Application of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine: A Major Focus on Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Zare-Zardini ◽  
Farzad Ferdowsian ◽  
Hossein Soltaninejad ◽  
Adel Ghorani Azam ◽  
Safoura Soleymani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Cancer Diseases

Most of mortality worldwide occurs because of cancer diseases. Nanostructures are the new compounds that have become one of the most important technologies for using in different fields over the past two years especially in medicine. In between, nanotechnology has the potential to cancer detection and therapy. This study is a review of prospects in applications of nano-materials for cancer detection and treatment. We have summarized the nano-materials (metal nanospheres, nanorods, nanoshells and nanotubes) in medical applications targeting cancer. We also discuss advances in established nanoparticle technologies such as liposomes, polymer micelles, and functionalization about tumor targeting, controlled release and drug delivery. This paper will discuss the therapeutic applications of different nano-materials with a major focus on their applications for the treatment of cancer. Briefly, the toxicity of conventional nanostructures was also mentioned in this paper.

A Controlled-Release Nanocarrier with Extracellular pH Value Driven Tumor Targeting and Translocation for Drug Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (29) ◽  
pp. 7487-7491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Zhao ◽  
Hongmin Meng ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
Michael J. Donovan ◽  
Ting Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extracellular Ph

PLGA nanoparticle-based docetaxel/LY294002 drug delivery system enhances antitumor activities against gastric cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1394-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Cai ◽  
Keyang Qian ◽  
Xueliang Zuo ◽  
Wuheng Yue ◽  
Yinzhu Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Antitumor Effects

Docetaxel (TXT) is acknowledged as one of the most important chemotherapy agents for gastric cancer (GC). PI3K/AKT signaling is frequently activated in GC, and its inhibitor LY294002 exerts potent antitumor effects. However, the hydrophobicity of TXT and the poor solubility and low bioavailability of LY294002 limit their clinical application. To overcome these shortcomings, we developed poly(lactic acid/glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with TXT and LY294002. PLGA facilitated the accumulation of TXT and LY294002 at the tumor sites. The in vitro functional results showed that PLGA(TXT+LY294002) exhibited controlled-release and resulted in a markedly reduced proliferative capacity and an elevated apoptosis rate. An in vivo orthotopic GC mouse model and xenograft mouse model confirmed the anticancer superiority and tumor-targeting feature of PLGA(TXT+LY294002). Histological analysis indicated that PLGA(TXT+LY294002) was biocompatible and had no toxicity to major organs. Characterized by the combined slow release of TXT and LY294002, this novel PLGA-based TXT/LY294002 drug delivery system provides controlled release and tumor targeting and is safe, shedding light on the future of targeted therapy against GC.

scholarly journals Recent Trends in Multifunctional Liposomal Nanocarriers for Enhanced Tumor Targeting

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Perche ◽  
Vladimir P. Torchilin
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Selective Distribution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Lesion ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Stimuli Sensitive ◽  
Multifunctional Nanocarriers ◽  
Tumor Cell Killing

Liposomes are delivery systems that have been used to formulate a vast variety of therapeutic and imaging agents for the past several decades. They have significant advantages over their free forms in terms of pharmacokinetics, sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. The multifactorial nature of cancer and the complex physiology of the tumor microenvironment require the development of multifunctional nanocarriers. Multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers should combine long blood circulation to improve pharmacokinetics of the loaded agent and selective distribution to the tumor lesion relative to healthy tissues, remote-controlled or tumor stimuli-sensitive extravasation from blood at the tumor’s vicinity, internalization motifs to move from tumor bounds and/or tumor intercellular space to the cytoplasm of cancer cells for effective tumor cell killing. This review will focus on current strategies used for cancer detection and therapy using liposomes with special attention to combination therapies.

scholarly journals Methodologies to Isolate and Purify Clinical Grade Extracellular Vesicles for Medical Applications

Cells ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Asma Akbar ◽  
Farzaneh Malekian ◽  
Neda Baghban ◽  
Sai Priyanka Kodam ◽  
Mujib Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Clinical Grade ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Purification Methods

The use of extracellular vesicles (EV) in nano drug delivery has been demonstrated in many previous studies. In this study, we discuss the sources of extracellular vesicles, including plant, salivary and urinary sources which are easily available but less sought after compared with blood and tissue. Extensive research in the past decade has established that the breadth of EV applications is wide. However, the efforts on standardizing the isolation and purification methods have not brought us to a point that can match the potential of extracellular vesicles for clinical use. The standardization can open doors for many researchers and clinicians alike to experiment with the proposed clinical uses with lesser concerns regarding untraceable side effects. It can make it easier to identify the mechanism of therapeutic benefits and to track the mechanism of any unforeseen effects observed.

scholarly journals A Brief Review on Advantages of Nano-based Drug Delivery Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Hami
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Review ◽  
As Solubility ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Context: During the past two decades, the development of drug delivery systems based on nanomaterials has yielded nanocarriers for smart application in nanomedicine to treat diseases. Evidence Acquisition: The current review presents a summary of some advances in the development and application of nano-delivery systems for improving the efficacy of conventional drugs and reducing their adverse effects through the production of smart delivery carriers with targeting moieties and controlled release strategies used in therapy. The searches were conducted in ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases for relevant studies. Results: As reviewed in the present paper, the investigated targeted drug delivery systems have proven to be more effective than free drugs by enhancing efficacy and reducing the systemic toxicity of therapy. In addition, many studies have shown remarkable advantages of nanoscale drug delivery carriers regarding the possibility to improve properties such as solubility, stability, absorption, diffusivity, bioavailability, targeting, and controlled release of drugs. Conclusions: Despite many advantages of nanoscale drug delivery systems reported in the medical literature, deeper research about the composition, synthesis, characteristics, and clinical applications in this area is needed.

Technologies in Bilayer Tablet Manufacturing: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Mayuri B. Patil ◽  
Priyanka M. Salve ◽  
Shital V. Sonawane ◽  
Avish D. Maru ◽  
Jayshree S. Bhadane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilayer Tablet ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Tablet Manufacturing ◽  
The Cost

Bilayer tablet is a recent time for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various quality to provide a way of the successful drug delivery system. Over the past 30 years stated that the cost and complications involved in marketing new drug entities have increased, with consequent recognition of therapeutic advantages of controlled drug delivery, greater attention has been concentration on development of sustained or controlled release drug delivery systems. Bilayer tablet it is used in the different aspect for anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Bilayer tablet incidental release of two drugs in combination, separate two incompatible substance and also for sustained release tablet in which one layer is immediate release as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. Bilayer tablet is enhancing beneficial technology to control the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. There is various application used in the bilayer tablets.

scholarly journals Functionalized Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Microgels in Tumor Targeting and Drug Delivery

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Simona Campora ◽  
Reham Mohsen ◽  
Daniel Passaro ◽  
Howida Samir ◽  
Hesham Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viability Assay ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Breast Cells ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Target Cancer

Over the past several decades, the development of engineered small particles as targeted and drug delivery systems (TDDS) has received great attention thanks to the possibility to overcome the limitations of classical cancer chemotherapy, including targeting incapability, nonspecific action and, consequently, systemic toxicity. Thus, this research aims at using a novel design of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAM)-based microgels to specifically target cancer cells and avoid the healthy ones, which is expected to decrease or eliminate the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Smart NIPAM-based microgels were functionalized with acrylic acid and coupled to folic acid (FA), targeting the folate receptors overexpressed by cancer cells and to the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox). The successful conjugation of FA and Dox was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-VIS analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, viability assay performed on cancer and healthy breast cells, suggested the microgels’ biocompatibility and the cytotoxic effect of the conjugated drug. On the other hand, the specific tumor targeting of synthetized microgels was demonstrated by a co-cultured (healthy and cancer cells) assay monitored using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results suggest successful targeting of cancer cells and drug release. These data support the use of pNIPAM-based microgels as good candidates as TDDS.

A Controlled-Release Nanocarrier with Extracellular pH Value Driven Tumor Targeting and Translocation for Drug Delivery

2013 ◽  
Vol 125 (29) ◽  
pp. 7635-7639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilong Zhao ◽  
Hongmin Meng ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
Michael J. Donovan ◽  
Ting Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Extracellular Ph

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

A Review on Fast Dissolving Tablet

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar T. Malsane ◽  
Smita S. Aher ◽  
R. B. Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orally Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention due to patient compliance. Usually, elderly people experience difficulty in swallowing the conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions and suspensions because of tremors of extremities and dysphagia. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “Fast dissolving tablets” (FDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The review describes the various formulation aspects, superdisintegrants employed and technologies developed for FDTs, along with various excipients, evaluation tests, marketed formulation and drugs used in this research area.

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