scholarly journals THE STUDY OF PATHOGENIC PROPERTIES OF ENTEROCOCCI ISOLATED FROM THE CARPATHIAN CHEESE

Author(s):  
I. I. Kushnir

The article present the results of the studies pathogenic properties of enterococci isolated from the Carpathian brynza. Due to the high enzymatic activity enterococci give food unique taste properties. However, scientists have an ambiguous attitude to them, primarily due to the acquisition of resistance to antimicrobials by these microorganisms, and the ability of certain species to cause various diseases in humans and animals. In the determining of infectivity was found that the intra-gastric administration of live enterococci at a dose of 108 CFU per animal, and in the study of toxicity - inactivated microorganisms, white mice remained alive. During the 14-day of observation period, the laboratory animals were active, had a satisfactory appetite, and maintained reflex excitability for sound and light stimulus. Therefore, the studied strains of enterococci E. durans SB6, E. faecium SB 12, E. durans SB18, E. durans SB20 are not infectious and non-toxic, as they did not cause any clinical symptoms and abnormalities in the overall condition of white mice. The tested strains of enterococci don’t have enzymes which are related to the factors of pathogenicity, in particular, they did not have the catalase activity, which have pathogenic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, did not produce lecithinase, which causes the de-polymerization of cell membranes of the microorganisms. In addition, the tested microorganisms did not produce plasma-coagulase and fibrinolysin that indicate on the apatogenic properties of the studied microorganisms. The tested strains of enterococci did not cause an irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the eye. In the determination of acute toxicity, it was found out that intra-gastric administration of the tested strains did not cause signs of acute poisoning, death and diseases of laboratory animals. At the same time, during the 14-day of observation period, no changes in the clinical condition were detected in the animals. In long-term use of enterococci, for 28 days, no changes in the clinical condition of laboratory animals were detected, but observed an increase in body weight of the animals. In particular, on the 28th day of the experiment was noted an increase in body weight of the animals which were administered strains of E. durans SB6, E. faecium SB 12, E. durans SB18, E. durans SB20, respectively, on 7.7, 7.5, 7, 32 and 10.2 %, compared to the values of animals of the control group.

2016 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
G.I. Reznichenko ◽  
◽  
N.Yu. Reznichenko ◽  
V.Yu. Potebnya ◽  
K.I. Kovalenko ◽  
...  

The objective: to determine the efficacy of medicine «Menopace» in treatment of women with natural and surgical menopause. Patients and methods. 20 women (I group) with a natural menopause were examined (basic subgroup consisted of 10 patients who used Menopace for 3 months; control subgroup consisted of 10 patients). 20 women (II group) with surgical menopause were examined (basic subgroup consisted of 10 patients who received Menopace for 3 months; control subgroup consisted of 10 patients). Results. The average score of neurovegetative and emotional manifestations of climacteric syndrome during the observation period decreased in women with natural and surgical menopause who used Menopace, compared with subgroups of patients who had not used the medicine. Conclusions. 1. The use of the medicine Menopace in women with natural menopause after 3 months showed the disappearance of clinical symptoms of climacteric syndrome in 70% of the cases, and significant improvement in general condition in 30% of cases. 2. During surgical menopause after 1 month of treatment with Menopace manifestations of sweating were observed 4.5 times less often than in control group, tides were observed 7 times less often than in control group. Neurovegetative and psychoemotional symptoms of menopause were absent in 80% of women after 3 months of treatment and in 20% of cases significant improvement was shown. 3. The obtained results give grounds to recommend wide use of Menopace in practical work for the treatment of menopausal syndrome during natural and surgical menopause. Key words: menopause, therapy, Menopace.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
RIDWANTI BATUBARA ◽  
SURJANTO SURJANTO ◽  
TAHAN MANGARANAP SIHOMBING ◽  
HERAWATY GINTING

Batubara R, Surjanto, Sihombing TM, Ginting H. 2016. The safety of tea agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) from tree induction throuht test of toxicity subcronic oral 90 days. Biofarmasi 14: 69-76. Subchronic toxicity test is a test to detect the toxic effect that arises after the administration of the test reparation with repeated doses were given orally to the tested animal for 28 or 90 days. Leaves agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) is a tree from a tribe Thymeleaceae, already started popular used the farmer agarwood in Langkat as a drink that in pour. The result of an interview with the farmer agarwood explained that consume tea from the leaves agarwood of this kind of have many benefits include improve canal. To that was done the research security against the tea leaves agarwood induction taken from agriculture agarwood in Langkat, Sumatera North through test toxic subchronic oral. This study aims to determine the symptoms of toxic posed by product tea agarwood induction. This study used laboratory animals that male mice and female mice were divided into 5 groups, namely the 130, 260, 390, 520 mg/kgBW and the control group. The observation of clinical symptoms indicate the presence of toxic symptoms of weakness, changes in fur and agitated at doses of 390 and 520 mg/kgBW in male mice and female mice, the observation macropathology organs alloxan still normal the red-brown, the surface of slippery and consistency chewy. Histopathological results showed hemoglia and dilation of the blood vessels in all groups. Results showed that mice were given tea steeping agarwood induction doses ranging from 130, 260,390 and 520 mg/kgBW there are no mice died, so it can be concluded that the administration of agarwood tea steeping in mice does not cause toxic symptoms and safe for consumption.


Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Hsiang Lai ◽  
Cheng-Hsun Chiu ◽  
Man-Shan Kong ◽  
Chee-Jen Chang ◽  
Chien-Chang Chen

Background: Acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and an economic burden for families. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of probiotics on clinical symptoms, intestinal microbiota, and inflammatory markers during childhood diarrhea. Methods: Children (n = 81) aged six months to six years (mean age 2.31 years) hospitalized for acute diarrhea were randomized to receive probiotics (Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus; n = 42) or no probiotics (n = 39) orally twice daily for seven days. Feces samples were also collected to evaluate microbial content using a traditional agar plate and next-generation sequencing. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin, and calprotectin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared in different groups. Other clinical symptoms or signs, including fever, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloated abdomen, daily intake, appetite, and body weight were also assessed. Results: Data were collected from 81 individuals across three different time points. Total fecal IgA levels in fecal extracts of the probiotics group were higher than those in the control group, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05). Concentrations of fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin were significantly downregulated in patients with probiotic Lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus (Lc) consumption compared to those of the control (p < 0.05). Probiotic Lc administration may be beneficial for gut-microbiota modulation, as shown by the data collected at one week after enrollment. Counts of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species were elevated in stool culture of the probiotic group. Appetite and oral intake, body-weight gain, abdominal pain, bloating, as well as bowel habits (diarrhea) were much better in children receiving probiotics compared with those in the control group. Conclusion: Fecal IgA increased during acute diarrhea under Lc treatment; in contrast, fecal lactoferrin and calprotectin were downregulated during acute diarrhea under Lc treatment. Probiotic Lc may be a useful supplement for application in children during acute diarrhea to reduce clinical severity and intestinal inflammatory reaction.


2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
N. P. Shilkina ◽  
I. E. Yunonin ◽  
S. A. Stolyarova ◽  
A. A. Vinogradov

Objective: to investigate the effect of endothelial dysfunction, catecholamines, and renin on the diurnal blood pressure (BP) profile in patients with systemic sclerosis (SS).Subjects and methods. Twenty-five patients with SS underwent determination of the blood count of desquamated endotheliocytes by the method described by J. Hladovec (1978), the plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), adrenaline, norepinephrine, and renin by enzyme immunoassay. All the patients underwent 24-hour BP monitoring with calculating the time index, daily index, the magnitude and rate of a morning rise in BP, as well as its daily variability.Results and discussion. Hypertension was detected in 8 (32%) patients with SS. All the patients with SS showed signs of endothelial dysfunction, as evidenced by considerable differences in endothelial activation measures compared with the control group: the mean level of ET-1 was 5.8±2.3 and 0.48±0.21 fmol/ml (p<0.05); the number of desquamated endotheliocytes was 4.50 [3.00; 7.00] and 2.10 [1.00; 3.20] • 104/l, respectively (p<0.05). The levels of adrenaline and norepinephrine in SS were significantly higher than those in the control. There were positive correlations between endothelial dysfunction and the degree of an increase in BP. Endothelial dysfunction was found to have a negative impact on the diurnal BP profile in the presence of pathological types of night-peaker and non-dipper. Conclusion. Two mechanisms, such as endothelial dysfunction and sympathoadrenal activation, are responsible for the pathogenesis of clinical symptoms of SS, including hypertension.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khairullah Zahi ◽  
Hazilawati Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Rosly Shaari ◽  
Riyanto Teguh Widodo ◽  
Lucy Johnny ◽  
...  

Lawsonia inermis is one of the most significant plants used in traditional medicine. However, many details of the dermal toxicity of L. inermis remain unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vivo acute and sub-acute dermal toxicity of ethanolic extract of L. inermis leaves. In acute experiment, a total of 20 rats were divided into four groups of five rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into five groups of six rats for the sub-acute experiment. The extract at a single dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight did not produce treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in all rats tested during the 14-day observation period. However, in a repeated dose 28-day study, the application of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of body weight/day of leaves extract revealed no significant change (p > 0.05) in bodyweight, haematological and biochemical parameters compared with the control group. Similarly, gross pathology and histopathology examinations of liver, kidneys, and skin did not reveal any morphological alteration. Overall, the results show that the close application of L. inermis leaves extract did not have any critically dangerous impact on rats. Subsequently, the concentrate may be employed for pharmaceutical plans.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz ◽  
P. M. Gavrilin ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko

Herbicides and food additives are included in many food products for humans. Non-used products or products beyond their expiry date are deposited in places of utilizatioin of solid municipal wastes, where they can take effects on the organisms of mouse-like rodents. Among the herbicides, glyphosphate takes first place in the world for volume of production, and is the most intensely used in agricultural farming. The discussion about negative impact on the organisms of mammals, especially against the background of using various substances and environmental factors, continues. In this study, we determined the combined effect of glyphosphate and food additives on the organism of laboratory animals, which manifested in changes in body weight, condition and indices of mass of the internal organs and blood parameters. Four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which over 42 days received: unlimited access to clean water; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosphate and 1% solution sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosphate with 1% solution of saccharin. Glyphosphate and glyphosphate with sodium benzoate and saccharin significantly reduced the daily increases in body weight of animals compared to the control group. The studied substances have notable suppressive effect on the immune system and haematopoiesis in general, which is manifested in reduce of relative mass of the thymus and spleen against the background of increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The inhibition of haematopoiesis is indicated by decrease in the amount of erythrocytes, neurophils and hemoglobin of blood of animals from the experimental groups. The impact on the digestive system of glyphosphate and food additives is indicated by occurance of the effect of “irritation” of mucous membranes, and, as a result, disorders in absorption followed by the disorder in metabolic processes. A dysbalance occurs in enzymic systems of the organism, which is manifested in distrophic processes, especially in the liver parenchyma, indicated by the activity of blood enzymes (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), total number and ratio of proteins of blood plasma. We determined the impact of glyphosphate and its mixes with benzoate and saccharin on the pancreas, which manifests in severe pancreatitis with steep increase in the level of glucose of blood. The results of the study allow us to state that mixture of glyphosphate and food additives can cause toxic effect in animals and humans, which often contact with herbicides.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
V. B. Dukhnitsky ◽  
I. M. Derkach ◽  
S. S. Derkach ◽  
I. O. Fritsky ◽  
M. O. Plutenko ◽  
...  

During the preclinical studies of new drugs, the study of the degree of manifestation of their irritant and allergenic effects affects subsequent clinical studies, for example the routes of administration, the need to add excipients to reduce irritation. The article presents the results of studies of the irritant effects and allergenic properties of the Iron in rare unconventional valence – IV. The irritant effect of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the skin was studied comprehensively. 20 rabbits were divided into 4 groups (control and three experimental), 5 animals each. The  ointment on the vaseline and aqueous solution of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes was applied to the skin of rabbits of the experimental groups. Also this solution was introduced subcutaneously. The investigated dosage forms were used at a dose of 1 ml/kg body weight (based on the active ingredient 500 mg/kg body weight of the laboratory animal). The results of the studies showed that of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes has no irritant properties when used externally and is characterized by a lack of local reaction by subcutaneous injection. Determination of allergenic properties was performed by detecting itching and swelling in the guinea pigs in animals which were sensitized with this substance. In addition, in order to assess the severity of the inflammatory reaction, the skin temperature was determined before the experiment and on the 20th day of the experiment, and the skin fold thickness was measured using a caliper. The results of the studies showed that there is no allergic action of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes. The results of the ophthalmic test on laboratory animals confirmed the data obtained.Therefore, comprehensive studies of the irritant and allergenic effects of the Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes were performed for the first time. The Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes in the form of ointment and solution does not irritate the skin and mucous membranes and has no allergenic properties to the body of the laboratory animals.


Author(s):  
P. V. Tsarkov ◽  
M. A. Popovtsev ◽  
Yu. S. Medkova ◽  
A. V. Alekberzade ◽  
N. N. Krylov

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of haemorrhoidal artery ligation (HA) with a preliminary palpatory determination of its localization supplemented by mucopexy of haemorrhoids as a new surgical method in the treatment of haemorrhoidal disease (HD) and to compare it with HAL-RAR technology.Materials and methods. The randomized controlled clinical trial included patients over 18 years old with Goligher’s grade II, III or IV symptomatic HD. We operated on patients in the study group (n = 75) using palpatory determination of the localization of HA and subsequent mucopexia. In the control group (n = 75) we used HAL-RAR. The primary endpoint (25–30 days after surgery): recurrence rate of HD symptoms. Secondary endpoints: postoperative complication rate, pain intensity on a visual-analogue scale from 1 to 10 points, patient satisfaction with the treatment results on a 10-point scale.Results. According to the initial characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, stage of HD, frequency of clinical symptoms), the groups did not differ. Anal bleeding relapse developed: study group – 11%, control group –14%; relapse of haemorrhoids prolapse: 3% and 5% respectively (p > 0.05). Postoperative complications were noted in 6 (8%) in the study group and 4 (5%) in the control group (p > 0.05). The intensity of pain on the 2nd and 25–30 days after surgery was 6.3 [4.8; 7.4] and 1.2 [0.6; 2.5] points in the study group and 6.5 [4.9; 7.3] and 2.1 [1.9; 4.1] in the control group, respectively (p > 0.05). Patient satisfaction with the treatment results after 12 months was estimated at 8.7 [7.9; 9.2] and 9.4 [8.2; 9.6] in the study and control groups, respectively (p > 0.05).Conclusion. HA ligation with a preliminary palpatory determination of its localization and supplemented with mucopexy of haemorrhoids is no less effective than HAL-RAR in preventing haemorrhoidal bleeding and prolapse of the nodes.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Hayder Turki AL-Musaw AL-Musawi ◽  
Mohammed Ibrahem AL-Tai AL-Tai ◽  
Muna Turki AL-Musawi AL-Musawi

The phenolic compound and other active compounds were extracted from cinnamon, in anattempt to produce a drug from Medical and herbal Plants for the diabetes on rats. Theextraction process included two methods the first carrid out with 2% v/v acetic acid andpropanol, and in the second process 70% v/v ethanol and chloroform were used. In the detectionof extracts it was noticed that both conteined phenols, flavonoids, tannins and Glycosides andCoumarins, while the saponin showed up only in the alcoholic extract of cinnamon. The phenoliccompounds in the extracts of cinnamon were determined by using Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (UV)and other function groups such as phenols, aldehyedes, estars, hydrocarbons, alcohols andcarboxylic compounds were diagnosed by using Infrared spectroscopy (IR). The study of the halflethal dose (midl lethal) (LD50) was also examined by testing the toxicity of the two cinnamon 2015 مجلة مركز بحوث التقنيات االحيائية المجلد التاسع- العدد االول42extracts. Rats were used as laboratory animals in conducting the experiments. The rats were fedby the dose (100, 200, 300,400, 500 mg / kg of body weight). The results have shown that there isno toxic effect in the cinnamon extracts. Similar concentrations were used to determine theeffective dose of the extracts in reducing the level of glucose in the blood of healthy animals. Thedose (300) mg / kg of body weight of the animal body has proved to be the the most efficient as itdecreased. The fasting glucose (Glu) serum consider by following of the cinnamon extracts withthe adopted groups during the duration of (30) days in comparison with the control group (theinfected) and outperformed the treated given Glibenelinide (daonil) group. The biochemical testsshowed that the serum concentrations of each of cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), low densitylipoprotein (LDL-C) was lowered in each of the groups treated with both cinnamon extracts incomparison with the positive groups (infected) throughout the duration (30) days and overcomethe daonil treated group. However the serum high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level wasincreased in cinnamon extract treated groups and decreased in the control group (infected).The serum concentrations of enzymes (GOT) and (GPT) were measured to test the liver functionafter where their levels were lowered after (30) days in the cinnamon extracts administeredgroups compared with the two other groups, the control (positive) and the Daonil. The Urea andCreatinine levels were measured to determine or test the kidney functions, where it was observedas from the early days of the infection in that animals infected by induced diabetes developedsymptoms of the illness, apparent in the high levels of urine which affected the functions ofkidney, but the long duration (30 days) of treatment with these extracts of cinnamon proved theirefficiency over the control group (positive).


Author(s):  
Mohsen Sedighiyan ◽  
Hamed Abdollahi ◽  
Elmira Karimi ◽  
Mostafa Badeli ◽  
Reza Erfanian ◽  
...  

Objective: We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids would be an appropriate adjunct therapy for alleviating the inflammatory response and clinical manifestation in hospitalized patients with covid-19 disease. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Amir-Alam hospital in Tehran. Thirty adult men and women diagnosed with covid-19 were allocated to either control group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine) or intervention group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine plus 2 grams of DHA+EPA) for 2 weeks. Primary outcome of the intervention including CRP, ESR as well as clinical symptoms including body pain, fatigue, appetite and olfactory and secondary outcomes including liver enzymes were determined at the baseline and after omega-3 supplementation. Clinical signs were measured using self-reported questionnaires. There were commercial kits for determination of CRP and liver enzymes concentrations in the serum of patients. For determination of ESR automated hematology analyzer was applied. Results: In comparison to control group, patients receiving omega-3 indicated favorable changes in all clinical symptoms except for olfactory ((p<0.001 for body pain and fatigue, p= 0.03 for appetite and p=0.21 for olfactory). Reducing effects of omega-3 supplementation compared to control group were also observed in the levels of ESR and CRP after treatment (p<0.001 for CRP and p=0.02 for ESR). However, no between group differences in the liver enzymes serum concentrations were observed after supplementation (p>0.05). Conclusion: Current observations are very promising and indicate that supplementation with moderate dosages of omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the management of inflammation-mediated clinical symptoms in covid-19 patients. Key words: Covid-19, omega-3, inflammation, clinical symptoms


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