scholarly journals Phenotypic (Fruit and Seed Characters) Selection of Dacryodes edulis (Don. G. Lam H. J.) Tree for Vegetative Propagation

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
H.O. Okonkwo ◽  
R.E. Ubaekwe ◽  
A.N. Okeke ◽  
L.C. Malizu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
Rivers State

The study was conducted to identify superior D. edulis trees using phenotypic characters (fruit and seed size) as the criteria to select candidate trees for subsequent multiplication through vegetative propagation. Five D. edulis compound trees were randomly selected within Onne community in Eleme LGA Rivers state in a preliminary effort to assist households in the selection and multiplication of desirable tree phenotypes. Seeds were extracted by softening fruit with warm water at 57oC. Fruit and seed length (mm), breadth (mm), and thickness (mm) were taken using veneer caliper. Size of fruit and seed was calculated as: length × breadth × thickness. The experiment was a completely randomized design in its layout and data analysis was carried out using analysis of variance and regression after a normality test was conducted using Shapiro-Wilk. The results showed that highest mean fruit size (79.38 ± 3.99 mm) was recorded in tree 3 and the lowest was tree 5 (29.60 ± 1.48 mm): while, highest seed size (34.78 ± 2.47 mm) was recorded in tree 3 and the lowest in tree 4 (15.58 ± 0.99 mm). Highest within tree fruit size variability was recorded in tree 1 (24%) and the lowest in tree 4 (12%): while the highest within tree seed size variability was recorded in tree 2 (28%) and the lowest in tree 5 (15%). There was however a significant difference in fruit and seed size between the trees. Pairwise comparison showed that tree 1 was not significantly different from tree 2 in fruit and seed size. There was a significant positive correlation between fruit and seed size among the trees. This implies that selection for large fruit size automatically selects for large seeds size. Large fruited trees can therefore be multiplied from these trees using vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals Back to Basics: Does Seed Size Affect Germination and Plant Uniformity in Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea var Italica)?

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Celia van Sprang ◽  
Gayathri Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Uniformity ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
The Impact

Hand harvested crops, such as brassicas and lettuce, are prone to high levels of variability during growth and at harvest. This necessitates multiple harvest passes and substantially increased labour costs for the grower. Both biotic and abiotic factors contribute to this lack of field uniformity. The main objective was to evaluate the impact of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) seed size variability on germination, subsequent crop growth and harvest uniformity. An initial experiment was conducted where germination counts across three seed-size categories including, 2.0mm (SS1), 2.3 mm (SS2) and 2.45 mm (SS3), were recorded at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after sowing (DAS). At 14 DAS, germination was greater in the SS1 (95%) and SS2 (91%) than the SS3 (66%) (P < 0.005). A second experiment evaluated the same seed categories planted under direct seeded (DS) and transplanted (TR) conditions to identify differences in crop growth and development. At 49 DAS, DS plant counts per plot were lowest for the SS3 (54.5 plants plot−1) compared with the SS1 (70.5 plants plot−1) and SS2 (64 plants plot−1). This could be attributed to the reduced seed coat thickness evident in the SS3 (66.3 μm) which can potentially lead to increased damage and mortality of the seed, compared with the SS1 (79.3 μm) and SS2 (73.1 μm). The TR treatment gave greater uniformity with no significant difference (P < 0.05) in plant populations across seed size categories (SS1 = 95, SS2 = 90 and SS3 = 96 plants plot−1).

scholarly journals Organoleptic testing of coconut midrib ash and alcohol as preservatives of insect specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Hasan Maulana ◽  
Yossa Istiadi ◽  
Dolly Priatna
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Test Frequency ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Color Blind

This study uses a Completely Randomized Design experimental method (CRD) consisting of three treatments with a range of 5 days, 10 days and 15 days, with each treatment uses three insect specimens. The treatments in this study were; P1 (200 mg ash + 200 ml distilled water), P2 (70% alcohol), and P0 (control). To observe the changes in texture, aroma and color in the inspect specimens, 50 panelists were engaged, who were aged between 17-30 years, that were not color blind and/or reporting any ill health at the time of sampling. Panelists observed the specimens for texture, aroma and color.  Resulting data was analyzed using t test, frequency tabulation, histogram data and normality test. The texture testing treatments yielded tcount = 0.02521 (p 0.05) showing no significance between the coconut midrib ash and alcohol preserved samples, with the Ho accepted, so there is no difference in the texture of insect specimens preserved in either coconut midrib ash or alcohol. The aroma test resulted in tcount = 0.00908 (p 0.05) showing again there was no significant difference between insect specimens preserved in coconut midrib ash and alcohol. Thus, the Ho can be accepted, with no difference in the aroma of insect specimens preserved in coconut midrib ash or with alcohol. The color test resulted in a tcount = 0.05635 (p 0.05), giving a insignificant result between insect specimens preserved in coconut midrib ash or alcohol. Thus, the Ho can be accepted, and there is no difference in color of insect specimens preserved with coconut midrib ash or those preserved with alcohol. From the overall results and analysis, we can conclude there is no difference in the quality insect specimens preserved either by coconut midrib ash and alcohol for a maximum 15 days. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dengan kisaran lama waktu 5 hari, 10 hari, dan 15 hari. Setiap satuan percobaan menggunakan tiga spesimen serangga, perlakuan dalam penelitian ini meliputi P1(200 mg abu + 200 ml aquades), P2 (alkohol 70%), dan P0(kontrol). Parameter yang diamati mengenai tekstur, aroma dan warna. Untuk mengamati perubahan tekstur, aroma dan warna yang terjadi, dilakukan oleh 50 orang panelis yang berusia antara 17-30 tahun dengan kriteria tidak buta warna dan tidak sedang dalam keadaan sakit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t, tabulasi frekuensi, data histogram dan uji normalitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengujian tekstur  menghasilkan nilai thitung  = 0,02521 (p 0,05), diperoleh hasil yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara perlakuan dengan abu pelepah kelapa dan alkohol terhadap tekstur spesimen serangga. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan tekstur spesimen serangga yang diawetkan dengan abu pelepah kelapa dengan yang diawetkan dengan alkohol.  Pengujian aroma menghasilkan nilai thitung= 0,00908 (p 0,05), diperoleh hasil tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara perlakuan dengan abu pelepah kelapa dan perlakuan dengan alkohol. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan warna spesimen serangga antara yang diawetkan dengan abu pelepah kelapa dengan yang diawetkan dengan alkohol. Dari hasil pengamatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kualitas antara specimen serangga yang diawetkan dengan abu pelepah kelapa dengan yang diawertkan dengan alcohol dalam waktu maksimum 15 hari.

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Size on the Germination and Early Growth of African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. I. Amonum ◽  
F. Sumaduniya ◽  
T. O. Amusa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Viable Seeds

The effects of seed size on the germination and early growth of A. digitata were assessed. Seeds were sourced locally within the University of Ilorin Campus. One hundred viable seeds were selected from each of the size classes. The seed weight, length, breadth, and width were measured for all the selected seeds. Mean weight, length, breadth, and thickness were: 0.62 g, 9.16 mm, 7.45 mm, and 5.85 mm, respectively for small seeds. 0.41 g, 9.54 mm, 7.68 mm, and 6.03 mm, respectively for medium seeds; and 0.44 g, 9.92 mm, 7.89 mm, and 6.21 mm, respectively for large seeds. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). Seed dormancy was broken through the acid scarification method by soaking in H2SO4 at 70% concentration for 20 minutes with constant stirring. Variables of interest include: leaves number, seedlings height, collar diameter and leaf area. Based on the results of this finding, medium and large seeds germinated in 7 days after sowing while small seeds germinated in 10 days after sowing. Large seeds had the highest germination percentage (55%), followed by medium seeds with 27%. The small seeds were the least in terms of germination rate (21%). There was no significant difference in mean seedling heights, collar diameters and number of leaves among the seed size classes (P˃0.05). Mean leaf area significantly differed among the three size classes (P˂0.05). The result showed that large seeds gave best germination at a shorter period than the medium and small seed sizes. Thus, large seeds of A. digitata are recommended in propagation activities involving the species.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pencampuran Media Tanam Serta Beda Ukuran Benih Terhadap Pertumbuhan Biji Kamboja Jepang (Adenium crimsonstar)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Kukuh Dwi Styawan ◽  
Rustam Baraq Noor ◽  
Abdul Rofik
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Media Interaction ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Grain Size

As well as the growing influence of media mixing different grain size of the seed to growth frangipani Japan (Adenium crimsonstar). This study aims to determine the effect of mixing different media as well as the planting of seed size on seed growth frangipani Japan (Adenium crimsonstar). The study was conducted in April through July 2010, in the district of Ulu Loa Janan, Kutai regency. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 x 3 factorial analysis consisted of four replications. The first factor is the growing media 4 levels: m0: sand medium (control), m1: sand + fine brick (3: 1), m2: sand, ground roasted (3: 1), m3: finely + sand + bricks ground fuel (2 : 1: 1). The second factor is the size of the seed 3 levels: b1: weight 0,02gram / 0.9 to 1.0 cm long seed / seed, b2: 0,01gram / 0.5-0.7 cm long beans / seeds, b3: weight of 0,008 gram / seed length from 0.3 to 0.4 cm / seed. The results showed that treatment Growing Media significant effect on all parameters of the study. Treatment m2 (sand + soil fuel) showed the highest plant height is 5.44 cm, while the treatments m1 (fine brick sand +) showed the smallest plant height is 3.07 cm, the results showed that the different treatment of seed size did not significantly affect all parameter studies. Media interaction and different planting seed size showed no significant difference in all parameters of the study.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Rahim Mohammadian ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽  
Peyvand Samimifar
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals PSIII-5 Effects of ingredient composition of oral drenches in small piglets post-farrowing on average daily gain and pre-wean mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
Olivia Harrison ◽  
Samantha Tauer ◽  
Brent Frederick
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Bioactive Proteins ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Number of pigs born alive has been a key factor of the increasing efficiency of the U.S. swine industry. However, with increased pigs in the uterus, birth weight has been negatively impacted, with more small or at-risk pigs being born per litter. In order to overcome these changes, a study testing three commercial oral drenches against a control to determine which would increase average daily gain and decrease preweaning mortality. In a completely randomized design, 877 one-day-old suckling pigs from a high-health farm were selected for the experiment if they appeared to be in the bottom 20% of bodyweight compared to their contemporaries. Selected pigs were given one of four drenching treatments: 1) none (control), 2) bioactive proteins (BP), 3) high energy sugars (HES), and 4) immunoglobulins (IgY). Pigs were weighed on d 1 and d 19 of age (weaning), with mortality tracked during the suckling period. Data were analyzed using SAS v 9.4 (Cary, NC), with pig as the experimental unit and an accepted alpha of 0.05. Treatment had no detected effect on birth weight, weaning weight, ADG, or mortality (P = 0.79, 0.96, 0.86, 0.38 respectively). Likewise, statistical contrasts were used to determine there was no detected impact (P &gt; 0.10) of drench, regardless of type, compared to the control in any measured response criteria. Interesting, pigs drenched with BP or IgY had numerically lower preweaning mortality (11.2 and 11.5% respectively), than those administered the control or HES (15.4 and 15.2%, respectively). In conclusion, this experiment showed no significant difference in the performance between piglets given no product vs. those drenched with bioactive proteins, high energy sugars, or immunoglobulins. However, additional research is warranted with greater replication or disease stressors to better understand if oral drenches may improve preweaning performance or mortality in different situations.

scholarly journals Analysing Touchscreen Gestures: A Study Based on Individuals with Down Syndrome Centred on Design for All

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Jorge Martin-Gutierrez ◽  
Marta Sylvia Del Rio Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Touch Gestures ◽  
Design For All ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collateral Effect ◽  
Completion Times

There has been a conscious shift towards developing increasingly inclusive applications. However, despite this fact, most research has focused on supporting those with visual or hearing impairments and less attention has been paid to cognitive impairments. The purpose of this study is to analyse touch gestures used for touchscreens and identify which gestures are suitable for individuals living with Down syndrome (DS) or other forms of physical or cognitive impairments. With this information, app developers can satisfy Design for All (DfA) requirements by selecting adequate gestures from existing lists of gesture sets. Twenty touch gestures were defined for this study and a sample group containing eighteen individuals with Down syndrome was used. A tool was developed to measure the performance of touch gestures and participants were asked to perform simple tasks that involved the repeated use of these twenty gestures. Three variables are analysed to establish whether they influence the success rates or completion times of gestures, as they could have a collateral effect on the skill with which gestures are performed. These variables are Gender, Type of Down syndrome, and Socioeconomic Status. Analysis reveals that significant difference is present when a pairwise comparison is performed, meaning individuals with DS cannot perform all gestures with the same ease. The variables Gender and Socioeconomic Status do not influence success rates or completion times, but Type of DS does.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Devices for Assessing Tissue Oxygenation with a Vascular Occlusion Test in Healthy Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
Jaeyeon Chung ◽  
Sang-Hwan Ji ◽  
Young-Eun Jang ◽  
Eun-Hee Kim ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Vascular Occlusion Test ◽  
Occlusion Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Near-infrared spectroscopy devices can measure peripheral tissue oxygen saturation (StO<sub>2</sub>). This study aims to compare StO<sub>2</sub> using INVOS® and different O3™ settings (O3<sup>25:75</sup> and O3<sup>30:70</sup>). Twenty adults were recruited. INVOS® and O3™ probes were placed simultaneously on 1 side of forearm. After baseline measurement, the vascular occlusion test was initiated. The baseline value, rate of deoxygenation and reoxygenation, minimum and peak StO<sub>2</sub>, and time from cuff release to peak value were measured. The parameters were compared using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Bonferroni’s correction and Mann-Whitney pairwise comparison were used for post hoc analysis. The agreement between StO<sub>2</sub> of devices was evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. INVOS® baseline value was higher (79.7 ± 6.4%) than that of O3<sup>25:75</sup> and O3<sup>30:70</sup> (62.4 ± 6.0% and 63.7 ± 5.5%, respectively, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The deoxygenation rate was higher with INVOS® (10.6 ± 2.1%/min) than with O3<sup>25:75</sup> and O3<sup>30:70</sup> (8.4 ± 2.2%/min, <i>p</i> = 0.006 and 7.5 ± 2.1%/min, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The minimum and peak StO<sub>2</sub> were higher with INVOS®. No significant difference in the reoxygenation rate was found between the devices and settings. The time to reach peak after cuff deflation was faster with INVOS® (both <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Other parameters were similar. There were no differences between the different O3™ settings. There were differences in StO<sub>2</sub> measurements between the devices, and these devices should not be interchanged. Differences were not observed between O3™ device settings.

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