EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA (CHRISTM) SWINGLE PEEL EXTRACT IN ATTENUATING DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL MODELS

Citrus aurantifolia is a very common, and widely cultivated and consumed for its antioxidant properties due to its robust flavonoids content. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antibiotic broadly used in the treatment of different types of solid tumours, but its use also comes at a cost, organ toxicity. The curative and preventive properties of Citrus aurantifolia peel extract (CAPE) in doxorubicininduced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats were evaluated. Thirty female rats were divided into six groups of five (5) rats each in both curative and preventive studies. In curative study, five groups of rats (II – VI) received Doxorubicin (mixed with normal saline, 15 mg/kg body weight i.p) on day one, 24 hours after, graded doses of CAPE and alpha-lipoic acid (A.L.A.) were administered to groups II- V and VI respectively for 7 consecutive days. For the prophylactic study, groups II – V and VI received graded doses of CAPE and A.L.A. respectively, 24 hours after Doxorubicin was administered to groups II-VI. Groups treated with D.W. and A.L.A. were used as a negative and positive control, respectively Liver enzymes such as A.S.T., A.L.T. and A.L.P., including liver samples, were examined for histopathological changes. A significant reduction (p< 0.05) in serum A.S.T. and A.L.T. levels was observed in animals treated with CAPE 200 and 400mg/kg in the preventive study, while in curative, a significant reduction in an expected rise in serum A.S.T., A.L.T. and A.L.P. (p<0.05) was observed in animals treated with CAPE 400mg/kg when compared to the group treated with DOX + distilled water. Hepatocellular necrosis was observed in the histology of DOX- distilled water treated group. Besides, the hepatocytes of groups treated with CAPE (200 and 400mg/kg) in this study showed narrow foci of mild vacuolar change as compared with groups treated with the lowest dose of CAPE (100mg.kg) and distilled water, which revealed random foci of mild vacuolar change. This study has provided information that DOX damaged liver tissue due to an increase in liver enzymes and histopathological results showing tissue damaged in groups treated with lower doses of CAPE and distilled water. This study further demonstrates that groups treated with CAPE 200, 400 mg/kg and A.L.A. protect hepatic damage induced by DOX.

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Modulatory effects of l-carnitine on tamoxifen toxicity and oncolytic activity

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327113506237 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

pp. 968-979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AB Ibrahim ◽

HH Mansour ◽

SA Shouman ◽

AA Eissa ◽

SM Abu El Nour

Keyword(s):

Antitumor Effect ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Lipid Peroxides ◽

Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽

Treated Group ◽

Female Rats ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Group I

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of l-carnitine (l-CAR) in tamoxifen (TAM)-induced toxicity and antitumor activity. Adult female rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was served as control, groups II and III were treated with TAM (10 mg/kg, periorally) and l-CAR (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), respectively, while group IV was treated with both compounds. The treatment continued daily for 28 days. Administration of TAM resulted in significant increase in serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and bilirubin level. TAM produced a significant increase in lipid peroxides (LPO) level and nonsignificant change in nitrogen oxide (NO( x)) level accompanied with significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of hepatic and uterus tissues and significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) content of uterus tissue. Administration of l-CAR for 1 h prior to TAM treatment decreased serum lipids and liver enzymes significantly and significantly increased SOD activity in liver and uterus tissues compared with TAM-treated group. Furthermore, it restored LPO and GSH levels and increased NO( x) level in uterus tissue. DNA fragmentation and the apoptotic marker, caspase-3, were not detected in the liver of all treated groups. Histopathologically, alterations in the liver and uterus structures after TAM treatment, which was attenuated after l-CAR administration. The antitumor effect and survival of the combined treatment of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice was less than each one alone. l-CAR interestingly increased survival rate of EAC-bearing mice more than TAM-treated group. In conclusion, l-CAR has beneficial effects regarding TAM toxicity; however, it interferes with its antitumor effect.

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The effect of dexamethasone on mucosal immunity of uterine tissue during pregnancy in rat

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2019.01.1013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 75-84

Keyword(s):

Early Pregnancy ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Early Period ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Treated Group ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Uterine Tissue ◽

Leukocytic Infiltration

Disturbances in early pregnancy immunity affect embryo development, endometrial receptivity, placental development, fetal growth and lead to subfertility, dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for treatment of various complications. Immune cells and cytokines were examined during the early pregnancy in twenty-four female rats and six male rats for mating. Rats were grouped into two group control and dexamethasone treated by a dose of 50µgm/kgm body weight daily starting from one week before mating and persisted for one week after pregnancy. Blood samples were collected from each rat at 5hrs and at 1,3,7 day of pregnancy. Extracted RNA was subjected to real time PCR to determine mRNA levels for immune related genes interleukin1a(IL1A) and interleukin 10(IL10). Histopathological examination was done to uterus in order to detect leukocyte infiltration in uterine tissue. Results showed that significant increase in white blood cell count mainly eosinophil at 5hrs and lymphocyte at three and seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Moreover, TNF, C-reactive protein and progesterone were increased mainly at seven day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. Similarly, interleukin 1alpha and interleukin 10 significantly increased at 5hrs and one day of pregnancy of dexamethasone treated group. In contrast, serum levels of total antioxidant capacity and estrogen were decreased significantly at 5hrs and seven day in dexamethasone treated group. Histopathological examination of uterus revealed leukocytic infiltration especially neutrophil and few eosinophils at five hours and one day of gestation then eosinophil become absent at 3day and seven day of dexamethasone group. Epithelial height and uterine gland diameter significantly increased at 5hrs, three day and seven days of gestation of dexamethasone treated group. The present investigation demonstrated that using of dexamethasone by dose of 50µgm/kgm during early pregnancy had a conflicting impact on some immune cytokines and parameters and may reflect a harmful response of immune system toward early period of pregnancy

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Preparation and Biochemical Evaluation of Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Punica granatum Extract

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407214666180530095912 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 138-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed A. Haroun ◽

Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa ◽

Samia M.M. Mohafrash

Keyword(s):

Liver Enzymes ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Functionalized Mwcnts ◽

Peel Extract

Background: Funcionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNTs) were used for the preparation of therapeutic nanoparticles for delivery of some bioactive compounds. Consequently, this work deals with the preparation of grafted MWCNTs with n-vinyl caprolactam in the presence of pomegranate peel extract (P. granatum), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or silver nanoparticeles and their toxic effects on male mice using in vivo biological examination (liver and kidney dysfunction biomarkers) and the histopathological analysis. Methods: P. granatum extract was immobilized onto functionalized MWCNTs using simple adsorption technique. Moreover, The prepared materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM). In vivo examination using liver and kidney dysfunction biomarkers was investigated. In addition, the histopathological study was carried out. Results: The ox-MWCNTs induced significant elevation in the liver enzymes including AST, ALT and ALP relative to the control group. While, the treatment with P. granatum extract only did not induce any change in the liver and kidney biomarkers. In other words, P. granatum extract loaded onto functionalized MWCNTs showed low effects on liver enzymes and kidney function biomarkers in the treated mice in comparison with ox-MWCNTs and extract separately. Moreover, histopathological analysis revealed that the P. granatum extract functionalized MWCNTs exhibited normal renal tissue with no histopathological alteration. Conclusion: The grafted MWCNTs with n-vinyl caprolactam in the presence of pomegranate peel extract (P. granatum), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and/or silver nanoparticeles were successfully prepared. SEM-micrographs showed complete coating of MWCNTs fiber with the extract. The prepared materials resulted in no toxic effects and the histopathological findings were confirmed by inflammation of the liver and kidney tissues.

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Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antioxidant Properties of Anacardic Acid in Experimental Models

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.0c01775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (31) ◽

pp. 19506-19515

Author(s):

Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior ◽

Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽

Lucas Antonio Duarte Nicolau ◽

Luan Kevin Miranda de Souza ◽

Tiago de Souza Lopes Araújo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Anacardic Acid ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Diuretic activity of the bark of Eysenhardtia polystachya

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i1.24659 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 212 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saudy Saret Pablo-Pérez ◽

María Mirian Estévez-Carmona ◽

María Estela Meléndez-Camargo

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Treated Group ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Electrolyte Balance ◽

Urinary Flow ◽

Diuretic Activity ◽

Sodium And Potassium ◽

Different Doses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic activity of Eysenhardtia polystachya bark aqueous extract at different doses in a rat model. Different doses of E. polystachya (125, 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight), furosemide (4 mg/kg) and vehicle were administered per os to female rats (n=6 animals per group). After 6 hours in metabolic cages, the effect on urinary flow, glomerular ﬁltration rate and electrolyte balance of sodium and potassium were assessed in all animals. E. polystachya at the doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg induced diuretic activity, since markedly increased (p<0.05) the urinary flow rate, similar to that of furosemide treated group. Only the dose of 750 mg/kg produced an increment in urinary excretion of sodium but not of potassium compared with control group. These findings indicate that E. polystachya bark-induced diuretic activity, providing evidence for its folkloric use.

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A Comparative Analysis of the Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Appliance and Trephine Bur for Apical Location: An In Vitro Study

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11101034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1034

Author(s):

Esther Cáceres Madroño ◽

Paulina Rodríguez Torres ◽

Soraya Oussama ◽

Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽

María Bufalá Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Study Groups ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Site Preparation ◽

T Test ◽

Entry Point ◽

Osteotomy Site ◽

End Point ◽

Planning Software ◽

Preparation Techniques

To compare and contrast the accuracy of piezoelectric ultrasonic insert (PUI) and trephine bur (TB) osteotomy site preparation techniques for apical location. (1) Material and methods: A total of 138 osteotomy site preparations were randomly distributed into one of two study groups. Group A: TB technique (n = 69) and B: PUI technique (n = 69). A preoperative cone-beam computed tomography scan and an intraoral scan were performed and uploaded to implant-planning software to plan the virtual osteotomy site preparations for apical location. Subsequently, the osteotomy site preparations were performed in the experimental models with both osteotomy site preparation techniques and a postoperative CBCT scan was performed and uploaded into the implant-planning software and matched with the virtually planned osteotomy site preparations to measure the deviation angle and horizontal deviation as captured at the coronal entry point and apical end-point between osteotomy site preparations using Student’s t-test statistical analysis. (2) Results: The paired t-test found statistically significant differences at the coronal entry-point deviations (p = 0.0104) and apical end-point deviations (p = 0.0104) between the TB and PUI study groups; however, no statistically significant differences were found in the angular deviations (p = 0.309) between the trephine bur and piezoelectric ultrasonic insert study groups. (3) Conclusions: The results showed that the TB is more accurate than the PUI for apical location.

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The Enhanced Beneficial Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Over Evening Primrose Oil on Oxidative Stress, and Liver Function in Male Arthritic Rats

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i32a31712 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 14-26

Author(s):

Mohamed A. Kandeil ◽

Sana’a O. Ebrahim ◽

Basant M. Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Oxidative Stress ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Male Rats ◽

Evening Primrose Oil ◽

Evening Primrose

Aims: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the onset of oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the enhancing of extra virgin olive (EVOO) and Evening primrose oil (EPO) on oxidative stress and liver enzymes in male Wistar rats and compare between them. Place and Duration: Faculty of Science biochemistry department, Between July 2018 and August 2018. Methodology: A Subcutaneous injection of 200 µl of Freund's complete adjuvant into a footpad of the right hind leg of Wistar male rats at two consecutive days induced RA. Rats received EVOO and EPO daily by oral gavage needle with gauge 18 at doses of 5 mg/kg b.wt./day. for 10 and 21 days. No loss was recorded in the experimental rats. Results: A significant depletion in serum Reduced glutathione content (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione s transferase activities (GST) in arthritic rats compared to normal rats after 10 and 21 days of induction which improved significantly after 10 and 21 days of EPO and EVOO treatments. EPO and EVOO treatments for 21 days increased the GSH and GPX compared to 10 days treatments while no difference in GST activity. EVOO treatment improved GSH and GPX after 10 and 21 days than EPO treatment. The elevated uric acid levels in arthritic rats were markedly ameliorated as a result of EVOO and EPO treatment administration. Increased lipid peroxidation products (MDA), rheumatoid factor, and liver enzyme (Alanine transaminase ALT and Aspartate transaminase AST) were recorded in arthritic rats and they significantly progressed after EPO and EVOO treatments for 10 and 21 days but EVOO had the best effect at 21 days. Conclusion: EVOO and EPO showed significant antioxidant efficacies and improved affected liver enzymes due to rheumatoid arthritis onset. When comparing olive oil has more antioxidant properties than evening primrose oil, so we recommend more studies on olive oil combination with anti-arthritic medications to improve their efficacies with less toxicity.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SPRAY BAU KAKI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) DENGAN VARIASI Gelling agent TERHADAP BAKTERI Bacillus subtilis

JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung ◽

10.37090/jfl.v9i1.327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26

Author(s):

Ade Maria Ulfa ◽

◽

Nofita Nofita ◽

Bangun Saras Sandi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

Apocrine Glands ◽

Citrus Aurantifolia ◽

Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Bacterium Bacillus ◽

Lime Peel ◽

Peel Extract

ABSTRACT Sweat is produced by the apocrine glands, if infected by bacteria that play a role in the decay process will certainly produce foot odor. Some of the bacteria that cause, including Staphylococcus epidermis, Corynebacterium acne and there is one bacterium that causes pungent foot odor that is Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis enzyme leucine dehydrogenase produced the highest, resulting in isovaleric acid foot odor. Lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) has the potential to be developed for the antibacterial active ingredient of foot odor contained in tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Spray can be effective for inhibition of feet due to water fleas or bacterial infections. The purpose of this research is to test the inhibitory zone of the preparation of foot odor spray ethanol extract of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) with variations of gelling agent. Bacterial inhibition zone testing on extracts of lime peel spray preparations using the disc method. This test was carried out on spray with extract concentration of 0% extract base carbopol, 0% extract base HPMC, 0.2% extract base carbopol, 0.2% extract base HPMC, 0.4% extract base carbopol, 0.4% extract base HPMC and positive control with an average inhibition zone of 9,13 mm, 9,12 mm, 11,86 mm, 11,29 mm, 13,17 mm, 12,30 mm, 8,13 mm against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Antibacterial test results were analyzed using ONE WAY ANOVA, the results of statistical analysis on the preparation of lime peel extract showed a significant inhibition zone difference of 0.000 (P = <0.05) between all concentrations. Lime peel extract spray is effective in inhibiting the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Key words: Sweat of foot odor, Lime skin (Citrus aurantifolia), Spray, bacteri Bacillus subtilis

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Melatonin enhances porcine embryo development via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-19-0093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 175-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eui Hyun Kim ◽

Geon A Kim ◽

Anukul Taweechaipaisankul ◽

Seok Hee Lee ◽

Muhammad Qasim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Specific Inhibitor ◽

Treated Group ◽

Related Factor ◽

Porcine Embryo ◽

Responsive Element

Oxidative stress (OS) is a major problem during in vitro culture of embryos. Numerous studies have shown that melatonin, which is known to have antioxidant properties, prevents the occurrence of OS in embryos. However, the molecular mechanisms by which melatonin prevents OS in embryos are still unclear. The present study suggests a possible involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant-responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway, which is one of the prominent signals for OS prevention through Nrf2 activation, connecting melatonin, OS prevention and porcine embryonic development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin (10−7 M) on porcine embryonic development via the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway; brusatol (50 nM; Nrf2 specific inhibitor) was used to validate the mechanism. Treatment of porcine embryo with melatonin significantly increased formation rates of blastocysts and their total cell numbers and also upregulated the expression of Nrf2/ARE signaling and apoptosis-related genes (MT2, NRF2, UCHL, HO-1, SOD1 and BCL-2). Furthermore, the expression of proteins (NRF2 and MT2) was also upregulated in the melatonin-treated group. Concomitantly, brusatol significantly inhibited these effects, upregulating the expression of KEAP1 and BAX, including the expression level of KEAP1 protein. These results provide evidences that melatonin prevents OS through Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in porcine in vitro fertilization -derived embryos.

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Toxic Effects of Aluminium on Female Reproductive System in Presence of Ethanol Coexposure

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00660 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3809-3815

Author(s):

Buddhadeb Ghosh ◽

Ravi Kant Sharma ◽

Suman Yadav ◽

Ankita Randev

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Granulosa Cells ◽

Reproductive Toxicity ◽

Concomitant Administration ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Treated Group ◽

Female Rats ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Combined Administration ◽

Increasing Trends

Both aluminium and ethanol are pro-oxidants and toxic. Uncontrolled use of aluminium and increasing trends of ethanol consumption in India increased the chance of coexposure to aluminium and ethanol. There are possibilities, that both of them follow common mechanisms to produce reproductive toxicity. The present study was planned to identify the effects of aluminium administration on the microscopic structure of ovary and to clarify any possible protection conferred by the concomitant administration of ethanol. Sixteen female rats divided into one control and three experimental groups exposed to aluminium (4.2mg/kg body weight) and ethanol (1gm/kg body weight) for 3 months. After the exposure period, ovaries were processed for light microscopic examination. Ovary showed significant atretic follicles with degenerated ova and vacuolation. Rupture of zona pellucida in oocyte seen in aluminium treated animals. Ethanol treated group showing absence of growing follicles, increased large corpora lutea. Dilated and congested vessels were observed in the growing follicle. The effects of combined administration of aluminium and ethanol treated groups showed with acute degeneration of growing follicles, with desquamation of pyknotic granulosa cells and degenerated oocyte. Multiple vacuoles of degenerated granulosa cells with dilated congested vessels and edema seen. Hyaline material seen inside the degenerating follicles. It has been suggested that the ethanol induced augmentation of impacts of aluminium on the Ovary.

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