GAMBARAN EDUKASI PERAWAT TENTANG EKSTRAVASASI KEMOTERAPI PADA PASIEN KANKER PAYUDARA DI RUANG ELISABETH 2 RS PANTI RAPIH YOGYAKARTA 2019

Latar belakang : Efek kemoterapi diantaranya adalah ekstravasasi, yaitu obat sitotoksik terinfiltrasi ke jaringan subdermal yang menyebabkan edema sampai dengan terjadinya nekrosis. Terdapat dua kejadian ekstravasasi kemoterapi di ruang Elisabeth 2. Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran edukasi ekstravasasi kemoterapi pada pasien kanker payudara menjalani kemoterapi di ruang Elisabeth 2 Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta tahun 2019. Metode : Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, sampel penelitian sebanyak enam perawat, menggunakan tehnik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi pada 5 pasien, dan trianggulasi pada 2 sumber. Analisa menggunakan transkriping, koding dan kategorisasi. Hasil : Sebanyak 6 perawat dalam persipan kemoterapi melakukan persiapan alat, pasien, lingkungan sesuai dengan prosedur, 6 perawat memberikan edukasi ekstravasasi tentang tanda dan gejala, semua perawat belum memberikan pengertian dan penanganan ekstravasasi, pasien belum mengerti tentang ekstravasasi. Kesimpulan: Perawat dalam memberikan edukasi ekstravasasi kemoterapi belum secara menyeluruh, edukasi yang diberikan berisi tentang tanda dan gejala ekstravasasi, pengertian dan penanganan belum dijelaskan. Saran : Pembuatan SPO edukasi ekstravasasi kemoterapi, media edukasi menggunakan leaflet. Kata kunci : kanker – kemoterapi – ekstravasasi – edukasi ABSTRACT Background: The effects of chemotherapy include extravasation, which means cytotoxic drugs infiltrated into subdermal tissue which cause edema until necrosis occurs. There were two cases of extravasation of chemotherapy in Elisabeth Ward 2. Objective: To find out about the description of nurse education of extravasation of chemotherapy in patient with breast cancer and chemotherapy in Elisabeth Ward 2 at Panti Rapih Hospital Yogyakarta in 2019. Method: Qualitative research with phenomenology approach, six sample nurses, using purposive sampling technique. Data collection used semi-structured interviews, observations on 5 patients, and questionnaire sources. Analysis used translation, coding and categorization. Result: At a total of 6 nurses have prepared the equipment patient, environmental setting according to procedures. Six nurses have educated the patients regarding extravasation about sign and symptoms. All of the nurses have not given any educations related to definition of extravasation and how to handle it. Patients have not understood what extravasation is. Conclusion: Nurses have not given comprehensive extravasation chemotherapy education. It is only about sign and symptoms of extravasation. They have not explained about the definition and how to handle it. Suggestions: Making education extravasation of chemotherapy based on SOP, education media use a leaflet. Keywords: Cancer – Chemotherapy – Extravasations – Education

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DINAMIKA PSIKOLOGIS PADA MANTAN PECANDU NAPZA YANG SEDANG MENJALANI PROGRAM SUBSTITUSI ORAL METADON (STUDI KASUS)

PSYCHOPEDIA : Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang ◽

10.36805/psikologi.v3i2.711 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Wina Lova Riza

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Drug Addicts ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Probability Sampling ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Case Study Analysis ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Depth Interview ◽

Psychological Dynamics ◽

Depth Interviews

This study aims to determine the psychological dynamics of former drug addicts, starting from drug abuse until they become addicted, deciding to stop using them. This study uses a qualitative approach, the subject or informant is determined using a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling type based on predetermined criteria, which involves one informant, namely a male (F) aged 42 years. Data collection methods used in this study are in-depth interviews (in depth interviews), where researchers will interview informants with semi-structured interviews. In addition, researchers also used observation and psychological tests, which are graphic tests in the form of DAM (Draw a Man) and BAUM (tree drawing) tests, and intelligence tests using WAIS. The data analysis technique used is case study analysis of case / incident patterns. Based on the results of research F became a drug addict because of the learning process, where the enjoyment and lack of parental supervision is a reinforcement to continue using drugs. Generalization of people, places, pleasure makes it difficult for F to stop using drugs. Keywords: Psychological Dynamics, Drug Addicts. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika psikologis mantan pecandu napza, dimulai dari awal menyalahgunan napza hingga menjadi kecanduan, memutuskan untuk berhenti memakai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, Subjek atau informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan tehnik sampling non-probability sampling dengan tipe purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan, yaitu melibatkan satu informan, yaitu laki-laki (F) yang berusia 42 tahun. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan wawancara secara mendalam (in depth interview), dimana peneliti akan menwawancarai informan dengan wawancara semi terstruktur. Selain itu peneliti juga menggunakan observasi serta menggunakan tes-tes psikologi, yaitu tes grafis berupa tes DAM (Draw a Man) dan BAUM (tes menggambar pohon), serta tes inteligensi dengan menggunakan WAIS. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan analisis studi kasus pola kasus/kejadian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian F menjadi pecandu narkoba karena adanya proses belajar, dimana kenikmatan dan kurangnya pengawasan orang tua merupakan reinforcement untuk terus menggunakan napza. Adanya generalisasi terhadap people, place, pleasure menyebabkan F sulit untuk berhenti menggunakan napza. Kata Kunci: Dinamika Psikologis, Mantan Pengguna Napza

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Economic Contributions and Challenges of Immigrant Entrepreneurs to Their Host Country – Case of African Immigrants in Auckland, New Zealand

Journal of Business Administration Research ◽

10.5430/jbar.v6n1p25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Olufemi Muibi Omisakin

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Small Business ◽

Host Country ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Business Owners ◽

Small Business Owners ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽

Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽

Definition Of

Entrepreneurship is an important concept in both developing and developed societies today. Although there is no consensus on the definition of entrepreneurship, it is believed to be a process of creating value by bringing together a unique package of resources to exploit entrepreneurship opportunities (Morris, 2002). This study aims to discover the economic contributions and challenges of immigrant entrepreneurs to their host country, and focuses on African small business owners in Auckland, New Zealand. Literature on immigrant entrepreneurship was reviewed, resulting in a discussion of the economic contributions of immigrant entrepreneurship as well as its challenges. Data was collected using face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, observation and field notes as the sources of inquiry. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 17 participants. All participants were African immigrant small business owners running businesses in Auckland. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected (Braun & Clarke, 2006).

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Menakar Pengaruh Modernisasi Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik Di Kota Kediri

Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara ◽

10.15575/jpan.v12i2.10308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 112-121

Author(s):

Heylen Amildha Yanuarita ◽

Djoko Susanto

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Public Service ◽

Research Method ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

This research was conducted to analyze how modernization affects the implementation of public service administration policies, especially in Kediri, East Java. As is well known, from time to time various aspects of life are required to undergo changes to a more modern direction. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. Descriptive qualitative research is aimed at obtaining an overview of how modernization affects public service administration policies in Kediri. To obtain the necessary data, the authors used a purposive sampling technique so that the sample taken was more focused, assisted by a review of several related previous studies. The results showed that modernization, especially in the field of technology, was sufficient to influence public service administration policies in Kediri.

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ANALISIS TEMATIK SEBAGAI METODE ANALISA JOB INSECURITY PADA KARYAWAN MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN DI MASA COVID-19

PSYCHOPEDIA : Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang ◽

10.36805/psychopedia.v6i1.1465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 29-37

Author(s):

Olivia Margareth Simamora ◽

Anissa Lestari Kadiyono

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Aviation Industry ◽

Research Approach ◽

Main Task ◽

Organizational System ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Industrial Sectors

The Covid-19 pandemic has weakened several industrial sectors, including the aviation industry. This uncertain situation, pressing conditions and changing work environment puts pressure on the existence of airlines and anxiety for its human resources. This research wants to describe how the job insecurity phenomenon is among airline employees. The study was conducted using a qualitative research approach using thematic analysis techniques and interviews as an assessment medium and using a purposive sampling technique. Thematic analysis is a data analysis technique used in qualitative research where the researcher collects descriptive data to answer research problems. Once the data is collected, the researcher continues to read the data with the intention of finding patterns, themes, sub-themes, and so on. The results of the research found that the Covid-19 pandemic directly contributed to changes in the organizational system which then made airlines implement rules such as changing work schedules, cutting wages, making adjustment to employee duties and functions, and laying off employees. Furthermore, this change in the organizational system has several impacts, such as a decrease in work productivity, employees doing things outside their main task, dissatisfaction at work, financial problems, and a tendency to turnover. The results of this study describe the dimensions of job insecurity, antecedent factors, and consequent factors. Keyword: Airlines, Covid-19, Job Insecurity, Thematic Analysis Pandemi Covid-19 telah melemahkan beberapa sektor industri, termasuk dalam industri penerbangan. Situasi yang tidak pasti, kondisi yang menekan dan lingkungan kerja yang berubah ini memberikan tekanan terhadap eksistensi maskapai penerbangan dan kecemasan pada para SDM-nya. Penelitian ini ingin menggambarkan bagaimana fenomena job insecurity pada karyawan maskapai penerbangan. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis tematik dan wawancara sebagai media assesment serta menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis tematik adalah teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian kualitatif dimana peneliti mengumpulkan data deskriptif untuk menjawab permasalahan penelitiannya. Begitu data dikumpulkan, peneliti akan terus-menerus membaca data dengan maksud menemukan pola, tema, sub tema, dan sebagainya. Hasil penelitian yang ditemukan adalah pandemi Covid-19 secara langsung menjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya perubahan sistem organisasi yang kemudian membuat maskapai penerbangan menerapkan aturan seperti perubahan jadwal kerja, pemotongan gaji, melakukan penyesuaian terhadap tugas dan fungsi karyawan, hingga melakukan PHK. Selanjutnya perubahan sistem organisasi ini menimbulkan beberapa dampak seperti penurunan produktivitas kerja, karyawan mengerjakan hal di luar tugas utama, ketidakpuasan dalam bekerja, masalah finansial, dan kecenderungan untuk turnover. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan dimensi job insecurity, faktor anteseden dan faktor konsekuen. Kata Kunci: Analisis Tematik, Covid-19, Job Insecurity, Maskapai Penerbangan

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PERILAKU BERAGAMA DAN ETOS KERJA MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI KELURAHAN PENGGOLI KECAMATAN WARA UTARA KOTA PALOPO

PALITA Journal of Social - Religion Research ◽

10.24256/pal.v1i1.13 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Hamdani Thaha ◽

Muhammad Ilyas

Keyword(s):

Work Ethic ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Coastal Communities ◽

Religious Behavior ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Religious Traditions ◽

Religious Rituals ◽

Religious Attitude ◽

Work Ethos

This study discussed the religious attitude and work ethos of coastal communities in the Penggoli (studies on the clumps of Lawatu). The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of religious behavior and its relationship with work ethic of Lawatu societies. The data were collected through observation, documentation, and structured-interviews. The interviews were conducted in semi-structures by selecting the informant utilizing a purposive sampling technique. The findings showed that: 1) Lawatu societies who live in Penggoli are devout religious believers, but they also still maintain ancestors’ cultures transformed into religious rituals. Many rituals that have become religious traditions are still often conducted by Lawatu societies, for examples: Mabbaca-baca, Massio-sio, and Mammaulu. 2) They have lives principles in running their activities, especially in civic lives and subsistences. The principles are in the forms of Mabbulo Sibatang, Pakkareso, Mapanre Lima, Sipakatongeng.

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KATA TANYA (ISTIFHÂM) DALAM AL-QUR’AN JUZ 20 (ANALISIS SEMANTIK)

Lisanul Arab: Journal of Arabic Learning and Teaching ◽

10.15294/la.v10i1.48178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22

Author(s):

Ni’matul Lisana ◽

Hasan Busri ◽

Retno Purnama Irawati

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Primary Data Source ◽

Library Research ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Data Source

The Qur'an, apart from being a basic guideline in religion, has long been a primary data source in various studies and studies because of the richness of scientific concepts contained in it. Istifhâm as one of the various sentences used as a medium of interaction in the Al-Qur'an. In this study, the researcher discusses the istifhâm in the 20th Al-Qur'an juz. This research is a qualitative research with a research library research design. The purpose of this study was to describe the types and functions of the interrogative words (istifhâm) contained in Al-Qur'an juz 20. The data was collected using purposive sampling technique. The research instruments were data cards and recapitulation sheets. The data analysis technique used the content analysis method. The results of this study indicate that the researchers found 32 data in the form of adawatul istifhâm, including hamzah, man, hal, maa, aina, kaifa, maadzaa, am, and ayyana consisting of 26 istifhâm majazi and 8 istifhâm haqiqi data which are divided into 9 functions and istifhâm goals. Al Qur’an selain sebagai pedoman pokok dalam beragama sejak dahulu telah menjadi sumber data primer dalam berbagai penelitian dan studi karena kekayaan konsep keilmuan yang ada di dalamnya. Istifhâm sebagai salah satu ragam kalimat yang digunakan sebagai media interaksi dalam Al-Qur’an. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti membahas istifhâm pada Al-Qur’an juz ke 20. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian library research. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis dan fungsi kata tanya (istifhâm) yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an juz 20. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik sampling pertimbangan (purposive sampling). Instrumen penelitian berupa kartu data dan lembar rekapitulasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peneliti menemukan 32 data yang berupa adawatul istifhâm antara lain hamzah, man, hal, maa, aina, kaifa, maadzaa, am, dan ayyana yang terdiri atas 26 istifhâm majazi dan 8 data istifhâm haqiqi yang dibedakan menjadi 9 fungsi dan tujuan istifhâm.

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VISUALISASI SETTING SEBAGAI PENUNJUK WAKTU DALAM FILM AACH AKU JATUH CINTA

Capture Jurnal Seni Media Rekam ◽

10.33153/capture.v9i2.2090 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Rio Putra Sagita ◽

NRA. Candra DA

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Data Reduction ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Data Presentation ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Selection Of ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

ABSTRACTThis study examines the film “Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta” (Aach...I Fall in Love). This study aims to find out the visualization of the setting as a timepiece in the film “Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta” through the size of the image. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. The selection of samples in this study was carried out by purposive sampling technique. Data collection is done by observation and interviews, while data analysis is done through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions and verification. Research focuses on setting as a timepiece visualized in the film “Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta” through the size of the image. The results of the research of “Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta” show the time settings are divided into three sequences, the settings that appeared in 1970, 1980 and 1990.Keywords : visualization, setting, movie, and "Aach...Aku Jatuh Cinta".<h1> </h1>ABSTRAKStudi ini mengkaji film Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui visualisasi setting sebagai penunjuk waktu dalam film Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta melalui ukuran gambar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Pemilihan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara, sedangkan untuk analisis data melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Penelitian fokus pada setting sebagai penunjuk waktu yang divisualisasikan dalam film Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta melalui ukuran gambar. Hasil penelitian film Aach…Aku Jatuh Cinta menunjukkan setting waktu dibagi dalam tiga sekuen, setting yang muncul pada tahun 1970, 1980 dan 1990-an.kata kunci : visualisasi, setting, film, dan Aach...Aku Jatuh Cinta.<h1> </h1>

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KEPUASAN USER (INSTITUSI PENGGUNA) TERHADAP MUTU LULUSAN POLTEKKES KEMENKES BENGKULU

JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN ◽

10.33088/jmk.v5i1.176 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-32

Author(s):

Hermansyah Hermansyah

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Research Data ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The Subject ◽

Unit Analysis

The purpose of this study is known the picture of user satisfaction (user institution) for the quality of Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu graduates. This is the kind exploratory and descritive research that are qualitative and quantitative. Unit analysis of research data is user institution where Poltekkes kemenkes Bengkulu graduates working. While the subject of study is the leadher-ship of the institution / head room in which graduate work and their partner work at the institute. Subjects in this study set by purposive sampling technique followed by a snow ball sampling tech-nique. Data was collected through structured interviews and filling out the questionnaire guidelines. Interviews were conducted to the leadership of institutions and co-workers. Data from Pol-tekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu graduates conducted using a questionnaire. The analysis showed that more than half (63.6%), users opinion said that the quality of graduates were good, the majority (72.7%) chairman and co-workers are satisfied with the performance of Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu graduates, and 23.4% of graduates find a job < 3 months after graduation and 23.4% of graduates find job after waiting 3-6 months. Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkulu should prepare the studends to have a competitive advantage began the process of selection and education to produce qualifiedgraduates.

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Etika komunikasi Islam mahasiswa organisasi PMII (Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia) dalam menangkal berita hoaks di Facebook

Islamic Communication Journal ◽

10.21580/icj.2020.5.2.6100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Ila Khafia Wafda

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Social Media ◽

Research Methods ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Student Organizations ◽

Qualitative Research Methods ◽

Communication Ethics ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Depth Interview

This study aims to see how Islamic communication ethics is in an effort to ward off hoax news on Facebook that hit students of the PMII. The reason is, the existence of hoax reporting on Facebook contradicts the vision of the PMII organization which is committed to being a forum for strengthening aqidah, morals, and creating a society like the Ummah. The research used qualitative research methods through in-depth interview approaches and observations of active students in the PMII organization uses a sampling technique based on purposive sampling technique. The results showed that students instilled communication ethics according to Islamic law in using Facebook social media, so steps need to be taken to communicate in accordance with Islamic teachings to avoid the rampant hoax news on Facebook to promote morals according to Islamic law refer to the example of the Prophet, p.b.u.h. That it is important for PMII student organizations to promote morals in accordance with Islamic law, and also apply communication ethics in accordance with Islamic law by promoting the principles of Islamic communication, namely: qawlan sadidan, qawlan balighan, qawlan maysura, qawlan layyina, qawlan karima, qawlan ma'rufa. So it is necessary to understand and apply Islamic communication ethics by students of the PMII organization so that it becomes the basis for accessing Facebook.

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The Analysis of Students’ Error in Operation Reseach Test for Linear Program Topic Based on Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA)

Edumatika Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Matematika ◽

10.32939/ejrpm.v3i2.591 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Mesi Oktafia ◽

Aan Putra ◽

Mhmd Habibi

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Error Analysis ◽

Operation Research ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Reading Errors ◽

Research Problems ◽

Research Findings ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

Types Of Error

Abstract. This study aims to analyze the types of error and its factors that cause students’ error in solving operation research problems in the program linear topic based on Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA). This research is qualitative research by using a descriptive approach. The subjects in this study are fourth-grade college students in the Mathematics Education Program at State Islamic Institute of Kerinci that chosen by purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using a test and interview. The data analysis was done descriptively. Based on the research findings, the types of students error in solving operation research problems were reading errors, comprehension errors, transformation errors, process skill errors, and encoding errors. The factors that cause the students' error were the students can not interpret, understand and understand the meaning of the questions overall; can not determine the formula to solve the problems; can not carry out the algorithm of arithmetic operations. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis kesalahan dan faktor yang menyebabkan kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal riset operasi pada materi program linier berdasarkan Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa semester IV program studi Tadris Matematika IAIN Kerinci tahun akademik 2018/2019 yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dan wawancara dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian diketahui bahwa jenis kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaiakan soal riset operasi materi program linier berdasarkan Newman’s Error Analysis adalah kesalahan dalam membaca soal, kesalahan dalam memahami masalah, kesalahan dalam transformasi, kesalahan dalam keterampilan proses, dan kesalahan dalam penulisan jawaban akhir. Faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan tersebut meliputi: mahasiswa tidak bisa memaknai, mengerti dan memahami makna keseluruhan dari soal yang berikan; tidak bisa menentukan rumus yang digunakan; dan tidak bisa menajalankan tahapan-tahapan operasi hitung yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan soal.

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