scholarly journals EFFECTIVE USE OF REMOTE AND NEAR-VILLAGE PASTURES OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
A.A. TOREKHANOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. SABIROVA ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Near Future

The article is devoted to the discussion of issues related to the rational use of pasture lands, which form the basis of fodder base of animal husbandry. On the basis of statistical data on the presence of huge areas of pasture turnover and their feed capacity in the republic, the possibility of producing inexpensive ecologically clean livestock products on them is justified. Half of them (100 mln ha) are currently withdrawn from agricultural use and are classified as reserve lands. Their use in the near future- is a large reserve for improving food supply of the country's population with meat and meat products, and for increasing exports. The authors note that Kazakhstan has adopted a project to export 60 of thous. tons of beef. For production of such quantity of meat, it is necessary to keep livestock weighing 120 thous. tons, or about 300 thous. heads of cattle slaughtered annually for the sale of exported beef. It was revealed that 15% of the available pasture lands, or 26.5 mln ha, are degraded, a significant part of them are located in the territory belonging to rural settlements. This is the reason for the deterioration of the environment in rural areas. The article provides data from many years of research by scientists on seasonal pastures "spring-summer-autumn" suitable for grazing of cattle, their area is 68 mln ha, including in arid and desert regions - about 22.8 mln ha.

PRIORITIES FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF PASTURES IN DEVELOPING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AT THE PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDS IN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1444
Author(s):  
A.I. Sabirova ◽  
◽  
S.T. Zhumasheva ◽  
I.S. Taipova ◽  
M.A. Bryzgalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Private Households ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Effective Use

The institutional and organizational-economic directions of the effective using pastures for keeping private households livestock around the settlement territories, creating favorable environmental conditions for rural residents, preventing land degradation around rural settlements are considered. The current regulatory framework of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the development of households and the use of pasture areas for developing animal husbandry is analyzed. Based on the assessment of the legislative support for this category of farms in the countries of the Union of Independent States, the rationale for the need to adopt the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the activities of people’s private households” is provided. On the basis of a monographic study of rural areas around large rural settlements and private animals farms, the degree of seasonal use of pastures in rural areas in different natural and agricultural zones was determined, the regions with a lack of pastures and a high concentration of rural population, as well as the regions with a low load of livestock on pastures were identified. Households with a large number of livestock and output of marketable products, which do not have the status of individual entrepreneurs, were identified. An assessment is given of the state of reserve territories of reserve lands, forest resources and reserves for their possible involvement in agricultural turnover on the basis of long-term and short-term lease to replenish the feed stock of livestock kept in private households. Methods have been developed for determining the organizational and economic mechanisms for regulating livestock grazing in rural areas by observing the optimal load of livestock from private households and their seasonal use with the involvement of reserve lands in the agricultural turnover, transforming peasant farms into business structures.

scholarly journals Modern Youth of Kalmykia: Attitude to Agricultural Labor (Based on the Materials of the 2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Ludmila Namrueva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Republic

The development of rural settlements is interrelated with the state of population reproduction. Various aspects of life in rural areas, including the development of its economic and social sphere, are usually described by demographic indicators. The deterioration of economic and social conditions in rural areas increases the migration behavior of rural residents. Young people aged 18–35 are most susceptible to migration aspirations. The negative social changes that have been taking place in the Republic of Kalmykia for three decades (1990–2010) have significantly affected the irrevocable migration of young people to other regions of Russia, as well as to foreign countries. Youth unemployment, growing social stratification, and a prolonged lack of social elevators increase the gap between actively advertised opportunities for success, a career in 2–-30 years, and the social experience of the younger generation. Rural youth of the Republic of Kalmykia have long been deprived of the necessary resources to realize themselves on their native land. This article deals with the problems related to the desire / unwillingness of rural youth of the Republic of Kalmykia to work in the agricultural sector, migration behavior, and life strategies of young people. Natives of the village, for the most part, do not want to engage in agricultural work, to continue the traditions of their ancestors in raising livestock. The article concludes that the measures taken in the region to address the personnel policy in the agricultural sector are ineffective. Young livestock and plant breeders need state support, as they ensure the country's food security not only in the near future, but also in the long term. The author uses materials of the Republican newspaper "Halmg unn" for 2019, which reveal the problems of young villagers, their plans to engage in animal husbandry – the traditional type of work of the Kalmyks.

scholarly journals Organizational and economic mechanism for the land use in rural areas

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
A. N. Zhildikbaeva ◽  
◽  
L.A. Glushan ◽  
S.K. Elemesov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Effective Use

The goal is to consider the problems of institutional and organizational-economic mechanisms for the effective use of lands near the village on the basis of assessment of the existing load of livestock in personal subsidiary plots and the system of its maintenance in various natural and agriultural zones. Objectives – to analyze pasture use in rural settlements and to present the standards for maximum permissible load of grazing of farm animals on the area of pastures in different climatic zones. Results – regions with a shortage of near-aul lands for livestock, high concentration of the rural population, a discrepancy between the livestock number and the level of pasture provi-sion were identified. Areas with a low load of animals on pastures are identified. The ratio of the standards of demand and supply in forage for natural and agricultural zones and animal species is shown. The formula for determining the optimal number of livestock that can be grazed around a settlement, taking into account the feed stock and pasture capacity, is presented. Schemes of pasture rotation are presented and recommendations for their use are developed to preserve the productivity of natural forage areas of zonal types of near-aul pasture lands and to radically improve on the basis of natural economic zoning of the republic. The analysis of the degree of watering of near-village pastures by region is given. Costs per head unit for transition and long-term periods have been calculated. Conclusions – costs for the near future are based on the existing cost structure by item with some amendments. Purchased feed for all types of animals prevails in the cost structure. The degree of maintenance of rangelands in non-State agricultural enterprises within the boundaries of land use, where there is a reserve potential of unused forage lands, has been determined.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПИЩЕВОГО БЕЛКОВО-ЖИРОВОГО БАЛАНСА И СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Labor Resources

В 2018 году дефицит белка и жиров животного происхождения в питании населения России составил 11,8 и 5,5, соответственно. Продолжает оставаться высокой импортозависимость по белку животного происхождения на уровне 10,3, по животным жирам 8,8. Интенсификация развития животноводства соответствует стратегической цели социального развития и повышения жизненного уровня населения нашей страны на ближайшую и отдаленную перспективы. В соответствии с Доктриной продовольственной безопасности взят курс на наиболее полное обеспечение и улучшение структуры питания людей за счет роста потребления ценной в питательном отношении молочномясной продукции собственного производства. Россия располагает всеми необходимыми условиями и имеет реальные предпосылки полностью решить проблему обеспечения населения животными жирами и пищевым белком животного происхождения, но с каждым годом усложняется ситуация с трудовыми ресурсами на селе.In 2018, the deficit of protein and animal fats at the diet of Russian population was 11.8 and 5.5, respectively. High import dependence on animal protein remains at the level of 10.3, and on animal fats 8.8. Intensification of animal husbandry corresponds to the strategy of social development and improvement of living standards of countryside population in near and longterm period. In accordance with the Food Security Doctrine it was taken the course on the most complete provision and improving the structure of peoples diet due to increasing in the consumption of valuable dairy and meat products of own production. Our country has all the necessary conditions and has real prerequisites for fully solving the problem of providing the population with animal fats and protein, but every year the situation with the labor resources in rural areas becomes more complicated.

Analytical support of the main trends in the development of the livestock industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Elena Kostyukova ◽  
Alexander Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Livestock Products

Agriculture is the most important area of economic activity for the production of products and services in order to provide the population with quality food, industry with raw materials and promote sustainable development of rural areas. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the rate of agricultural development, which is lagging behind the growth rate of the Russian economy as a whole. Structural changes in the agro-industrial complex have not produced significant positive results, which is caused by a number of reasons. One of the directions of agricultural policy in Russia is the accelerated development of animal husbandry and increasing the competitiveness of domestic livestock products in the domestic market. The state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food provides for a set of measures for the priority development of animal husbandry. Implementation of these measures requires improved management in order to increase the efficiency of livestock production. The article considers aspects of the formation of accounting and analytical support for management of the livestock industry, economic and statistical analysis of trends and structural changes in the livestock industry. The best practices of Russian scientists in the field of accounting and agricultural Economics are summarized

scholarly journals Current state and development trends of livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
S. M. Yessengaliyeva ◽  
M. A. Mansurova ◽  
A. D. Makhmudov ◽  
L. V. Fedorchenko
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the current state of the animal husbandry industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of regions. The indicators of the dynamics of the number of livestock of farm animals for the period 2015-2019 by regions, indicators of productivity in the industry, indicators of the volume of production of meat products are analyzed. The dynamics and structure of costs in the country’s livestock industry are also considered.Today, one of the most pressing problems in the development of the agro-industrial complex is the low level of labor productivity due to low automation and digitalization of technological processes. The need to meet the demand for livestock products in the domestic market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to increase its export resources, poses a challenge for Kazakhstani science and practice to develop, scientifically substantiate and master modern technologies for the production of low-cost, environmentally friendly, competitive products of the industry. They should be resource-saving, aimed at maximizing the use and improvement of the genetic potential of farmed farm animals, adapted to the specific natural and economic conditions of the regions of the republic. The development and mastering of such technologies will make it possible to weaken the negative impact of the industry on the environment, reduce the cost of material resources, and effectively use the available land and water resources [5].The main problems hindering the effective development of the country’s livestock industry are identified. The promising strategic directions for the development of this industry have been determined. From the point of view of experts of the financial organization, the country has good potential and opportunities to export its beef and pork to China, and the lamb of the Edilbay sheep breed to the countries of the Middle East.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for implementing state policy in the development of animal husbandry in european countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Alexander Lavruk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Effective Development

Attention is drawn to the fact that the livestock industry occupies a leading place not only in the economy of many European countries, but also is crucial in ensuring their food security. Foreign experience of revival and development of the livestock industry is considered. It is indicated that an important component of ensuring the stable development of each country, the life of society and the livestock industry is state policy. The role of state policy of European countries and mechanisms for its implementation in this important process are defined. It is established that the state policy measures of various European countries focus on the development of programs for state assistance to the development of farms in order to increase their competitive ability, financial support for their producers and provide various types of resources. At the stage of developing a state policy and for the purpose of its effective implementation, a system of means, tools and methods is determined by which the policy implementation mechanism is formed. Common features in the development of animal husbandry in different European countries are identified and its features are highlighted. Taking into account global trends, priority areas for the development of such sub-sectors of animal husbandry as cattle breeding, pig breeding, and sheep breeding are identified. It is noted that for the further effective development of Agriculture and the maintenance of animal husbandry in the most vulnerable rural areas, an important role is played by state regulation mechanisms aimed at social security of existing producers, especially young farmers in areas where agriculture is their main source of income. It is proposed to continue creating appropriate conditions for the full entry of animal husbandry into efficient production and full provision of the domestic market with high-quality, competitive, environmentally friendly livestock products.

scholarly journals Immunobiotechnological methods for the determination of antibiotics in food

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
A.K. Bulashev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Rapid Tests ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Cis Countries

In veterinary practice, a large list of antibiotics is used as therapeutic and/or prophylactic agents.Some of them are used as stimulators of the growth and productivity of animals.However, non-observance of the rules for the use of antibiotics and / or timing of slaughter or obtaining milk leads to the intake of a residual amount of antibiotics into the human body with food and can cause various pathologies. The article provides an overview of research papers published in peer-reviewed journals from 2015 to the present on the development and improvement of methods for testing milk and meat for antibiotics. Based on the literature review and the results of his own study, the author of the article notes the advantages of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) options over instrumental analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. However, due to the complexity of the analysis procedure, ELISA kits are not used in food safety laboratories in the Republic of Kazakhstan and other CIS countries. The article describes the state and prospects for the development of simple rapid tests to determine the maximum residue limit (MRL) for antibiotics in livestock products, based on the use of Lateral Flow Assay (LFA). Such tests, not inferior in their sensitivity to ELISA and surpassing it in cost, could be used not only in laboratory conditions, but also directly by food consumers, which will contribute to reliable protection of public health and the development of animal husbandry.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURAL TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Дафик Хафизов ◽  
Dafik Khafizov ◽  
Марсель Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Agricultural Tourism

The article reflects the main statistical aspects characterizing the state of the modern market economy and the tourist industry. The dynamics of tourism development in Russia is analyzed, the potential of which is revealed on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The place of rural tourism in the development of rural areas is promoted, which contributes to the improvement of accomplishment of settlements, the development of engineering and social infrastructure; creation of new jobs; reduction of the level of unemployment in rural areas, growth of incomes of rural residents, development of small business, as well as increasing the ecological attractiveness of rural areas; increase the cultural and cognitive level of the rural population; replenishment of local budgets with additional funds. The problems of organization and cooperation in rural tourism have been identified, which impede the effective use of the tourist destination space. The most acute of them are: the underestimation of the importance of rural tourism in solving a number of national and regional problems, such as the preservation of small settlements, the cultural and historical heritage of the territories, rural life, increasing incomes, improving the living conditions of the rural population, streamlining the use of natural objects ; the absence of a national concept and a well-defined national policy for the development of rural tourism; acute shortage of financial and credit resources, difficulties in obtaining land for these purposes; inadequate degree of regulation of issues of interaction between hosts of guest houses with state, controlling, tax authorities.

scholarly journals Analysis of the prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-325
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Desert Zone

The article analyzes the problems of the development of alternative energy sources in the energy system of Kazakhstan and substantiates the prospects for their introduction in small settlements located in the desert zone. The principles of operation of wind and solar installations used in the territory of Kazakhstan, including in rural settlements, are described. A comparison of the current statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries for 2019-2020 is carried out. in the field of the introduction of renewable energy. The possibilities of introducing alternative energy sources in Kazakhstan are considered, subject to the application of flexible tariff mechanisms, state priority when reserving territories for the construction of renewable energy facilities.

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