SD 7.68), WOMAC from 59 (56–96, SD 28.31) to 32.25 (19–46, SD 11.76), the index FJS-12 was 29.16 points (0–68.75, SD 30.19). The average scores continued to improve up to 18 months: KSS — 97.5 (88–108, SD 9.14), WOMAC — 16.5 (9–24, SD 6.45), FJS-12 — 45.85 (25–75, SD 22.03). No radiolucent lines were noticed during this period of observation.Conclusion. The original additive technology of designing and producing patient-specific titanium cones for compensation of extensive metaphyseal-diaphyseal bone defects in RTKA is a valid solution at least in the short term. A longer follow-up period is required to assess its medium-and long-term reliability compared to existing alternative surgical solutions.

Download Full-text

The study of the properties of sweet cream butter with flavoring components

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2018-3-220-223 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 220-223

Author(s):

O. I. Dolmatova ◽

A. S. Sharshov

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Maple Syrup ◽

Warranty Period ◽

Fatty Oil ◽

Organoleptic Characteristics ◽

Good Consistency ◽

Microbiological Parameters ◽

The Stability ◽

Time Reserve

The technology of sweet-sour dessert oil with maple syrup has been developed. It is of scientific interest to study its quality indices when stored. The organoleptic characteristics of the butter of the sweetener with flavor components were determined in the scores. The score of the ball was 20 points. The chemical parameters of sweet dessert oil with maple syrup are found: mass fraction of fat, not less than – 62%, mass fraction of dry substances, not less – 9,5%, mass fraction of moisture, not more than – 28,5%. The conformity of oil indicators with the norms specified in TP TS 033/2013 for cream butter with the components is established: mass fraction of fat – 50 to 69%, mass fraction of moisture – 16 to 45%. The thermostability of butter of sweet-dessert dessert oil with maple syrup has been determined – 0,7, i.e. the indicator is characterized as satisfactory. A good consistency of sweet dessert oil with maple syrup is found on the slice – the plate has a dense, even surface and edges, with slight pressure bending. The shelf life of sweet dessert oil with maple syrup is 15 days. Acidity of the fat phase was determined over a period of 21 days (taking into account the time reserve). The index of acidity of the analyzed sample for 15 days was – 2.7 °C, which corresponds to the norm. Estimation of the acidity of the fatty phase and the acidity of the plasma of the oil showed an insignificant increase during the warranty period of shelf life. The stability of fatty oil of sweet-dessert dessert with maple syrup has been determined. During the experiment, the color became yellow, the smell is sweet, creamy, pleasant, the aroma of maple syrup is pronounced. The specimen withstood the test for 8 hours, no damage to the fat is noted. The microbiological parameters of the oil have been determined. The conformity of oil with the requirements of State standard 32899–2014 and TP TS 033/2013 during storage is established.

Download Full-text

Water Softening Mechanism and Strength Model for Saturated Carbonaceous Mudstone in Panzhihua Airport, China

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/8874201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Ziwen Wang ◽

Jifang Du ◽

Shuaifeng Wu ◽

Yingqi Wei ◽

Jianzhang Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Water Saturation ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Friction Angle ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Water Softening ◽

Softening Mechanism ◽

The Stability

To identify the water softening mechanisms that caused landslides in Panzhihua Airport, China, property and saturation tests of the mudstones extracted from a representative landslide were proposed. In this paper, water saturation tests were carried out on samples of carbonaceous mudstone collected from the east side of the No. 12 landslide at the airport. A number of different analytical techniques and mechanical tests were used to determine changes in chemical composition, mineral assemblages, and mudstone structural characteristics, including shear strength, after the mudstone had been softened. Three kinds of changes caused by water and three mudstone softening stages are proposed. The results show that the water has a significant influence on the properties of the mudstone, so the stability of the mudstone in the watery period is a big threat to the upper structure. A model for water immersion mudstone strength softening is developed. The model incorporates a permeability coefficient, the hydraulic gradient, and time; the model can be used to determine the mudstone’s shear strength and internal friction angle. This study provides a reference for the study of rock softened by water immersion.

Download Full-text

Advances in measuring mechanical properties of soil in relation to soil health

Advances in measuring soil health - Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science ◽

10.19103/as.2020.0079.15 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 215-240

Author(s):

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Soil Health ◽

Indentation Test ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Confined Compression ◽

Microstructural Stability ◽

Rigorous Testing ◽

The Stability ◽

Properties Of Soil

Although mechanical properties of soil are fast and easy to measure, they have not been used as indicators of soil health apart from cone penetration resistance. The confined compression test is traditionally used for the prediction of soil compaction risks. Other mechanical tests such as soil rheometry, miniature indentation test, and tensile strength are used for assessing the impact of certain amendments on the stability of the soil. Rheological techniques are appropriate to investigate microstructural stability of soil on a particle-particle scale. Miniature indentation test is very useful to perform when mechanical properties of soil are required to measure at the mm scale. Measurement of the tensile strength of soil has an advantage as it eliminates the effect of water content. There is clearly a need for more practical and rigorous testing on comparing different mechanical properties of the soil to test how they perform relative to each other.

Download Full-text

The Influence of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Capacities of Carob Liqueurs Obtained with Different Elaboration Techniques

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8110563 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 563 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Raquel Rodríguez-Solana ◽

Natacha Coelho ◽

Antonio Santos-Rufo ◽

Sandra Gonçalves ◽

Efrén Pérez-Santín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Alcoholic Beverage ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽

Antidiabetic Therapy ◽

Wide Range ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

The Stability

Carob liqueur is a traditional Mediterranean alcoholic beverage obtained via a wide range of production techniques contributing to the different organoleptic attributes of the final product. The aim of this research was to evaluate the stability of the chemical composition and biological capacities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of liqueurs prepared by flavouring the fig spirit with carob pulp by maceration, distillation, percolation, or aqueous and hydro-alcoholic infusions. For this purpose, the phenolic and furanic compositions, the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant capacity (AC), and enzyme inhibitory potential against acethylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. The content of gallic acid decreased after gastrointestinal digestion, while TPC, TFC, and AC significantly increased after each digestion phase. Overall, no significantly different enzyme inhibitions (p < 0.05) were observed among digested liqueurs, with moderate inhibition against acethylcholinesterase and tyrosinase (enzymes related with neurodegenerative diseases), and potent and low inhibitory capacities for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively (ideal conditions employed in antidiabetic therapy). The study indicates that hydro-alcoholic infusion and maceration were the most appropriate methods to obtain liqueurs with higher values of the aforementioned parameters and safe levels of toxic furanics.

Download Full-text

Black Bean Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Supercritical and Pressurized Extraction Increased In Vitro Antidiabetic Potential, While Having Similar Storage Stability

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050655 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 655 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ming Hsieh-Lo ◽

Gustavo Castillo-Herrera ◽

Luis Mojica

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Storage Stability ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Black Bean ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Biological Potential ◽

The Stability

Black bean is a source of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds that are associated with health benefits. This work aimed to optimize the extraction and determine the stability and biological potential of black bean anthocyanin-rich extracts recovered by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The highest concentration of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds were recovered with SFE using 300 bar, 60 °C and co-solvent ethanol/distilled water (50/50, v/v). Eleven non-colored phenolic compounds were identified in SFE extract using Ultra performance liquid chromatography - Electrospray ionization–Quadrupole -Time of flight - Mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS). Myricetin, syringic acid, rutin hydrate and chlorogenic acid presented the highest relative area among identified compounds. Compared to leaching extraction, SFE extracts showed a similar storage stability at 4, 25 and 32 °C (p < 0.05), but with a higher antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) IC50: 0.078 ± 0.01; 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) IC50: 0.161 ± 0.03) and antidiabetic potential (α-amylase IC50: 124.76 ± 12.97; α-glucosidase IC50: 31.30 ± 0.84; dipeptidyl peptidase-IV IC50: 0.195 ± 0.01). SFE extraction is an efficient method to obtain anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds with exceptional biological potential.

Download Full-text

Analysis on the Stability of Total Phenolic Acids and Salvianolic Acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza by HPLC and HPLC-MSn

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300503 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Man Xu ◽

Jian Han ◽

Hui-feng Li ◽

Li Fan ◽

Ai-hua Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Degradation Pathway ◽

Salvianolic Acid B ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Salvianolic Acid ◽

The Stability

The stability of salvianolic acid B and total phenolic acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza in water solutions at different temperatures, in buffered aqueous solutions at different pHs and in biological fluids, including simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, were investigated in vitro. The results showed that the degradation of salvianolic acid B was pH- and temperature-dependent. Furthermore, structures of the degradation products of salvianolic acid B and total phenolic acids were elucidated by liquid chromatography-electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry and analysis of the degraded solutions revealed seventeen degradation products. The possible degradation pathway of salvianolic acid B is proposed.

Download Full-text