scholarly journals Moderate physical activity improves inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF Alpha) and diabetic profile in prediabetic population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Zubia Shah ◽  
Abdul Waheed Mughal ◽  
Sherbaz Khan ◽  
Saman Tauqir ◽  
Inayat Shah
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tnf Α

Purpose: Prediabetes is a health condition that precedes type 2 diabetes. Globally prevalence of prediabetes is on the rise and approximately 37% of local population are suffering from it. Apart from many other factors, inflammatory markers especially IL-6 and TNF-α play a significant part in development of prediabetes to diabetes. How exercise affects the inflammatory cytokines is elucidated and not completely understood. Methods: A non commercial experimental trail including a total of 48 participants, (36 males and 12 females) with mean age 30.7 ± 7.80 years was carried out after ethical approval and written informed consent. Demographic data, Body plethysmography, exercise parameters, diabetic and inflammatory markers were determined at pre- and post-interventional stage. The exact intensity of exercise capable of eliciting the required heart rate was determined and each participant was asked to perform moderate intensity exercise (45 minutes including warm up and cool down) for 5 days a week for 12 weeks. Results: Twelve weeks of moderate intensity aerobic exercise at (55% to 65% of PMHR) had significant positive effects on body composition including BMI (<0.001), weight (<0.001), diabetic parameters (FBS (0.02), HbA1c (0.001)) and inflammatory parameters (IL-6 (0.018), and TNF-α (0.02)). The effects were identical for males and females with mild differences. Conclusion:Moderate intensity exercise significantly decreases the levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise is easy to incorporate in lifestyle of prediabetic population and can be used as one of the effective strategies for prevention of development of diabetes.

Inflammatory Markers in Response to Different Intensity of Aerobic Exercise in Obese Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Hejazi ◽  
Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini ◽  
Mehrdad Fathi ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Control

Background: The lack of physical activity and obesity causes mild chronic inflammation that is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Evidence suggests that physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of eight weeks of aerobic training with two intensities on levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and insulin resistance in obese Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar male rats (fourteen weeks old and weighing 250 - 300 g, body mass index > 30 g/cm2) were used. After two weeks of familiarity with the laboratory environment, the animals were randomly divided into three groups: (1) high-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8); (2) moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (n = 8), and control (n = 8). The rats in moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercise groups were performed an increasing training for eight weeks and five days a week and one session per day for 60 minutes running at different speeds on a rodent motor-driven treadmill. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and repeated measures (ANOVA) for the inter-group and intra-group comparison of the variance changes. Results: Significant differences were found in serum TNF-α levels (P = 0.027 and F = 3.42), IL-6 levels (P = 0.043 and F = 2.99), and insulin resistance index (P = 0.008 and F = 4.69) between the moderate, high-intensity aerobic exercises, and control groups. The levels of TNF-α concentration was significantly different between moderate-intensity and control group (P = 0.01) and between the high-intensity and control groups (P = 0.01). The insulin resistance index in MI (P = 0.01) and HI (P = 0.01) groups significantly decreased compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study show that both types of moderate-intensity and high-intensity aerobic exercise lead to the reduction of TNF-α, interleukin-6, and insulin resistance index compared to the control group. Further studies are needed to shed light on the effects of different types of exercise on such indices, especially the use of long-term training sessions.

Aerobic Exercise Improves Postprandial Inflammatory and Hemostatic Markers After a High-Fat Meal: A Randomized Cross-Over Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Costa Teixeira ◽  
Renata L. Krüger ◽  
Juliano Boufleur Farinha ◽  
Francesco P Boeno ◽  
Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Postprandial State ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Fat Meal

Exercise intensity modulates postprandial lipemia. It is still unknown, however, its effect on hemostatic and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in the postprandial state. Eleven young males perform a 2-day trial on different conditions: (i) REST: rest for 45 min; (ii) MIE: moderate-intensity exercise; and (iii) HIE: heavy-intensity exercise. Experimental conditions were performed in the evening. On the following morning, blood samples were taken in the fasted state (0 h) and at 1, 3, and 5 h after the consumption of a high-fat meal (HFM). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were higher in the HIE vs. MIE trial at 0 and 1 h (p < 0.033) and IL-10 iAUC was greater in the MIE (p = 0.027) and HIE (p = 0.045) vs. REST. Lower levels of anti-coagulation factor VII (FVII) were observed at 1 h in the MIE condition vs. REST (p = 0.043). In comparison with REST, MIE improved hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 iAUC) whereas HIE enhanced IL-10 in the postprandial state. Regardless of the exercise intensity, aerobic exercise mitigates the deleterious consequences of an HFM. Novelty Bullets: • Prior aerobic exercise at moderate-intensity attenuates next day’s postprandial FVII and IL-10 levels whereas exercise performed at heavy-intensity increases IL-10 levels. • Moderate-intensity exercise may be more beneficial to improve hemostatic (FVII) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) responses while heavy-intensity exercise may improve anti-inflammatory (IL-10) levels only.

scholarly journals Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury: effect of moderate intensity exercise and oxytocin compared to l-arginine in a rat model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr H. ELKady ◽  
Bataa M. Elkafoury ◽  
Dalia A. Saad ◽  
Doaa M. Abd el-Wahed ◽  
Walaa Baher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion

Abstract Background Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury is considered as a main cause of liver damage and dysfunction. The l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway seems to be relevant during this process of IR. Although acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), regular training improves hepatic antioxidant status. Also, oxytocin (Oxy), besides its classical functions, it exhibits a potent antistress, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This study was designed to evaluate the hepatic functional and structural changes induced by hepatic IR injury in rats and to probe the effect and potential mechanism of moderate intensity exercise training and/or Oxy, in comparison to a nitric oxide donor, l-arginine, against liver IR-induced damage. Results Compared to the sham-operated control group, the hepatic IR group displayed a significant increase in serum levels of ALT and AST, plasma levels of MDA and TNF-α, and significant decrease in plasma TAC and nitrite levels together with the worsening of liver histological picture. L-Arg, Oxy, moderate intensity exercise, and the combination of both Oxy and moderate intensity exercises ameliorated these deleterious effects that were evident by the significant decrease in serum levels of ALT and AST, significant elevation in TAC and nitrite, and significant decline in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and TNF-α, besides regression of histopathological score regarding hepatocyte necrosis, vacuolization, and nuclear pyknosis. Both the moderate intensity exercise-trained group and Oxy-treated group showed a significant decline in TNF-α and nitrite levels as compared to l-Arg-treated group. The Oxy-treated group showed statistical insignificant changes in serum levels of ALT, AST, and plasma levels of nitrite, MDA, TAC, and TNF-α as compared to moderate intensity exercise-trained group. Conclusion The combination of both moderate intensity exercise and Oxy displayed more pronounced hepatoprotection on comparison with l-Arg which could be attributed to their more prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects but not due to their NO-enhancing effect.

scholarly journals Age and Sport Intensity-Dependent Changes in Cytokines and Telomere Length in Elite Athletes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Maha Sellami ◽  
Shamma Al-muraikhy ◽  
Hend Al-Jaber ◽  
Hadaia Al-Amri ◽  
Layla Al-Mansoori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Exercise-associated immune response plays a crucial role in the aging process. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sport intensity on cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers and telomere length in aging elite athletes. Methods: In this study, 80 blood samples from consenting elite athletes were collected for anti-doping analysis at an anti-doping laboratory in Italy (FMSI). Participants were divided into three groups according to their sport intensity: low-intensity skills and power sports (LI, n = 18); moderate-intensity mixed soccer players (MI, n = 31); and high-intensity endurance sports (HI, n = 31). Participants were also divided into two age groups: less than 25 (n = 45) and above 25 years old (n = 35). Serum levels of 10 pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and two antioxidant enzymes were compared in age and sport intensity groups and telomere lengths were measured in their respective blood samples. Results: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was the only cytokine showing significantly higher concentration in older athletes, regardless of sport intensity. Interleukin (IL)-10 increased significantly in HI regardless of age group, whereas IL-6 concentration was higher in the older HI athletes. IL-8 showed a significant interaction with sport intensity in different age groups. Overall, significant positive correlations among levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-8 and TNF-α were identified. The antioxidant catalase activity was positively correlated with levels of TNF-α. Telomere length increased significantly with sport intensity, especially in the younger group. Conclusion: HI had longer telomeres and higher levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting less aging in HI compared to low and moderate counterparts in association with heightened immune response. Investigation of the functional significance of these associations on the health and performance of elite athletes is warranted.

Effect of aerobic exercise on innate immune responses and inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord of diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
A. Kaki ◽  
M. Nikbakht ◽  
A.H. Habibi ◽  
H.F. Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Tnf Α

Neuronal inflammation is one of the pathophysiological causes of diabetes neuropathic pain. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on innate immune responses and inflammatory mediators in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with diabetic neuropathic pain. 40 eight-week-old male Wistar rats (weight range 220±10.2 g) were randomly divided into four groups of (1) sedentary diabetic neuropathy (SDN), (2) training diabetic neuropathy (TDN), (3) training control (TC), and (4) sedentary control (SC). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozocin (50 mg/kg). Following confirmation of behavioural tests for diabetes neuropathy, the training groups performed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the treadmill. The expression of Toll like receptor (TLR)4, TLR2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 genes in L4-L6 spinal cord sensory neurons was measured by Real Time PCR. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. After performing aerobic exercise protocol, the TDN compared to the SDN showed a significant decrease in the mean score of pain in the formalin test and a significant increase in the latency in Tail-Flick test was observed. The expression of TLR4, TLR2, TNF-α and IL-1β genes was significantly higher in the SDN than in the SC group (P<0.05). The expression of the above genes in the TDN was significantly lower than the SDN group (P<0.05). Also, the expression level of IL-10 gene was significantly higher in the TDN than the SDN group (P<0.05). Aerobic exercise improved sensitivity of nociceptors to pain-inducing agents in diabetic neuropathy due to inhibition of inflammatory receptors and increased levels of anti-inflammatory agents in the nervous system. Thus, aerobic exercise should be used as a non-pharmacological intervention for diabetic patients to reduce neuropathic pain.

scholarly journals Effects of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase Activity and VO2max in Elderly Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
Gusbakti Rusip ◽  
Sri Mukti Suhartini
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Spearman Test ◽  
Gpx Activity

BACKGROUND: Sedentary lifestyle in the elderly decreases the function of cardiovascular system may lead reduction performance. Many previous studies reported that moderate intensity aerobic exercise was recommended for older persons because it may increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) at optimum level. The increasing of ROS can activate antioxidant mechanism against oxidatif stress due to exercise. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the change of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and VO2max on moderate intensity aerobic exercise and its correlation. METHODS: The study design was quasi-experimental. Subjects were sedentary elderly women age 65 ± 5.06 years old. Total subject was 73 persons selected by consecutive sampling. Subjects did moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks by walking for 30 min a day, 3 times a week at 50–85% of maximum heart rate. The parameters were measured on the baseline and 12 weeks after exercise. GPx activity from the plasma was examined by ELISA and the VO2max was measured by 6-min walking distance. The data were analyzed by unpaired t-test and Spearman test. RESULTS: GPx activity and VO2max were significantly increased about 41.75% and 24.11% (p < 0.05) on the experimental group, respectively. There was a correlation between GPx activity and VO2max (r = 0.223, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: Regular moderate intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased GPx activity and VO2max. This kind of exercise is advised for the elderly because it can elevate antioxidant level as a defense against oxidative stress due to aging; therefore, it can improve aerobic capacity in the elderly.

scholarly journals The Regulation of the Metastatic Cascade by Physical Activity: A Narrative Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie van Doorslaer de ten Ryen ◽  
Louise Deldicque
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Tumor Spread ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Cancer Dissemination

The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the currently available knowledge about the mechanisms by which physical activity may affect metastatic development. The search terms exercise [Title/Abstract] AND metastasis [Title/Abstract] returned 222 articles on PUBMED on the 10 February 2019. After careful analysis of the abstracts, a final selection of 24 articles was made. Physical activity regulates the levels of metastatic factors in each of the five steps of the process. Moderate intensity exercise appears to prevent tumor spread around the body, among others, by normalizing angiogenesis, destroying circulating tumor cells, and decreasing endothelial cells permeability. Contrarily, high-intensity exercise seems to favor cancer dissemination, likely through excessive stress, which can be somewhat counteracted by an appropriate warm-up. In conclusion, chronic adaptations to moderate-intensity endurance exercise seem the most effective way to achieve a preventive effect of exercise on metastases. Altogether, the data gathered here reinforce the importance of encouraging cancer patients to perform moderate physical activity several times a week. To limit the undesired events thereof, a good knowledge of the patient’s training level is important to establish an adapted exercise training program.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Speed and Accuracy Task Components in Motor Learning

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håvard Stranda ◽  
Monika Haga ◽  
Hermundur Sigmundsson ◽  
Håvard Lorås
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Keyboard Typing ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Typing Task

Acute exercise has an influence on human cognition, and both theoretical approaches and previous investigations suggest that the learning process can be facilitated. A distinction has been made however, between the predominately positive effects on task speed compared to both the negative and null effects on aspects of task accuracy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise conducted before each practice trial (3 × week) for a period of four weeks, on speed and accuracy components in a novel keyboard typing task. To this end, young adults (n = 26) where randomized to a non-exercise resting group (control) or an exercise group (ergometer cycling at 65% of age-predicted maximal heart rate). Immediately after exercise or resting, participants practiced keyboard typing through specialized online software for a total of 2 h across the study period. All participants improved their speed and accuracy in the keyboard typing task. At 7-day retention, no differences were found between groups. Thus, the degree of improvement on both speed and accuracy task components was not significantly different between the exercise and control group. Further studies are warranted to establish the specific relationship between aerobic exercise and task components in motor learning and retention.

The effects of short-term high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on plasma levels of nesfatin-1 and inflammatory markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Ahmadizad ◽  
Alireza Salimi Avansar ◽  
Khosrow Ebrahim ◽  
Mohsen Avandi ◽  
Mansour Ghasemikaram
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Intensity Interval

AbstractExercise training is an effective method of weight management, and knowing about its influence on the hormones involved in the regulation of food intake and inflammation could be useful for body weight management. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training (MCT) on nesfatin-1, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).Thirty sedentary overweight men (Mean±SD; age, 25±1 years) were divided into three (n=10) body mass index-matched groups. The participants in the training groups performed either HIIT or MCT protocols 3 days per week for 6 weeks followed by a week of detraining.Plasma IL-6 and TNF-α did not significantly change after training, but nesfatin increased significantly only with HIIT compared with the control group (p<0.05). In addition, fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), decreased significantly following both HIIT and MCT training (p<0.05). After a detraining period, the plasma nesfatin-1 did not return to pre-training levels in the HIIT group.Both the HIIT and MCT groups had similar effects on inflammatory markers and insulin resistance in men who are overweight, but the HIIT seems to have better anorectic effects (as indicated by nesfatin) compared with MCT.

scholarly journals Effect of a Single Bout of Acute Aerobic Exercise at Moderate-to-Vigorous Intensities on Motor Learning, Retention and Transfer

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Håvard Lorås ◽  
Monika Haga ◽  
Hermundur Sigmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Learning Retention

Acute exercise influences human cognition, and evidence suggests that learning can be improved. According to the cognitive–energetic approach towards exercise cognition, exercise represents a stressor that elevates physiological arousal, which, in turn, increases the availability of mental resources. However, the degree of arousal is hypothesized to have optimal and suboptimal states, and moderate intensity exercise is thus considered to be favorable compared to low intensity and vigorous exercise. The current evidence for such a moderating effect of exercise intensity on motor learning, however, appears somewhat mixed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of aerobic exercise conducted with different exercise intensities on immediate practice, transfer, and 24-h retention of a motor skill. To this end, young adults (n  =  40, mean (SD) age: 23.80 (1.98) years) were randomized to exercise at either 50% or 75% of age-predicted maximal heart rate according to the Karvonen formulae. Immediately after exercising, participants practiced a high-precision golf putting task in a blocked design. Retention and transfer of skill were assessed after 24 h. Results indicated that both groups demonstrated motor learning, retention, and transfer at a similar level. Further works are thus needed to establish the specific relationship between exercise and learning and establish the factors that have an influence.

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