STATE SUPPORT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2463-2479
Author(s):  
E.V. Burdenko ◽  
◽  
E.V. Bykasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
State Support ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Trade Route

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the development of entrepreneurship in Russia from the 9th century to 2020. 4 periods in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are highlighted and the characteristics of each of the periods are given. At the first stage, the development of entrepreneurship was facilitated by the formation of cities, which became a trade center. In the 9th century, the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" was actively used. The study showed that the state has always had a strong influence on the development of entrepreneurship. The most difficult in the development of Russian entrepreneurship is the Soviet period, after which the revival of small and medium-sized enterprises began with the support of the state. Attention is paid to modern legislation governing the financial and economic activities of SMEs. A retrospective analysis of government programs to support SMEs from 1994 to 2020 was carried out. The program of state support, which has been in effect since 2016, "Strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" is considered in more detail. In Russia, 95% of private enterprises are microbusiness. The SME Strategy 2030 proposes a classification of SMEs into 2 groups: mass SMEs and hightech ones. Attention is paid to target indicators of SME development for each of the groups until 2030. By 2030, the turnover of SMEs should increase by 240% compared to 2014, the share of SME exports in the total volume of Russian exports should increase to 12%, the number of high-performance jobs in small and mediumsized businesses should increase, etc.

State Support of Russian Small and Medium-Sized Business in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Development Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-464
Author(s):  
Elena Viktorovna Burdenko ◽  
Elena Vyacheslavovna Bykasova ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Mudrova
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Support Program ◽  
State Support ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Prospects

The chapter provides a retrospective analysis of entrepreneurship development in Russia from the 9th century to 2020. It highlights four periods in the development of SMEs in Russia and gives characteristics of each of the periods. It also highlights criteria for classifying enterprises as small and medium-sized businesses according to Russian legislation. A retrospective analysis of government programs to support SMEs from 1994 to 2020 was carried out. The state support program, effective since 2016, “Strategy for the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in the Russian Federation for the Period Ending 2030,” is considered in detail. Attention is paid to target indicators of SME development until 2030. An analysis of measures of state support for SMEs in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has been carried out, highlighting the most affected industries. An analysis of SMEs by region of Russia was also carried out. An analysis of SMEs in effected industries in the post-pandemic period is carried out.

About Measures of the State Support for Technical Equipment of Agricultural Producers

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
A.Ya. Kibirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Technical Base

The article uses methods of statistical analysis, deduction and analogy to consider programs at the Federal, regional and economic levels, which provide for measures aimed at improving the technical equipment of agricultural producers. Particular attention is paid to the acquisition of energy-saving, high-performance agricultural machinery and equipment used in the production and processing of agricultural products. An assessment of the effectiveness of state support for updating the material and technical base of agriculture is given. Based on the results of the study, conclusions and recommendations were formulated.

Medico-Social Examination: the Modern Aspects of Legal Regulation

10.12737/5942 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Разиньков ◽  
D. Razinkov ◽  
Михайлов ◽  
I. Mikhaylov ◽  
Михайлова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Traditional Classification

In article the legislative base, which is the foundation of functioning of the state system of medical-social examination, is considered and analyzed. The questions of legal regulation of the state activity in the sphere of social policy concerning disabled people are discussed. The methods of sociological research and logical analysis of literature and official normatively-legal papers, being the basis of activity of the system of medico-social examination and sphere of giving to the invalids the equal with other citizens possibilities in realization of constitutional rights and freedoms, public welfare and establishment, are applied to the invalids as the measures of government support. In conclusions the emphasis is placed on need of carrying out radical restructurings for system of medico-social examination. It is offered to modify the existing classification of indexes of health and indexes, related to the health taking into account the socio-economic, climatic and other features; to strength the control of execution of government programs in the medico-social sphere; to modify the traditional classification of groups of disability; to change a way of features accounting of disabled people with various functional violations proceeding from a complex assessment of dysfunction of the neuro-physiological and psycho-physiological statuses; to use the innovative technologies of diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation in correction of the functional violations with taking in mind not only the nosologic group of disease, but by an individual approach.

scholarly journals Desempenho Econômico Ambiental dos Municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul: um Estudo dos Indicadores da Contabilidade Verde e Social na Política de Sustentabilidade

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Ayron Vinícius Pinheiro de Assunção ◽  
Ryan Caldas ◽  
Cristhiano Barbosa ◽  
Alice de Carvalho Assad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Resumo Este artigo tem por finalidade mostrar o desempenho econômico causados pelas principais atividades econômicas do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Nesse contexto, os estudos prospectivos irão demonstrar e identificar os indicadores de sustentabilidade de Mato Grosso do Sul para os estudos setoriais e regionais, que subsidiem o aprimoramento de políticas públicas auxiliando na elaboração de Programas Estratégicos de Governo, que levam em consideração as questões do desenvolvimento sustentável ambiental e parâmetros de impacto. Dentro desse enfoque, a possibilidade da construção de indicativos para mensurar quais são os municípios do Estado com maior desempenho econômico sobre o meio ambiente e sobre a sociedade como um todo. Tornando-se relevante na discussão das políticas públicas. Além disso, os diagnósticos gerados pela construção de indicadores sintéticos permitem aos tomadores de decisão cenários prospectivos a respeito da sustentabilidade, subsidiando o aprimoramento, a avaliação e o monitoramento das Políticas Públicas e Programas Governamentais. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma abordagem de indicações agregativas para mensuração da sustentabilidade, que avaliou os resultados para os setenta e nove municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul, revelando quais as principais similaridades e pontos de atenção em relação à sustentabilidade. Propondo no geral objetivar, mensurar a construção e estimação de um Índice de Desenvolvimento Sustentável para o Estado. Palavras-chave: Desempenho Econômico. Contabilidade Verde. Desenvolvimento Regional. Abstract This article aims to show the economic performance caused by the main economic activities of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In this context, prospective studies will demonstrate the identification of Mato Grosso do Sul sustainability indicators for sectoral and regional studies that support the improvement of public policies, aiding in the elaboration of strategic government programs that take into account the issues of sustainable environmental development and impact parameters. Within this approach, it is possible to construct indicators to measure the economic activities with the highest performance on the environment and on society as a whole, becoming relevant in the discussion of public policies. In addition, the diagnoses generated by the synthetic indicators construction allow decision makers to make prospective scenarios regarding sustainability by subsidizing the improvement of the evaluation and monitoring of public policies and government programs. Therefore, an aggregative indicator approach for sustainability measurement was developed, which evaluated the results for the 79 municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul revealing the main similarities and points of attention related to sustainability, proposing in general, to objectify and measure the construction and estimation of a sustainable development index for the state. Keywords: Economic Performance. Indicators. Environmental Sustainability.

scholarly journals Normative Production Accounting in the Digital Economy: Issues and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Polulekh
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Further Development

In the digital economy the task of real-time monitoring of the state of production chains creates an objective need to restore normative economy. Detailed study of normative production accounting becomes particularly relevant and significant. The aim of the study was to classify the issues of normative production accounting and to justify the ways of solving them for further standardization and regulation of analytical procedures. Empirical methods such as observation, comparison, induction and deduction were used in the study. The article reports the results of the retrospective analysis of the provisions and practices of the normative method as well as the state of the deployment of the production operations and chains in the current context. It was determined that the formula for the normative method requires modification while the algorithm for allocation of indirect costs requires justification and interpretation. The study concludes that theoretical and methodological provisions of the normative method should be developed regarding the business processes. The set of characteristics which determines competitiveness of business processes was argued as the accounting object. Basing on this it was proven that there is need for further development of national standards for statistics, metrology, accounting as well as for the use of a common classification of industries and typology of production.

STATE SUPPORT TO ELDERLY CITIZENS: WHICH GERIATRIC NEEDS MODERN RUSSIA? (PART 2)

2020 ◽  
pp. 625-645
Author(s):  
В. Н. Анисимов ◽  
Г. А. Бордовский ◽  
А. В. Финагентов ◽  
А. В. Шабров
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
The State ◽  
State Support ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Systemic Support

Публикация продолжает рассмотрение причинно-следственных связей низкой эффективности государственной политики в сфере продления периода активного долголетия с несистемным подходом к формированию и реализации государственных программ. В контексте анализа причин недостаточной эффективности действующих государственных программ в сфере совершенствования социальной поддержки пожилых граждан гериатрия позиционируется как составная часть геронтологии - направление прикладных исследований, обеспечивающих решение медицинских, социальных, психологических и иных проблем, возникающих у граждан старших возрастных групп. В частности, эти проблемы связаны с психофизиологическим, социально-экономическим, образовательным, культурным и правовым статусом указанной категории граждан. Формализуется область использования гериатрической помощи и ее статус как базовой составляющей комплексной медико-социальной помощи гражданам старшего поколения. Обосновывается влияние геронтологии и гериатрии в процессе обеспечения системной поддержки повышения качества жизни пожилых граждан, являющейся одним из приоритетов государственной политики России. Мотивируется необходимость изменения действующих законодательных актов и нормативных документов, регламентирующих оказание государственной поддержки гражданам старшего поколения, системной переработки действующих государственных программ в указанной сфере, основанной на использовании научного подхода к решению проблемы адаптации государства к процессам постарения общества. The publication continues to consider the cause-subsequent relationships of low efficiency of the state policy in the field of prolonging the period of active longevity altogether with unsystematic approaches to the formation and implementation of state programs. In the context of the analysis of the reasons for the insufficient effectiveness of existing state programs in the field of improving social support for senior citizens, geriatrics is positioned as an integral part of gerontology - an area of applied research that provides solutions to medical, social, psychological and other problems that arise among citizens of elderly. In particular, these problems are associated with the psychophysiological, socio-economic, educational, cultural and legal status of this category of citizens. Geriatric care and its status as a basic component of comprehensive medical and social assistance to senior citizens are formalized. The influence of gerontology and geriatrics in the process of providing systemic support for improving the quality of life of senior citizens, which is one of the priorities of Russian state policy, is substantiated. The motivation is the need to amend existing laws and regulations governing the provision of state support to senior citizens, systematic processing of existing government programs in this area, based on the use of a scientifi c approach to solving the problem of adapting the state to the aging processes of society.

scholarly journals Methodological Support for Separate Accounting   of the Performance of State Defense contractors (SDc)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
N. T. Labyntsev ◽  
P. V. Kolesnik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Defense Contractors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
State Defense

Currently, the Russian Federation invests heavily in the production of products under the state defense order (hereinafter — SDO). The head executors and executors of the state budget are obliged to ensure separate accounting of the results of financial and economic activities for each state contract. The article is devoted to the development of methodological support for separate accounting of performance at enterprises which are the executors of the state budget. The research methodology is an analysis of existing methodological approaches to separate accounting of financial results of the SDO and the construction of the author’s own methodology on their basis. The article offers recommendations on the organization and methodology of separate accounting of the results of financial and economic activity by the organizations-executors of the SDO. The author’s definition of the term “separate accounting of the results of financial and economic activities in SDO” is given. The form of the register of accounting for grouping of the actual costs for execution of the SDO is developed. The developed recommendations for management job order costing accounting, clearance accounting, classification of costs by types, and the formation of registers of analytical accounting will allow the organizations-executors of the SDO to keep separate records in accordance with the regulatory requirements and to obtain information on the financial results of each contract at any given time.

scholarly journals Mapeamento e caracterização fitofisionômica da Planície Costeira do Litoral Norte do Estado de Sergipe

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Túlio Vinicius Paes Dantas ◽  
Fabrício Passos Fortes ◽  
Adauto De Souza Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Good State

A Planície Costeira do Litoral Norte do estado de Sergipe é relativamente bem preservada a despeito do recente aumento da infraestrutura rodoviária e do aumento populacional dos povoamentos, contudo é pouco conhecida quanto a sua diversidade de fisionomias vegetacionais e o real status da conservação das unidades da vegetação. A presente pesquisa objetivou mapear e descrever as fitofisionomias da planície sedimentar quaternária sergipana ao Norte do Rio Sergipe até as margens do Rio São Francisco, por meio da classificação supervisionada de imagens de satélites e visitas de campo. Foram reconhecidas dez fitofisionomias cuja distribuição e estado de conservação são influenciados por características geomorfológicas e pela proximidade dos núcleos de urbanização e atividades econômicas desenvolvidas. Houve o predomínio de vegetações herbáceas, principalmente do Campo Fechado Inundado, que ocupou 21% da área avaliada e é formado por depressões intercordões litorâneos ou do terraço marinho Quaternário, seguindo-se de Campos Entremeados de origem antrópica, utilizados para pastagens ou cultura do coco-da-baía. As formações arbustivas típicas das restingas que originalmente cobririam grande parte da Planície Costeira se concentraram na forma de pequenos fragmentos em regiões mais isoladas, tendo sido a fitofisionomia mais alterada no processo histórico de ocupação. Os fragmentos em melhor estado de conservação podem ser considerados como remanescentes de formações costeiras do estado, porém em todos são evidenciados impactos de atividades humanas diversas. Espera-se que o mapeamento e descrição das fitofisionomias possam ser utilizados como ferramentas para preservação e gestão territorial da região estudada. Mapping and characterization of vegetation physiognomies of the northern coastal Plain of Sergipe State A B S T R A C TThe Coastal Plain of the Northern Seashore of the state of Sergipe is relatively well preserved, despite the recent increase in road infrastructure and population increase of the villages. However it is little known in its diversity of vegetation physiognomies and the real status of the conservation of vegetation units.  The present research had the objective of mapping and describing the phytophysiognomies of the quaternary sedimentary plain of Northern Sergipe, through supervised classification of satellite images. Ten phytophysiognomies were recognized, whose distribution and conservation status are influenced by geomorphological characteristics and the proximity of urbanization centers and the development of economic activities. There was a predominance of herbaceous vegetation, mainly of the Closed Flooded Field, which occupied 21% of the evaluated area and is formed by depressions between coastal sand lines or marine terrace, followed by Interspersed Field of anthropic origin, used for pasture or coconut culture. The shrub formations, that originally covered much of the Coastal Plain, were concentrated in small fragments in more isolated regions, being the most altered phytophysiognomy in the historical process of occupation. The fragments in good state of conservation can be considered as remnants of coastal formations of the State, but in all, the impacts of diverse human activities are evidenced. It is expected that the mapping and description of phytophysiognomies will be used as tools for the preservation and territorial management of the studied region.Key words: Mangrove; Restinga; Coastal vegetation; Habitat suppression; Vegetation classification

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF SMALL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
pp. 204-213
Author(s):  
D.V. Lyapin
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Classification ◽  
Public Policy Instruments ◽  
The Eu

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a much broader concept than just enterprises, and additionally include individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed. SMEs in a broad sense are precisely the sector that is seen in the EU and around the world as a key component of national security and a key element of employment. SMEs is a guarantee social stability and are an important element of innovative development and, accordingly, significantly affect the success of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The current state of SME development in Ukraine is generally proportional to the state of SME development in the EU, but the regulatory conditions for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises still do not fully meet the requirements and standards that should ensure economic growth. Therefore, in Ukraine the process of accumulation and understanding of the world experience of developed countries in the field of procedures for the formation of state policy on SMEs is becoming increasingly important. And the first stage of this process is the proper definition of the object of regulation - that is, the development of unambiguous terminology and criteries - which economic subjects belong to the group of micro, small and medium. The article considers the stages of development of a modern classification of SMEs in Ukraine, presents the positive and negative components of this process. The process of bringing the classification of SMEs in Ukraine in line with European practice is analyzed. Peculiarities of SME classification in the context of formation of state support programs are considered. The expediency of adopting the classifier of economic activities (KVED:2010) in the form of the law of Ukraine has been studied (at this time - as normative act of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine). The article shows that in most developed countries the classification of SMEs is not completely universal for different policies (fiscal, support policy, export, etc.) - and even within one country, different classifiers of SMEs can be used. Therefore, the emphasis is not on the formal compliance of SMEs with certain criteria, but on a meaningful understanding of the qualitative and fundamental differences between micro and small and medium-sized businesses. And the definition that public policy towards micro, small and medium-sized businesses has qualitatively different goals and should use different public policy instruments.

Commodity Lending in Agriculture of the Samara Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
K.A. Zhichkin ◽  
◽  
V.V. Nosov ◽  
L.N. Zhichkina ◽  
D.S. Zheleznikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
State Support

The article considers the theoretical basis for the use of commodity lending in the Samara region, including as an element of the system of state support for the agro-industrial complex of the region. The author’s classification of commodity lending is proposed. The existing experience in the use of commercial lending is analyzed. The main attention is paid to the activities of the state unitary enterprise SO “Veles”, which provides commodity lending with state support, transferring large and small commercial cattle to farms in the Samara region.

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