Contemporary Foreign Trade Policy of China in the Region of Central and Northeast Asia

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilii Erokhin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Boundaries

China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. To ensure a continual increase in trade, China's contemporary policies are aimed at the creation of new market opportunities for China's companies abroad. The chapter addresses the major challenges of collaboration between China and the countries of Central and Northeast Asia, reviews the milestones of China's trade policies in Eurasia, analyses China's recent trade and development initiative (One Belt One Road project) and its convergence with other integration initiatives in the region, and reviews trade flows between China and the countries of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) and Northeast Asia (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and the Republic of Korea) during 2015. The chapter is concluded with an analysis of how China can pursue shaping an inter-regional market by looking across national boundaries and with the discussion of structural changes needed for China to ensure its competitiveness in the markets of the studied country.

scholarly journals The Particularity of the Quranic Words in translation: A Study on the Korean Translation of the Word “Wali: Guardian”: خصوصية الألفاظ القرآنية في الترجمة: دراسة في الترجمة الكورية للفظة الولي

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Farouk M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Holy Book

The Quran is the holy book of Islam which has been almost translated to all languages of the world. The translation of the words of God is a great work which include a responsibility of conveying the accurate meaning of God’s words. The researcher of this paper studied the Korean language and participated in Korean-Arabic translations over twenty years. Accordingly, the researcher felt the responsibility of which she tries through this paper to shed the light on the Korean translation of Quran hoping for reaching the most accurate translation for Quran. This paper focused on one word of the noble Quran, tracing the Korean translation to examine its accuracy as a sample of other words that may include difficulties in the Korean translation. The choice of the word “wali: Guardian” was based on its Islamic specificity and its possible impacts on the right understanding of Islam. The study began with the definition of the word and its Islamic particularity. Then, the study presented an analysis of the Korean translation of the word through exploring the Quranic verses containing the word. Finally, the study gave suggestions for the accurate translation of the word which would include recommendations for the future translation of Quran. * This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018S1A6A3A02022221). * هذا العمل مدعوم من وزارة التعليم الكورية والمعهد الكوري القومي للبحوث (NRF-2018S1A6A3A02022221).

scholarly journals Geopolitical Situation in Northeast Asia: Development of Sino-Russian Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zreik
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Far East ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Relation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historic Background

The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and characteristics of Sino-Russian relations since 1640 where diplomatic and commercial relations were established in the far east of Siberia. A historic background will be given, in order to highlight the real reasons behind this good relation that is turning into an alliance. The paper will shed the light on important events and dates that occurred in this relation, such as the year 1858, which had disputes on the border. The author shows that the relations between China and Russia have been faced with twists and turns since its beginnings because of geographical, cultural, historical and political interdependence. This paper analyses the relationship between Russia and China in the light of international political changes as the world enters a new stage of international order, especially after the decline of US influence and China's announcement of its One Belt One Road initiative (OBOR) and its political, cultural and economic openness to the world.

scholarly journals Mongolian Labor Migration to Republic of Korea in Recent Historical Period: Forced Mobility and Social Event

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 359-380
Author(s):  
I. G. Aktamov ◽  
Yu. G. Grigoreva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The issues of the reasons, factors and features of labor migration of Mongolian citizens to the Republic of Korea in the post-socialist period of the country’s development are considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the data of official statistics, government bodies of Mongolia and the Republic of Korea, as well as international organizations are presented. A review of scientific works on this issue by domestic, Mongolian, South Korean authors is carried out. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze migration processes, which in the near future will determine the socio-economic development of the states of Northeast Asia, taking into account the age, professional, gender characteristics of the “receiving” and “arriving” communities. It has been proven that the government of Mongolia pays great attention to migration policy, which emphasizes the migration of Mongolian citizens to the Republic of Korea. The authors identified the main factors influencing migration flows, and also determined the mechanisms of state regulation in the recent historical period. In the conclusion, the results of the analysis carried out on the problem and the prospects for the development of the study are formulated, including in the field of studying migration flows from the border regions of the Russian Federation. 

THE IMAGE CREATING OF PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AT THE CURRENT STAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
М. Vaulina ◽  
◽  
Е. Gainullina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Characteristic ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
World Community ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Current Stage

The article examines the factors that build the image of the president of the Republic of Korea, such as the political course, communication with the people, the politician’s social circle, his hobbies, the lighting of information in the media, the political technologies, etc. Special attention is paid to the reaction of the Koreans and the world community upon the actions of Moon Jae-in. Have been compared the impressions made by Park Geun-hye and Moon Jae-in. The conclusion draws out that the image of Moon Jae-in has positive characteristic, which roughly contrasts with the previous president and improves the country’s image on the world stage. The attractive image of the political leader ensures its support by its citizens, giving him a “credit” and approval for the ongoing political reforms

Digital economic development strategy of Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Yujeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the adopted strategies of digital economic development of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Korea. The main attention is focused on the fact that the world economy is currently undergoing transformation and the digital economy is developing rapidly in many countries around the world. Russia and the Republic of Korea are developing and implementing strategies for digital economic development in their countries. In order to ensure a competitive position in the global market, the Russian government adopted the program "Digital economy" in 2017, and the Republic of Korea, with the arrival of the new government in 2017, developed and implements the strategy "I-Korea 4.0". The article analyzes the strategy of development of the digital economy of Russia and the Republic of Korea, highlights the main basic directions, goals, digital technologies in innovation policy, and considers the prospects for digital economic cooperation. The study examined various aspects of regulatory policy related to the future development of the digital economy in both countries and a comparative analysis of the adopted economic development strategies of Russia and the Republic of Korea is carried out. The analysis revealed common features and distinctive features of the implementation of strategies that ensure the accelerated development of the digital economy of the two countries. Both countries are currently focused on developing digital infrastructure. Since Russia has a need for technological renewal and use of innovative technologies, it has plans to implement large-scale projects, and the Republic of Korea has a global advantage in the fi eld of ICT, it is expected that both countries will be able to implement promising areas of mutually benefi cial cooperation in various areas of the economy.

Efforts to Overcome Sex Selection in Reproduction in Asia

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darryl Macer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Selection ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Population ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Diagnostic Technology ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThere is significant abuse of medical diagnostic technology in some Asian countries to select male fetuses and embryos over female fetuses, which leads to an imbalanced sex ration at birth. The paper discusses the ethics of sex selection, and reviews policies that have been used. Legal measures to prevent this in China and India are described, as well as the reasons that those efforts have not solved the problem. There are also growing uses of technology for sex selection in Nepal and Vietnam. The Republic of Korea has used policies and education to reverse preference for boys, and there is discussion of the reasons behind this. New partners and policies are required to overcome this serious abuse of biotechnology that is responsible for close to one hundred million missing girls in the world population.

scholarly journals A koreai köztársaság kereskedelmi politikája és a koreu szabadkereskedelmi megállapodás

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-293
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

The Republic of Korea (South Korea) is one of the typical, newly-industrialised economies of Asia (ANIEs) that has undergone spectacular economic and social development over the last half century. Since the 1960s it has developed gradually and has become one of the most advanced nations of the world. As a result of the stalemate of the Doha-round, and of the financial and economic crisis in 2008–2009, a new trend seems to have emerged in the field of trade liberalization in the world. Instead of striving for a comprehensive, multilateral framework, a growing number of “new generation” free trade agreements have been emerging that are concluded on a bilateral level or among a few countries. The Republic of Korea joined this trend in 2008. Since then it has concluded a number of FTAs with Asian, American, European and other partners including the USA and the European Union, and it still has a number of draft agreements under negotiation. The EU-Korea FTA (KOREU) entered into force on 1 July 2011, marking a new era in EU-Korea trade relations. It is the most comprehensive free trade agreement ever concluded by the EU, and the first with a partner country in Asia. Since it came into force, import duties have been eliminated on nearly all products (98.7 % of duties within five years), which resulted in a far-reaching trade liberalization in services as well. Since 2011 the European Union’s exports to Korea have been growing, and the former trade deficit in the EU-Korea relations has shifted to European surplus in the balance of trade. This can be seen as an advantage for the EU, but it also reflects the vulnerability of the Korean economy’s competitiveness.

scholarly journals Economic Policy Responses to COVID-19 of the Northeast Asia Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-178
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Izotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
The Republic

Once at the epicenter of the original source of the coronavirus spread, the governments of China, the Republic of Korea and Japan introduced immediate administrative measures to isolate the population, which helped to effectively contain the spread of COVID-19 on their territory. The review shows that in the first half of 2020, due to policy of isolation in these Northeast Asia countries, there was a contraction of their economies. The subsequent dynamics of economic growth of the three Northeast Asia countries indicated structural differences in their economies. In the face of economic recession during a COVID-19 pandemic, the governments of Northeast Asia countries are applying stimulating economic policies, with Japan having the largest public spending with respect to its GDP, followed by the Republic of Korea and China. In China, the support for the economy is focused on fiscal policy measures, in the Republic of Korea – monetary and macro-financial policies, in Japan – a combination of policies’ various measures. In the context of a decrease in the coronavirus spread, mid-term estimates indicate that these three countries will be able to maintain positive economic growth rates while investment supporting of the green and digital technologies, including the support through the measures of economic policy. These support measures could have a short- and medium-term positive impact on the economies of the three Northeast Asia countries. However, for the purpose to localizing the pandemic in these countries large fiscal expenditures will contribute to the further growth of their public debt, thereby reducing the national savings rate, restraining the dynamics of their economic growth in the long term

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR RASPBERRY PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Katerina Bojkovska ◽  
Nikolce Jankulovski ◽  
Goran Mihajlovski ◽  
Jovica Momirceski
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
World Market ◽  
World Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Research Show

The purpose of the research in this paper is to analyze the production of raspberries in Republic of N. Macedonia and to perceive its place on the world market of raspberries, as well as to analyze the market opportunities for raspberry production in Republic of N. Macedonia. The results of the research show that Russia occupies 19% of world raspberry production for 2018 while Mexico occupies 15% of total raspberry production and Serbia occupies 15% of total raspberry production for 2018, i.e. it is the third largest producer in the world. The production of raspberries worldwide has increased by 7% in 2018 compared to 2017, while compared to 2010 this production worldwide has increased by 40%. Republic of N. Macedonia with its 33rd place occupies 0.03% of the total world production of raspberries in 2018 from a total of 45 countries. But despite the small share in world raspberry production in 2018, Republic of N. Macedonia records a drastic increase (by 96%) compared to 2010, while compared to 2017 it increased by 25%. Republic of N. Macedonia has the necessary conditions for the production of raspberries, but still this branch is not fully developed.

LABOUR MARKET TRANSFORMATION UNDER MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
N.G. VISHNEVSKAYA ◽  
◽  
O.V. ALESHKINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article analyzes the current processes on the global labor market in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Changing demographic proportions, the pension reform, migration processes, intensive development of production technologies, automation, the use of artificial intelligence all these factors are undoubtedly transforming the labor market environment. The content of occupation is changing, structural changes in the economy lead to the dropping-out of a number of specialties and the emergence of new ones, which did not exist before. To match the supply of labor resources to the modern requirements of the economy, new competencies of workers as well as continuous training or retraining are required. Educational institutions have to adapt to the new requirements of the labor market environment to meet the needs of the labor market for qualified specialists with relevant knowledge and skills. Major changes in the labor market amid the spread of the new coronavirus infection have affected most countries of the world economy, including Russia. A long period of restrictions in most industries is reflected in the economic indicators of enterprises, development opportunities, and the number of required workers. The situation with the pandemic clearly demonstrates how unstable the modern labor market is; how events that occur in one country in the world are capable of undermining the whole balance, even in fairly stable and durable economic systems. The article analyzes the situation on the labor market of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main problems of the region in this direction are highlighted. The analysis of the situation in the registered labor market showed that in 8 months of 2020 the number of officially registered unemployed increased 5 times, the level of registered unemployment increased 5.5 times, tension in the labor market increased 3 times. In the context of a worsening economic situation caused by an unfavorable epidemiological situation, the situation with the employment of citizens has become more complicated. The analysis showed that for several years the employment rate remained stable at 70%, and by September 2020 it was 17.4%. Currently, the labor market in Russia experiences the consequences of the economic crisis caused by the unfavorable epidemiological situation. The crisis is changing the forms of employment, which is becoming remote, non-standard, online professions appear. The structure of labor demand is changing. Labor resources will be rebuilt or replenish the modern labor market. In these conditions, the role of the state is growing significantly and there is no doubt in the need of the development of the anti-crisis plan for the labor market’s regulation.

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