The influence of enzyme probiotics on the growth, development and metabolism in young cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
T. A. Krasnoshchekova ◽  
O.N. Tyutyavkina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Economic Experiments ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Effect On Growth

The purpose of the research was to make a comparative study of the use of enzymatic probiotics in the feeding of young cattle Black-and-White breed and to determine their effect on growth, development and metabolic processes. Under the conditions of the Amur region the use of enzymatic probiotics in the feeding of young cattle has been justified in two scientific and economic experiments. In physiological experiments the digestibility of nutrients in rations has been determined; the balance of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus has been studied. As a result of the first scientific and economic experiment, a comparative study of the feeding of enzymatic probiotics Cellobacterin and Vitacell to calves has been carried out. It has been found that the inclusion of the enzymatic probiotic Vitacell in the rations of calves had a better effect on growth, digestibility and balance of nutrients as well as improved hematological parameters, bringing them to the physiological norms. In the second experiment the effect of the enzymatic probiotics Vitacell and Promilk on the dynamics of the live weight of young cattle, their growth, development and metabolic processes has been studied. It has been found that the enzymatic probiotic Vitacell had a better effect on growth, digestibility and nutrient balance compared to the probiotic Promilk. Thus, physiological, biochemical, zootechnical and economic research methods proved the feasibility of using probiotics in the rations of calves of Black-and-White breed, but the best results were obtained when using the probiotic Vitacell. The data of the production inspection confirmed the results obtained in scientific and economic experiments.

scholarly journals The Effects Of Heavy Metals On The Morphological And Biochemical Composition Of The Blood Of Young Cattle Taking Into Account Of Breed Features

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rustem B. Temiraev ◽  
Yusup A. Yuldashbaev ◽  
Susanna K. Cherchesova ◽  
Sofia F. Lamarton ◽  
Valentina S. Gappoeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Group I ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Cadmium Lead

AbstractHeavy metals can selectively accumulate in certain organs and remain in them for a long time. As a result, the accumulation of metal in one or another organ may cause strongest intoxication of the animal. The purpose of the research is to study the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of young cattle of different breeds of the dairy and dairy-and-beef direction of productivity fed in the technogenic zone in the RNO-Alania diets with a high content of heavy metals. According to the principle of analogues, taking into account the breed, origin, age, sex and body weight, 4 groups of 10 animals each of different breed were formed: Group I - black and white, Group II - Danish Red, Group III - Swiss, and Group IV - Simmental. The experimental material was statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel software for mathematical analysis. With a tendency of unreliable differences in morphological indices of blood, in diminishing numbers of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the test breeds should be arranged in the following order: Simmental → Swiss → Red Danish → Black and White. At the same time, as compared to the animals of the black-and-white breed, the young cattle of the Simmental breed showed the best level of intermediate metabolism, which resulted in an increase in total protein and sugar in the blood, which indicates an improvement in their protein and energy metabolism; an increase in the content of albumin in the liquid internal medium and γ-globulins;an increase inconcentration oftotal lipids in serum, respectively, while reducing the level of cholesterol, which indicates an improvement fat metabolism in animals; a significant (P <0.05) decrease in blood saturation with cadmium, lead and zinc, respectively, by 26.8, 48.8 and 30.6%. The highest content of these elements was noted in the wool, then in decreasing order: in bone tissue → liver → muscle tissue → lungs → kidneys. Moreover, between the level of heavy metals in muscles, liver and lungs, on the one hand, and in the wool, bone tissue and kidneys, on the other hand, there was an inversely proportional relationship.

Growth and development of purebred young cattle of Black-and-White breed and crossbreds with Hereford breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
S. L. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Young Cattle

Due to the intensifi cation of the cattle breeding industry, there is a need to fi nd ways and available methods to increase production and improve the quality of beef based on the use of existing breeding stock of dairy cattle. The success of industrial crossbreeding depends primarily on the correct selection of breeds and their compatibility. The purpose of the research was to study the growth and development of purebred young cattle of Black-and-White breed and crossbreeds with Hereford breed in the Leningrad region. Research and production experiment has been carried out in the training and research farm “Pushkinskoe” of the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University. In the control group purebred animals of Black-and-White breed (9 heads steers and 7 heads heifers), in the experimental group half-blood animals (9 heads steers and 7 heads heifers) have been selected obtained as a result of crossbreeding Black-and-White cows and Hereford sires. The researches have been conducted from birth to 18 months of age. Researches have shown that the crossbreed young animals in comparison with purebreds were distinguished by expressed meat type of physique, a squat body with a welldeveloped back, a fairly wide and deep chest and a strong bone structure. Crossbred animals have been characterized by increased growth intensity. Steers and heifers outperformed their Black-and-White herdmates in terms of daily live weight gain overall over the study period by 170,6 g or 18,8 % , and 130,2 g or 15,6 %, respectively (P ≤ 0,01–0,001). According to the research results, it is recommended that to increase the volume of beef production and more fully realize the productive potential of cattle in the Leningrad region, it is necessary to conduct industrial crossbreeding of holstinized Black-and-White cattle with Hereford cattle. The resulting crossbreed young animals should be raised and fattened up to 16 months of age when steers reach a live weight of 540 kg and feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain of 6,4 EFU, and heifers more than 480 kg and 6,9 EFU, respectively.

The improvement of the type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle breed under the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
L. Ovchinnikova ◽  
E. Babich
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
White Breed ◽  
White Cattle

In the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past decade positive changes have been observed in increasing the number of farm animals, increasing their productivity, and increasing the gross production of milk, meat and other products. At the same time the development of dairy cattle breeding is mainly due to the breeding of Black-and-White, Red Steppe, Simmental breeds and their intra-breed types as well as imported from abroad Holstein breed. The purpose of the research was to analyze ways to improve the intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White breed in Northern Kazakhstan. Research work has been carried out on breeding animals such as Karatomar type cattle of Black-and-White breed in LLP “Experimental farm Zarechnoe” in the Kostanay district in the Kostanay region. The dynamics of growth and development indicators, reproductive traits of heifers of a new intra-breed type Karatomar of Black-and-White cattle have been studied. A comprehensive assessment of their economically useful traits in the first lactation, determined by the resistance of animals to climatic and forage conditions, the efficiency of breeding of animals of different genotypes has been conducted. It has been found that the replacement heifers – daughters of American breeding sires inherited precocity and showed higher growth energy after 6 months of age and continued to grow rapidly until 18 months. The advantage in metabolism was in the daughters of Holstein sires of the American selection Orbit 4078, and the increased immune status of the organism in the daughters of the sire of the domestic selection Yamal 975 as the most adapted to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The best ability to increasing the milk yield, stable lactation activity, high milk productivity, gross content of dry matter and nonfat milk solids have been characterized by the daughters of sires of the American selection Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129. Analysis of economic indicators of milk production has been shown that from cows – daughters of sires Orbit 4078 and Lowrider 4129 for 305 days of lactation received 15,8 and 15,2 % more milk of base fat, the expenditures of EFU per 1 kg of production was lower by 10,2 and 5,9 %. A higher level of profitability has been observed in the group of daughters of the sires Orbit 4078 – 35,5 % and Lowrider 4129 – 33,1 %, which was 8,5 and 10,8 % higher than in the group of daughters of the sire Yamal 975.

The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
A. Farkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

Extruded lupine as a part of energy-protein concentrate in the ration of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Z. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Experimental Group

In order to fi ll the existing protein defi ciency in the rations of farm animals in particular dairy cows it is necessary to input feed lupins as widely as possible in crop rotations. Lupin is a very versatile forage crop it can be used in feed as herbage, in the form of haylage, silage, in compound feed as a protein additive, as well as a green manure crop to increase soil fertility. Questions of protein nutrition should be to be quickly resolved, both in the production of protein and in its standardized rational use. Unbalanced protein rations increase feed consumption per unit of production, thereby increasing its prime cost. In the world soya is generally recognized as a protein feed, but in the Kaliningrad region as in most of regions in our country, it does not maturate being a heat-loving crop. Under these environments the inclusion of extruded lupine grain in the composition of energy-protein concentrates for the production of compound feed has become an alternative to replacing expensive soya. The researches have been carried out it the cattle farm of LLC “Temp” in the Guryevsky area in the Kaliningrad region (March-May 2019) on feeding lactating cows energy-protein concentrate from extruded grain of narrow-leaved lupine, fl ax, triticale, subjected to heat treatment on a press extruder. For this purpose two groups of lactating cows of Black-and-White breed (control and experimental) have been formed using the method of pairs of analogs per 11 heads in each. Cows of the control group have received the main ration of the farm, and cows of the experimental group in addition to the main ration have received compound feed with extruded energy-protein concentrate based on lupine. As a result of research, the positive infl uence of energy-protein concentrate based on lupine in compound feed on the dairy productivity of cows has been established. Recipes of concentrate and compound feed with concentrate for lactating cows, the volume of inclusion of components in the concentrate and in the compound feed have been calculated. During the experiment, the milk yield in the experimental group of cows has increased by 62,4 kg or 8,0 %, than in the control group. From the cows of the experimental group the conditional profi t has been received in the amount of 1684,8 rubles per head.

Population characteristics of daughters of domestic and foreign breeding bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
N. I. Abramova ◽  
◽  
O. L. Khromova ◽  
M. O. Selimyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Modern Population

The use of foreign-bred bulls leads to changes in the genetic structure of the black-and-white breed population, which affects the level of population characteristics. The study was conducted to study the comparative variability and heritability of productive and reproductive characteristics of daughters of sires of domestic and foreign selection in pedigree livestock 10 250 cows 1st calving modern population of black-motley breed of the Vologda region. The superiority of the offspring of foreign bulls in the average indicators of all the studied traits was established with confidence (P<0,001). There were no significant differences in the level of variability of the characteristics of the descendants of domestic and foreign bulls. According to productive traits, the greatest variability of indicators was established for milk yield for 305 days of the 1st lactation Cv = 17,3 – 17,7%, therefore, selection on this trait will be more effective. The greatest share of the influence of bullsfathers, both domestic and foreign selection, in the total sum of all factors determining the value of traits in the population of the black-and-white breed, is determined by the milk yield of daughters η2 = 0,22 – 0,24, the age of the 1st fruitful insemination and the first calving η2 = 0,24 – 0,25. In further breeding work with the breed, it is necessary to obtain and use domestic producers that exceed the breeding value of foreign bulls.

DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FARMING

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Х.А. АМЕРХАНОВ ◽  
Г.В. РОДИОНОВ ◽  
Л.П. ТАБАКОВА ◽  
А.П. ОЛЕСЮК ◽  
В.В. БОШЛЯКОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Different Levels

Проведено комплексное исследование морфофункциональных особенностей молочной железы коров черно-пестрой и ярославской пород с разным уровнем молочной продуктивности в условиях крестьянско-фермерского хозяйства Московской области. Рассмотрены молочная продуктивность, морфологические и функциональные свойства вымени подопытных животных, гистологическая структура молочной железы. Отмечено, что у коров черно-пестрой породы количество молочного жира за лактацию составило 256 кг, а у ярославской породы — 233 кг. Показатель коэффициента молочности составил у черно-пестрых животных 1180 кг, а у коров ярославской породы — 1132кг. При анализе лактационных кривых было выявлено, что у подопытных коров обеих групп наивысший суточный удой получен на 2-м и 3-м мес лактации. Так, коэффициент постоянства лактации у коров черно-пестрой породы составил 88,7%, ярославской — 73,5%. При взятии промеров установлено, что по длине задние соски вымени черно-пестрых коров не соответствуют требованиям технологического отбора, а по диаметру сосков обе группы имеют оптимальные показатели. Время доения черно-пестрых животных составило 12,76±0,92 мин, ярославских — 11,45±0,94 мин. По индексу вымени у коров черно-пестрой породы показатели выше, чем у животных ярославской породы на 6,22%. Площадь паренхимы вымени составляет 81,4%, стромы 18,6%, у черно-пестрых особей, тогда как у ярославских на долю железистой ткани приходится 66%, соединительной — 34%. На основании проведенных исследований для повышения продуктивности стада желательно увеличить поголовье черно-пестрых животных и использовать инновационные методы, направленные на повышение качественных показателей молочной продуктивности коров ярославской породы. Complex study of morphological and functional characteristics of the mammary gland of black-and-white and yaroslavskaya breeds of cows with different levels of milk productivity under conditions of a peasant farm from Moscow region has been conducted. Milk productivity, morphological and functional properties of the udder of the animals, histological structure of the mammary gland have been observed. It has been noted that cows of black-and-white breed produced 256 kg of milk fat during lactation, cows of yaroslavskaya breed – 233 kg of milk fat. Milk productivity coefficient indicator for black-and-white breed was 1180 kg, 1132 kg for yaroslavskaya breed. Analysisof lactation curves of the cows studied has revealed that animals from both groups had the highest daily milk yield at the 2nd and 3rd months of lactation. The coefficient of lactation consistency of black-and-white cows has reached 88.7%,yaroslavskaya breed — 73.5%. Measurements taken has revealed that the length of the rear teatsof black-and-white cows did not meet the requirements of technological selection, at the  same time both groups had optimaldiameter of the teat indicators. Milking time for black-and-white cows has reached 12.76±0.92 minutes, for yaroslavskaya breed — 11.45 ± 0.94 minutes. According to the udder index, animals of black-and-white breed had higher indicator than that of the other group, by 6.22%. Cows of black-and-white breed had udder tissue consisting of 81.4% parenchyma and 18.6% stroma, while that of yaroslavskaya breed consisted of 66% glandular tissue, 34% connective tissue. Based on conducted studies it could be concluded, that it is preferable to increase the amount of black-and-white cows in the herd and to use innovative methods for increasing milk productivity of yaroslavskaya breed cows, in order to achieve higher milk productivity of entire herd.

Hematological condition of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. Abilov ◽  
A. Azhmyakov ◽  
I. Novgorodova ◽  
N. Bogolyubova
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Udmurt Republic

Purpose: to study hematological parameters of blood in bulls-producers of dairy breeds on the day of semen collection in the Udmurt Republic after a long winter period of operation, depending on the breeds, age and place of selection.Materials and methods. The work was performed at the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry named after Academy Member L. K. Ernst on the basis of AO "Udmurtplem" of the Udmurt Republic in the period from 2020 to 2021 on dairy bulls (n=20) aged 15-69 months, including a purebred Holstein breed of domestic selection (n=6), a Holstein black-and-white breed of European selection (the Netherlands, n=6), a black-and-white breed with blood transfusion on Holsteins on at the level of 94-98% (n=8). The content of white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit, depending on age and breed, was studied on the ABC VET hematological analyzer on the day of taking the seed.Results. It was found that on average, in 20 bulls aged 15-69 months, the level of white blood cells was at the level of reference values of 8.8±0.25 x 109/l, red blood cells 10.3 x 1012/l, which is 50% more than the reference values. The concentration of hemoglobin is 128.0±2.92 g/l, hematocrit is on average 54.3%, with a norm of 24-46%. Breeding bulls at a reliable level, differing in age, showed that some animals had high indicators for red blood cells of 10.3±0.26 x 102, for hematocrit of 54.3% against 24-46% of reference values. Also, according to hematological indicators, there was a tendency to increase the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in European-bred bulls.Conclusion. The study of the variability in hematological parameters depending on the selection showed that there is no significant difference in leukocytes and all indicators are at the level of reference values, and in erythrocytes more than 50% than the highest indicators. The highest hemoglobin values were at the level of 141-156 g/l instead of 128 g/l according to the highest reference values. Hematocrit also showed high max values in all groups in comparison with the reference values of 59-66% versus 46% in the norm. It is necessary when analyzing hematological blood parameters in addition to the average statistical indicators (M+m) also, monitor the variability (min-max) in order to obtain more objective information.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT ASSESSMENT METHODS OF BREEDING BULLS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED BY THE OFFSPRING QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
E. I. Anisimova E. I. ◽  
◽  
P. S. Katmakov ◽  
A. V. Bushov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Ideal Line

The paper presents results of assessing black-and-white bulls by the quality of the offspring with application of different methods. The evaluation of bulls was carried out with application of the “daughter-mother” method in the conditions of Volzhsky Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation. The valuation showed that the bulls Aist 7 and Muscat 8 increased milk yield of daughters, in comparison with mothers, by 951 and 486 kg, or by 26.7 and 12.9%. The rest of the servicing bulls reduced milk yield of the offspring by 46 - 1019 kg (1.1 - 24.7%). When assessing the bulls using the “daughterpeer” method, the highest milk productivity was shown by the descendants of Sazan 25 and Aist 7 of Vis Back Ideal line, which surpassed their peers in milk yield by 273 and 419 kg, or by 3.8 and 5.7%, respectively. The producers Snop 57 (his 17 daughters had average milk yield of 4224 kg for the first lactation with milk fat of 3.80%) and Muscat 8 (with an average milk yield of daughters of 4254 kg , milk fat - 3.83%) are also of significant value for the breeding work of this farm. According to the assessment results, the producer Aist 7 was assigned to the breeding category of A1 of milk yield improvers. Bulls Sazan 25 and Muscat 8 are also rated as daughters’ milk yield improvers and are categorized as A2 and A3. All bulls evaluated by comparing daughters to the breed standards are improvers of daughters’ milk yield (+ 454-1860 kg).

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