scholarly journals Mapeamento e caracterização fitofisionômica da Planície Costeira do Litoral Norte do Estado de Sergipe

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Túlio Vinicius Paes Dantas ◽  
Fabrício Passos Fortes ◽  
Adauto De Souza Ribeiro

A Planície Costeira do Litoral Norte do estado de Sergipe é relativamente bem preservada a despeito do recente aumento da infraestrutura rodoviária e do aumento populacional dos povoamentos, contudo é pouco conhecida quanto a sua diversidade de fisionomias vegetacionais e o real status da conservação das unidades da vegetação. A presente pesquisa objetivou mapear e descrever as fitofisionomias da planície sedimentar quaternária sergipana ao Norte do Rio Sergipe até as margens do Rio São Francisco, por meio da classificação supervisionada de imagens de satélites e visitas de campo. Foram reconhecidas dez fitofisionomias cuja distribuição e estado de conservação são influenciados por características geomorfológicas e pela proximidade dos núcleos de urbanização e atividades econômicas desenvolvidas. Houve o predomínio de vegetações herbáceas, principalmente do Campo Fechado Inundado, que ocupou 21% da área avaliada e é formado por depressões intercordões litorâneos ou do terraço marinho Quaternário, seguindo-se de Campos Entremeados de origem antrópica, utilizados para pastagens ou cultura do coco-da-baía. As formações arbustivas típicas das restingas que originalmente cobririam grande parte da Planície Costeira se concentraram na forma de pequenos fragmentos em regiões mais isoladas, tendo sido a fitofisionomia mais alterada no processo histórico de ocupação. Os fragmentos em melhor estado de conservação podem ser considerados como remanescentes de formações costeiras do estado, porém em todos são evidenciados impactos de atividades humanas diversas. Espera-se que o mapeamento e descrição das fitofisionomias possam ser utilizados como ferramentas para preservação e gestão territorial da região estudada. Mapping and characterization of vegetation physiognomies of the northern coastal Plain of Sergipe State A B S T R A C TThe Coastal Plain of the Northern Seashore of the state of Sergipe is relatively well preserved, despite the recent increase in road infrastructure and population increase of the villages. However it is little known in its diversity of vegetation physiognomies and the real status of the conservation of vegetation units.  The present research had the objective of mapping and describing the phytophysiognomies of the quaternary sedimentary plain of Northern Sergipe, through supervised classification of satellite images. Ten phytophysiognomies were recognized, whose distribution and conservation status are influenced by geomorphological characteristics and the proximity of urbanization centers and the development of economic activities. There was a predominance of herbaceous vegetation, mainly of the Closed Flooded Field, which occupied 21% of the evaluated area and is formed by depressions between coastal sand lines or marine terrace, followed by Interspersed Field of anthropic origin, used for pasture or coconut culture. The shrub formations, that originally covered much of the Coastal Plain, were concentrated in small fragments in more isolated regions, being the most altered phytophysiognomy in the historical process of occupation. The fragments in good state of conservation can be considered as remnants of coastal formations of the State, but in all, the impacts of diverse human activities are evidenced. It is expected that the mapping and description of phytophysiognomies will be used as tools for the preservation and territorial management of the studied region.Key words: Mangrove; Restinga; Coastal vegetation; Habitat suppression; Vegetation classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 171120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olapeju Y. Onamuti ◽  
Emmanuel C. Okogbue ◽  
Israel R. Orimoloye

Lake Chad commonly serves as a major hub of fertile economic activities for the border communities and contributes immensely to the national growth of all the countries that form its boundaries. However, incessant and multi-decadal drying via climate change pose greater threats to this transnational water resource, and adverse effects on ecological sustainability and socio-economic status of the catchment area. Therefore, this study assessed the extent of shrinkage of Lake Chad using remote sensing. Landsat imageries of the lake and its surroundings between 1987 and 2005 were retrieved from Global Land Cover Facility website and analysed using Integrated Land and Water Information System version 3.3 (ILWIS 3.3). Supervised classification of area around the lake was performed into various land use/land cover classes, and the shrunk part of its environs was assessed based on the land cover changes. The shrinkage trend within the study period was also analysed. The lake water size reduced from 1339.018 to 130.686 km 2 (4.08–3.39%) in 1987–2005. The supervised classification of the Landsat imageries revealed an increase in portion of the lake covered by bare ground and sandy soil within the reference years (13 490.8–17 503.10 km 2 ) with 4.98% total range of increase. The lake portion intersected with vegetated ground and soil also reduced within the period (11 046.44–10 078.82 km 2 ) with 5.40% (967.62 km 2 ) total decrease. The shrunk part of the lake covered singly with vegetation increased by 2.74% from 1987 to 2005. The shrunk part of the lake reduced to sand and turbid water showed 5.62% total decrease from 1987 to 2005 and a total decrease of 1805.942 km 2 in area. The study disclosed an appalling rate of shrinkage and damaging influences on the hydrologic potential, eco-sustainability and socio-economics of the drainage area as revealed using ILWIS 3.3.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5009
Author(s):  
Lingbo Huang ◽  
Yushi Chen ◽  
Xin He

In recent years, supervised learning-based methods have achieved excellent performance for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, the collection of training samples with labels is not only costly but also time-consuming. This fact usually causes the existence of weak supervision, including incorrect supervision where mislabeled samples exist and incomplete supervision where unlabeled samples exist. Focusing on the inaccurate supervision and incomplete supervision, the weakly supervised classification of HSI is investigated in this paper. For inaccurate supervision, complementary learning (CL) is firstly introduced for HSI classification. Then, a new method, which is based on selective CL and convolutional neural network (SeCL-CNN), is proposed for classification with noisy labels. For incomplete supervision, a data augmentation-based method, which combines mixup and Pseudo-Label (Mix-PL) is proposed. And then, a classification method, which combines Mix-PL and CL (Mix-PL-CL), is designed aiming at better semi-supervised classification capacity of HSI. The proposed weakly supervised methods are evaluated on three widely-used hyperspectral datasets (i.e., Indian Pines, Houston, and Salinas datasets). The obtained results reveal that the proposed methods provide competitive results compared to the state-of-the-art methods. For inaccurate supervision, the proposed SeCL-CNN has outperformed the state-of-the-art method (i.e., SSDP-CNN) by 0.92%, 1.84%, and 1.75% in terms of OA on the three datasets, when the noise ratio is 30%. And for incomplete supervision, the proposed Mix-PL-CL has outperformed the state-of-the-art method (i.e., AROC-DP) by 1.03%, 0.70%, and 0.82% in terms of OA on the three datasets, with 25 training samples per class.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
N. T. Labyntsev ◽  
P. V. Kolesnik

Currently, the Russian Federation invests heavily in the production of products under the state defense order (hereinafter — SDO). The head executors and executors of the state budget are obliged to ensure separate accounting of the results of financial and economic activities for each state contract. The article is devoted to the development of methodological support for separate accounting of performance at enterprises which are the executors of the state budget. The research methodology is an analysis of existing methodological approaches to separate accounting of financial results of the SDO and the construction of the author’s own methodology on their basis. The article offers recommendations on the organization and methodology of separate accounting of the results of financial and economic activity by the organizations-executors of the SDO. The author’s definition of the term “separate accounting of the results of financial and economic activities in SDO” is given. The form of the register of accounting for grouping of the actual costs for execution of the SDO is developed. The developed recommendations for management job order costing accounting, clearance accounting, classification of costs by types, and the formation of registers of analytical accounting will allow the organizations-executors of the SDO to keep separate records in accordance with the regulatory requirements and to obtain information on the financial results of each contract at any given time.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2463-2479
Author(s):  
E.V. Burdenko ◽  
◽  
E.V. Bykasova ◽  

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the development of entrepreneurship in Russia from the 9th century to 2020. 4 periods in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia are highlighted and the characteristics of each of the periods are given. At the first stage, the development of entrepreneurship was facilitated by the formation of cities, which became a trade center. In the 9th century, the trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks" was actively used. The study showed that the state has always had a strong influence on the development of entrepreneurship. The most difficult in the development of Russian entrepreneurship is the Soviet period, after which the revival of small and medium-sized enterprises began with the support of the state. Attention is paid to modern legislation governing the financial and economic activities of SMEs. A retrospective analysis of government programs to support SMEs from 1994 to 2020 was carried out. The program of state support, which has been in effect since 2016, "Strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030" is considered in more detail. In Russia, 95% of private enterprises are microbusiness. The SME Strategy 2030 proposes a classification of SMEs into 2 groups: mass SMEs and hightech ones. Attention is paid to target indicators of SME development for each of the groups until 2030. By 2030, the turnover of SMEs should increase by 240% compared to 2014, the share of SME exports in the total volume of Russian exports should increase to 12%, the number of high-performance jobs in small and mediumsized businesses should increase, etc.


2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Simone Da Silveira Magalhães ◽  
Islane Costa Ramos ◽  
Thelma Leite De Araújo

ABSTRACTObjective: to investigate the profile of liver donors in the State of Ceara, establishing a relationship with the criteria of the receptors waiting list. Methods: a retrospective documental research was done in a University Hospital in Fortaleza city. Data on all liver donors listed in the liver transplant report archive in the surgical center of the hospital, from 2007 to 2008, were collected, through a structured form. The data is presented in tables and analyzed according to the literature. This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Hospital of the University in Fortaleza (003.02.09). Results: we concluded that there is a very good benefit rate (88%), considering the livers that could be donated. The main cause of death among the donors was cranio-encephalic trauma, in the age group between 21 and 30 years. The majority of cases weighed between 61 and 80 kg. The blood type O was the most commonly found. The priority and classification of clinical seriousness criteria of the probable receptor were considered. Conclusions: the donors’ profile is in accordance with the criteria of the receptors’ waiting list. It should be noted that most of the donors are young males that suffered transit accidents. Descriptors: liver transplantation; tissue donors; health profile. RESUMOObjetivo: investigar o perfil dos doadores de fígado no estado do Ceará, correlacionando-o com os critérios da lista de espera dos receptores. Métodos: pesquisa documental e retrospectiva realizada em um Hospital Universitário em Fortaleza. Os dados foram coletados com base no detalhamento de todos os doadores listados no Relatório do transplante hepático existente no Centro Cirúrgico da Instituição em 2007 e 2008. Para a coleta foi utilizado um formulário estruturado. Os dados foram apresentados em tabelas e analisados com base na literatura.  O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário (003.02.09), Resultados: Verificou-se que há uma alta taxa de aproveitamento dos fígados disponibilizados para transplantes no Ceará (88%). A principal causa de morte em doadores foi o traumatismo crânio-encefálico, entre adultos, na faixa etária entre 21 a 30 anos, com peso mais frequente entre 61 a 80 kg. Os doadores do tipo sanguíneo O foram os mais presentes. Considerou-se também as priorizações e os critérios de classificação de gravidade clínica do provável receptor. Conclusão: O perfil do doador atende aos critérios da lista de espera dos receptores, mas deve-se atentar para o fato de serem na sua maioria homens, jovens e vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Descritores: transplante de fígado; doadores de tecidos; perfil de saúde. RESUMENObjetivo: investigar el perfil de los donadores de hígado en el estado de Ceará, correlacionando estos perfiles con los criterios  de la lista de espera de los receptores. Métodos: se realizo una busque da retrospectiva de documentos en un Hospital Universitario en Fortaleza. Los datos fueron coletados basados en lo detallismo de todos donadores registrados en la lista de transplante hepático existente en el Centro Quirúrgico de la institución entre 2007 y 2008. Para el registro fue utilizado un formulario estructurado. Los datos fueron presentados en tablas y analizados con base en la literatura. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Hosptial de la Universidad Federal en Fortaleza (003.02.09). Resultados: se verificó que hubo una alta tasa de aprovechamiento de los hígados en disponibilidad para transplantes en Ceará (88%). La principal causa de muerte entre los donadores fue traumatismo cráneo encefálico, entre adultos, en el grupo etario entre 21 a 30 años, con un peso promedio de 61 a 80 Kg. Los donadores de tipo sanguíneo O fueron los más frecuentes. Se consideró también las priorizaciones de los criterios de clasificación de gravedad clínica del probable receptor. Conclusión: el perfil del donador cumple los criterios de la lista de espera de los receptores, pero debe tener en cuenta el fato de seren la mayoría hombres, jovens y víctimas de los accidentes de tránsito. Descriptores: transplante de hígado; donadores de tejidos; perfil de salud. 


Author(s):  
D.V. Lyapin

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a much broader concept than just enterprises, and additionally include individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed. SMEs in a broad sense are precisely the sector that is seen in the EU and around the world as a key component of national security and a key element of employment. SMEs is a guarantee social stability and are an important element of innovative development and, accordingly, significantly affect the success of Ukraine's integration into the EU. The current state of SME development in Ukraine is generally proportional to the state of SME development in the EU, but the regulatory conditions for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises still do not fully meet the requirements and standards that should ensure economic growth. Therefore, in Ukraine the process of accumulation and understanding of the world experience of developed countries in the field of procedures for the formation of state policy on SMEs is becoming increasingly important. And the first stage of this process is the proper definition of the object of regulation - that is, the development of unambiguous terminology and criteries - which economic subjects belong to the group of micro, small and medium. The article considers the stages of development of a modern classification of SMEs in Ukraine, presents the positive and negative components of this process. The process of bringing the classification of SMEs in Ukraine in line with European practice is analyzed. Peculiarities of SME classification in the context of formation of state support programs are considered. The expediency of adopting the classifier of economic activities (KVED:2010) in the form of the law of Ukraine has been studied (at this time - as normative act of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine). The article shows that in most developed countries the classification of SMEs is not completely universal for different policies (fiscal, support policy, export, etc.) - and even within one country, different classifiers of SMEs can be used. Therefore, the emphasis is not on the formal compliance of SMEs with certain criteria, but on a meaningful understanding of the qualitative and fundamental differences between micro and small and medium-sized businesses. And the definition that public policy towards micro, small and medium-sized businesses has qualitatively different goals and should use different public policy instruments.


Webbia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Paulo José Fernandes Guimaraes ◽  
Caio Baez ◽  
Patrícia Rosa ◽  
Gustavo Martinelli ◽  
Diego Nunes Da Silva

The remaining portion of Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro constitutes a strategic challenge in the conservation of the biome, by concentrating high richness and endemism of species that are distributed in distinct vegetative fragments covering the mountainous regions. In the state, the genus Pleroma presents a high diversity, currently 45 species, of which 14 are endemic and several of these have knowledge gaps. This paper aims to document rediscoveries in the Três Picos State Park of two species of Pleroma that had not been collected for 69 and 100 years respectively. These discoveries resulted from the actions of the National Center for Plant Conservation, a division of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden. Updated descriptions, geographic information and distribution maps, and cited collections for these two species of Pleroma are presented here together with an assessment of their current conservation status. Based on IUCN criteria, we recommend a classification of Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN) for Pleroma virgatum and P. elegans, respectively.


2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Iu. O. Lazebnyk

The purpose of the article is to develop software-methodological and organizational principles for the formation of the system of statistical observation of traumatism in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the cycle of actions for the statistical provision of prevention of injuries is considered. International approaches to collecting statistics on injuries are considered. The disadvantages of the existing way of providing information on accidents with a fatal outcome and group accidents connected with production are presented, which are presented on the site of the State Labour Committee of Ukraine. The situation regarding injuries in the workplace as a result of accidents in Ukraine over the last four years has been analyzed. A comparative characteristic of the relevant statistical information provided by the International Labour Organization, the State Labour Organization of Ukraine and the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine is conducted. Particular attention is paid to the substantiation of the basic requirements for the unification of information concerning traumatized persons who have applied for help to medical establishments in order to form a national database. According to the proposed methodology for the formation of a national database on injury, it should be based on national and international statistical classifications and standards. It is determined that the basis of the formation of the national database of injuries should be taken elements of the European Injury Database (at the level of the minimum set of data). The main characteristics of the proposed international and national statistical classifications, such as: Classification of objects of the administrative-territorial organization of Ukraine (COATOU), International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED-2011), Classification of Professions (SC 003:2010), Classification of Types of Economic Activities (SC 009:2010), International Classification of External Causes of Injuries (ICECI). It has been determined that one of the directions of further research should be to determine the possibilities of adapting to the national conditions a comprehensive set of indicators of health, in particular, concerning categories of injuries.


2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio ◽  
Antonio Carlos De Barros Corrêa ◽  
Danielle Gomes da Silva ◽  
Célia Cristina Clemente Machado

O presente estudo visou classificar os quinze estuários do Estado de Pernambuco, adotando como base as características geomorfológicas. A base de dados utilizada para a classificação foram imagens de satélites do Landsat 5-TM. Foram realizadas análises visuais das imagens de satélite e posteriormente efetuados trabalhos de campo com o intuito de validar as interpretações realizadas. Na zona costeira pernambucana os estuários classificam-se como: Planície Costeira (vale inundado), Formado por Barras e por Outros Processos. As interações espaço-temporal dos processos ambientais durante o Quaternário foram de fundamental importância para a atual configuração das áreas estuarinas classificadas, tendo em vista que tectonismo, erosão e sedimentação recorrente das regressões e transgressões marinhas foram processos recursivos durante a formação dos estuários e que deixaram registros na paisagem. Foram definidos como planície costeira os estuários do Goiana/Megaó, Jaguaribe, Paratibe, Maracaípe, Sirinhaém e Formoso. Do tipo construído pro barra tem-se o Timbó, Beberibe, Jaboatão/Pirapama, Mamucabas/Ilhetas e Una. Estuários tipo ria são os de Itapessoca e Canal de Santa Cruz, enquanto os de laguna costeira são o Ipojuca e o Capibaribe. Palavras-chave: Estuários, Zona Costeira Pernambucana, Quaternário    Geomorphologic Classification of Estuaries of the State of Pernambuco (Brazil) Based on Landsat 5 TM Images ABSTRACT  This study aimed to classify the fifteen estuaries of the State of Pernambuco-Brazil, using as base the geomorphological characteristics. The database used for the classification were satellite images of Landsat-5 TM. Were performed visual analysis of satellite images and were later made field work to validate the interpretations made. In the coastal zone of Pernambuco are found three classifications of estuaries: coastal plain (the flood plain), formed by bars and other processes. The space-time interactions of environmental processes during the Quaternary were of fundamental importance to the current configuration of estuarine areas classified in order to tectonics, erosion and sedimentation of the applicant marine transgressions and regressions were recursive processes during the formation of estuaries and left records in the landscape. Were defined as the coastal plain estuaries of Goiana/Megaó, Jaguaribe, Paratibe, Olinda, Sirinhaém and Formoso. Type built by bar has the Timbó, Beberibe, Jaboatão/Pirapama, Mamucaba/Ilhetas and Una. Estuaries are the kind of laughed Itapessoca and Channel and Santa Cruz, while the coastal lagoon and are Ipojuca and Capibaribe.  Key-words: Estuary, coastal Pernambuco, quaternary


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1674-1697
Author(s):  
O.P. Smirnova ◽  
A.O. Ponomareva

Subject. The article focuses on contemporary trends in the industrial and socio-economic development of Russia during the technological transformation of its sectors. Objectives. The study is an attempt to analyze what opportunities and difficulties may arise for the development of the industrial sectors in Russia. We also examine the dynamics of key development indicators of the industrial sectors, point out inhibitors of their competitiveness. Methods. The methodological framework comprises general methods of systems, structural-functional and comprehensive approaches to analyzing economic phenomena. We applied graphic, economic-statistical methods of research, conventional methods of grouping, comparison and generalization, and the logic, systems and statistical analysis. Results. We display how industrial sectors develop over time by type of economic activities. The article provides the rationale for structural rearrangements and further innovation-driven development of the industries. We display that the Russian industries technologically depend om imported production technologies. We substantiate the renewal of assets and technologies at industrial enterprises, and retain and develop human capital. Conclusions and Relevance. Primarily, the Russian economy should be digitalized as a source of the long-term economic growth. Notably, industrial enterprises should replace their linear production method with that of the circular economy and implement resource-saving innovative technologies. The State evidently acts as the leading driver of technological retrofitting of the industrial sector. If the State holds the reasonable and appropriate industrial policy at the federal and regional levels and configure its tools to ensure the modern approach to developing the industries in a competitive fashion, the industrial complex will successfully transform into the innovative economy.


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