Auto Seed Sowing Agriculture Robot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Belgali ◽  
Swapnagandha Jadhav ◽  
Snehal Shirgure ◽  
Kiran Shirgure
Keyword(s):  
Front Side ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Android App ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Time Required

Agriculture is the most important field. Many of the lives are dependent on agriculture. It requires a large number of labours, as well as the time required for the process of planting the seed, is more? This system reduces the labour requirement, human efforts, as well as this system, reduces time. This machine has a very little cost. This planter is very simple to use hence, the unskilled farmer is also able to handle this machine. We simplified the design also made it cheaper and affordable to every rural farmer. This system is designed to implement the Seed sowing & weeding process automatically. By using the mobile android app it is simple to operate. This robot moved the front side, backside, left, and right according to the instruction given by us. The seeds fall at a particular distance by giving a specific delay. The weeding is also done in this system. We use a DC pump for providing water after seeding is done. This is IOT based system so from anywhere we can handle this robot. It reduces the time as well as labour requirement and it has fewer efforts.

scholarly journals Internal inguinal ring closure by laparoscopy using homologous pericardium grafts in horses

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio David Spagnolo ◽  
Idercio Luis Sinhorini ◽  
Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin ◽  
Aline Magalhães Ambrosio ◽  
Maria Teresa de Mello Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ring Closure ◽  
Internal Inguinal Ring ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intracorporeal Suture ◽  
Mechanical Suture ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Incomplete Occlusion ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT: The occlusion of inguinal ring is the treatment to avoid the inguinal hernia in horses. The aim of this study is evaluate the efficacy of homologous pericardium grafts for internal inguinal ring closure in horses, comparing mechanical or manual laparoscopic suture. Cross over study, using six healthy intact male Mangalarga breed horses aged between 3 and 12 years. Horses were operated under general anesthesia in 25º Trendelenburg position. Five laparoscopic portals were employed. Pericardium grafts measuring 4x5cm were anchored covering the left and right internal inguinal rings using either manual intracorporeal suture or laparoscopic stapler. Horses were followed-up during 11 weeks when were submitted to a laparoscopic control. Surgical time, trans and postoperative complications and effectiveness of internal inguinal closure were evaluated and statistically analyzed. The level of significance was set at 5% P<0.05. The procedures were realized without complications and the mean time required for manual and mechanical suture procedures differed significantly (67.8±15.3 and 14.1±2.1 min respectively; P<0.05). All manually sutured grafts remained in place and partial suture dehiscence with incomplete occlusion of the internal inguinal ring was observed in two stapled grafts. Non-severe complications were observed trans or postoperatively. One synechiae and three omental adhesions were observed by laparoscopic control on day 77, but without clinical relevance in the evaluated period. The use of homologous pericardium grafts was effectiveness to internal inguinal ring closure by laparoscopy. Mechanical suture was faster to perform than manual, but provided less satisfactory results concerning safety of graft fixation.

scholarly journals Influence of Harvest, Processing, and Substrate in the Germination of Dalbergia nigra Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Regnier
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Seed Processing ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Dalbergia Nigra ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Substrate Influence

Dalbergia nigra is a Brazilian native species with relevant economic and ecological roles. Due to its indiscriminate exploration is an endangered species. Besides the great demand for seedling production, only a few aspects of D. nigra germination have been explored. Thus, this study aimed to determine how harvesting immature fruits, fruits processing, and substrate could influence Dalbergia nigra germination process. Five thousand immature, and five thousand mature fruits evenly distributed between two replicas of each of tree 3 treatments; integral fruits, fruits with edges cut, and direct seed sowing in vermiculite. Seeking to evaluate substrate influence over germination, 252 seeds were strewed in the prepared organic substrate. No fruits harvested in visually green appearance did germinate under any of treatments. Integral fruits and cut procedure presented the same time for the first germination, almost two times the amount observed to direct seeds sowing. Besides that, the germination rate was not statistically affected. We found that different substrates also influence the germination pattern, as seen to seed processing when using vermiculite as a substrate, germination starts earlier but the germination rate was not statistically affected. Harvest of Dalbergia nigra green fruits is not an adequate procedure seeking seedling production. The reduction on germination time and better seedling quality, indicate that direct seed sowing procedure is adequate seeking seedling production. Vermiculite substrate gave better results, reducing the time required to germination process. Besides that, this substrate did not affect the germination rate during this study period.

scholarly journals Elliptic Curve Video Encryption in Mobile Phone Based on Multi-Keys and Chaotic Map

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Khalid Naji
Keyword(s):  
Elliptic Curve ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Java Language ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Time Required

The security of video applications in mobile devices has become recently an important field research. Dealing with video data, which is large compared to text and image and processing it in the mobile platform is a big challenge. Generally, the efficiency of any video encryption algorithm is concerned with two criteria, the computational time required to process video data, and the memory usage according to the resources on the smartphone. The secured system in 3G devices has become a matter of importance. This paper presents an implementation of full video encryption using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) on a mobile device. The operations on ECC include doubling and addition on the finite field as the backbone for an elliptic curve. Also, mapping representation is introduced to convert every byte of plain video into a point on EC. The paper proposed multi-keys instead of using one key as usual. Also, Chaotic Key Generator (CKG) is exploited for the randomness of the multi-keys. The proposed work focuses on increasing the security with multi-keys and to get acceptable time for encryption and decryption in a limited environment like mobile. The system is implemented using Android Studio with version (3.0) and using java language, it is implemented on Android version 7.0 (Nougat) and on mobile Galaxy S8.

Effects of Expectancy and Attention in Vibrotactile Choice Reaction Time Tasks

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Bradshaw ◽  
Michelle J. Howard ◽  
Jane M. Pierson ◽  
Jim Phillips ◽  
Judy A. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
Unexpected Stimulus

The orienting of attention in space has not been considered in the tactile domain. This issue is examined using a modified version of a visual paradigm initially adopted by Posner, Snyder, and Davidson (1980), which manipulates the probability of a stimulus occurring at different spatial locations. Slower RTs at an unexpected stimulus location are thought to reflect the time required to shift attention from the expected to the unexpected location. In two experiments involving vibrotactile choice RT between left and right hands, the two hands were either crossed or uncrossed, and the hands were held both on the left side of the body, both on the right, or one on either side of the midline. There was no evidence to suggest that spatial location (left or right) affected the orienting of attention in the tactual modality. As predicted, RTs were slower when the arms were crossed compared with uncrossed, though this effect was smaller for the expected trials. A coding conflict hypothesis may explain both these findings, but the smaller effect in the expected trials may also reflect attentional factors. Both the relative and absolute location of the hands affected the magnitude of the crossed-arm effect and indicated that attention may play a role in the perceptual division of space into left and right sides. Possible reasons for hand or hemispace asymmetries in different simple and choice RT paradigms were discussed.

scholarly journals Seed Sowing Robot

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 781-786
Author(s):  
Dr. D. A. Godse
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Abstract: Agriculture is the most important field for human beings. It is the backbone of our country's economic system. Equipment that needs less human effort and time with less price of implementation is way needed for fulfilment within the agricultural trade. Project work is focused on the seed sowing process and the design of a four-wheel-drive robot that does the work of seed sowing in plowed agricultural land avoiding the human effort by tracing the path and sowing seeds and tried to solve the problems related to agriculture. Seed sowing robot consists of battery-powered wheels, a DC motor inbuilt in these wheels, an Arduino Uno is useful for controlling the robotic activities. The Robot can detect the obstacle very easily with the help of an ultrasonic sensor. In every complete rotation of the rotating wheel, there’s a seed fall from the seed drum and performs seed sowingoperation. Keywords: Agriculture, Farmer, Seed, Robot

The Critical Point Drying Method Applied to Scanning Electron Microscopy of L-929 Cells

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
Charles TurnbiLL ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Scanning Electron

The advent of the scanning electron microscope (SCEM) has renewed interest in preparing specimens by avoiding the forces of surface tension. The present method of freeze drying by Boyde and Barger (1969) and Small and Marszalek (1969) does prevent surface tension but ice crystal formation and time required for pumping out the specimen to dryness has discouraged us. We believe an attractive alternative to freeze drying is the critical point method originated by Anderson (1951; for electron microscopy. He avoided surface tension effects during drying by first exchanging the specimen water with alcohol, amy L acetate and then with carbon dioxide. He then selected a specific temperature (36.5°C) and pressure (72 Atm.) at which carbon dioxide would pass from the liquid to the gaseous phase without the effect of surface tension This combination of temperature and, pressure is known as the "critical point" of the Liquid.

Search mode for rapid detection of virus particles

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Search Mode ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Focus Image ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Rapid Switching

Electron microscopy is frequently used in preliminary diagnosis of plant virus diseases by surveying negatively stained preparations of crude extracts of leaf samples. A major limitation of this method is the time required to survey grids when the concentration of virus particles (VPs) is low. A rapid survey of grids for VPs is reported here; the method employs a low magnification, out-of-focus Search Mode similar to that used for low dose electron microscopy of radiation sensitive specimens. A higher magnification, in-focus Confirm Mode is used to photograph or confirm the detection of VPs. Setting up the Search Mode by obtaining an out-of-focus image of the specimen in diffraction (K. H. Downing and W. Chiu, private communications) and pre-aligning the image in Search Mode with the image in Confirm Mode facilitates rapid switching between Modes.

The three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated left- and right-handed forms of bacterial flagellar filaments from an identical serotype

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
D. J. DeRosier
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Bacterial Flagellum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Rotary Motor ◽  
Helical Parameters

The bacterial cell is propelled through the liquid environment by means of one or more rotating flagella. The bacterial flagellum is composed of a basal body (rotary motor), hook (universal coupler), and filament (propellor). The filament is a rigid helical assembly of only one protein species — flagellin. The filament can adopt different morphologies and change, reversibly, its helical parameters (pitch and hand) as a function of mechanical stress and chemical changes (pH, ionic strength) in the environment.

Advantages of Complementary Stereo Images as Viewed with the Low-Temperature Field-Emission SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pair Analysis

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

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