scholarly journals Promising directions of laboratory diagnostics in spores and fitness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
H. M. Zaharodny ◽  
N. V. Sherash ◽  
A. N. Budko ◽  
N. V. Shvedova
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Promising Direction ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Effective Science ◽  
Diagnostic Work

The article describes the main biomarkers for determining human adaptation to physical activity. Analyzed modern scientific publications on the criteria of individual tolerance of food products, studied promising directions of personalized correction of the diet. The authors have formed a group of valid (sports-specific) laboratory indicators, it is proposed to pay close attention to the reference values of laboratory equipment that have “their own” norms. A promising direction of laboratory diagnostic work is the formation of reliable and accessible complementary criteria that are at the “junction” of functional and instrumental diagnostic methods. Metabolomics is viewed as a young but highly effective science for detecting highly specific metabolic characteristics of human health. The authors proposed the main directions of scientific research in laboratory diagnostics in sports.

Possibilities of cytological diagnostics in gynecology. Human papillomavirus as an interdisciplinary problem

2022 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger ◽  
◽  
Irina Yurievna Lepina ◽  
Marina Nikolaevna Bagdasaryan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Cytological Diagnostics

The article presents an analysis of current information on the etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis of human papillomavirus. It is shown that at the current stage of development of laboratory diagnostics there is a reliable screening test — cytological examination of smears taken from the ecto- and endocervix. To diagnose HPV, a combination of microscopic (cytological studies) and molecular genetic (PCR) diagnostic methods is used.

scholarly journals The opportunities of social diagnostic methods’ application in modern pedagogical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Liliia Kononenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Social Pedagogue ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

The attempt to expand the traditional academic ideas about diagnostics in social work has been made, in particular the selection of social diagnostic methods, the purposes of their application, professional situations and focus groups in which these methods can be applied.The research determines the opportunities of application social diagnostics in pedagogical practice, to identify the optimal methods of social diagnostics and the conditions in which it is advisable to apply this type of diagnostic by professional participants of the educational process.Other methods have been proposed in addition to the classic list of social diagnostic methods, such as interlocution, interviews and surveys of all types; they are unpopular in modern social and socio-pedagogical work, but due to their accessibility, validity, ease of processing and in formativeness can be used even by recent graduates. These include a genogram, a family sociogram, as well as an eco-map, the map of social environment and the map of social contacts.The viability of applying social diagnostic methods in a teacher’s daily practice for preventing, revealing and solving social problems has been determined.During the investigation, the author concludes that social diagnostic is the most significant technique among many universal ones that a social worker/social pedagogue can use in his/her work. The optimal location for diagnostic work is an educational institution. It provides quick access to the client base with the widest range, allows you to work with clients in the system of social relations, enables diagnostic work with less motivational pressure, covers relationships with parents/families and facilitates their involvement in preventive work

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SUBCLINICAL FORMS OF HORMONAL-ACTIVE ADRENAL TUMORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
P. N. Romashchenko ◽  
N. A. Maistrenko ◽  
S. G. Bliumina ◽  
A. M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Adrenal Tumors ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Catecholamine Metabolites ◽  
In Blood Plasma

The increased incidence of accidental revealing adrenal tumors in radiation studies requires further improvement of laboratory diagnostic methods for the timely detection of their latent hormonal activity and malignancy potential, as well as the determination of strategic therapeutic approaches. The aim of the work was to evaluate the capabilities of modern laboratory diagnostics in verification of latent forms of hormone-active adrenal tumors to determine further treatment tactics. The study included 207 (14.9%) of 1390 patients in whom the hormones precursors of steroidogenesis and catecholamine metabolites were studied in blood plasma by liquid chromatography, as well as tumor markers. These patients were divided into a group of subclinical forms of hormone-active NP tumors (n = 173) and a group of truly hormone-inactive formations (n=34). It has been established that pre-aldosteroma is characterized with an increase of corticosterone (8.1±3.4 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (12.3±3.0 ng/ml), 18-hydroxycorticosterone (5.4±1,4 ng/ml) in blood. For pre-corticosteroma: increased cortisol (119.2±16.1 ng/ml), 11-deoxycortisol (11.5±1.9 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (12.8±2.1 ng/ml), the ratio of cortisol/cortisone (9.1±1.6 ng/ml) in blood. The presence of «silent» pheochromocytoma was confirmed by an increase of blood free methanephrine (105.0±27.1 ng/ml) and normetanephrine (196.0±43.6 ng/ml), as well as chromogranin A (223.3±15.3 pg/ml). The latent forms of adrenocortical cancer were characterized by an increase in blood dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (45.2±3.9 μmol/L), cancer embryo antigen (9.8±1.2 ng/ml), vascular endothelial growth factor (1122.0±24.5 ng/ml), IL-6 (95.4±1.8 pg/ml), 11-deoxycortisol (21.8±4.5 ng/ml), 11-deoxycorticosterone (4.2±3.2 ng/ml). All 173 patients with hormone-active NP tumors, as well as 30 (88.2%) with large (6.5±2.0 cm) hormone-inactive formations with the presence of compression syndrome, underwent adrenalectomy. Determination of the precursors of steroidogenesis and catecholamine metabolites in blood plasma by liquid chromatography can reliably identify the functional activity of adrenal tumors and determine their malignant potential, as well as substantiate indications for timely surgical treatment.

scholarly journals THERMAL CAPACITY OF ENRICHED FUEL BRIQUETS PRODUCED FROM THE FINE OF EKIBASTUS COAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Ye.S. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
A.V. Bogomolov ◽  
P.O. Bykov ◽  
A.B. Kuandikov
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Aluminum Electrolysis ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Petroleum Pitch ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Or Methodology

The object of research or development: The object of the research work was coal fines and processes of enrichment of Ekibastuz coal to produce fuel briquettes with increased calorific value and less ash content. Objective: Research, scientific substantiation of technology for obtaining high-calorific coal briquettes from fines of Ekibastuz coal using various binders and the possibility of further coking, designing and manufacturing equipment for the implementation of technology. Method or methodology of the work: The standard methods of theoretical and experimental research widely used in metallurgy, machine building, computer systems, etc. were used in the work. The results of the work and their novelty: The characteristics of briquettes on bio-binding and on petroleum pitch with enrichers in the form of rubber-technical soot and anode dust of electrolysers for aluminum production have been established. It is revealed that the calorific value of briquettes is higher than that of Ekibastuz coal(Pavlodar region) by 20-40%, and the heating value is the highest for briquettes with an enrichment agent in the form of anode dust and a binder in the form of petroleum pitch (-NH combustion = 6840.8 kcal / kg). The structures of the soot separator, sorting and sifting equipment, mixing laboratory equipment, the mouthend briquetting press, the briquetting press and the screw mixer with the heater have been designed. Based on the results of the research, the project manager and co-authors published 15 scientific publications, patents and theses of international conferences. Application area: Briquettes for bio-binding can be used as fuel for combustion in centralized village boiler houses, private houses and farms. Briquettes on petroleum pitch with an enrichment agent in the form of anodic dust of aluminum electrolysis can be used as industrial briquettes for further use in metallurgy. Forecasting assumptions about the development of the object of research: Further studies are required to assess the feasibility of using industrial briquettes for coking and use in metallurgy, the manufacture of laboratory and research equipment to further commercialize the project.

scholarly journals A look at the problem of exposure of the population caused by X-ray diagnostics: approaches to analysis and forecasting

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
A.I.  Sevalnev ◽  
A.V. Kutsak ◽  
L.P. Sharavara ◽  
Yu.V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Dose Load ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Exposure ◽  
Radiological Studies

The article is devoted to the analysis of limitation of dose load on the population as a result of radiological researches. It is especially actual and represents rather high scientific and practical interest. In this regard, it is very important to have information about the state of the dose load of the population in separate regions and to rank types of diagnostics by the amount of their contribution to the total dose of medical exposure. The aim of the work was to study the state of dose load of the population of Zaporizhzhia region due to X-ray diagnostics, to develop approaches to analysis and forecasting regarding its limitation. Analytical, statistical calculation and logical generalization methods were used in the course of the work. We used the results of studies carried out in accordance with the regional “Program for the Protection of the Population of Zaporizhzhia Region from the Effect of Ionizing Radiation. The authors analyzed scientific publications (15 sources), including 9 Ukrainian and 6 foreign on the relevance of the problem of exposure of the population caused by X-ray diagnostics. The analysis of the results allowed to determine that in 2010-2014 the radiation dose of the population of Zaporizhzhia region due to X-ray diagnostics averaged 0.92 mSv year-1, in 2015-2016 the dose increased and amounted to 0.96 mSv year-1. The proposed approach to the analysis makes it possible to summarize and model data on radiological studies of the population over a long period of time, to identify persistent trends in the contribution of different types of radiation diagnostics to the dose of medical radiation. All this is necessary for the development, first of all, of measures to reduce the frequency of radiography, its replacement by other diagnostic methods. Priority tasks aimed at reducing the dose load of the population due to X-ray examinations are proposed.

scholarly journals Beyond Fever and Pain: Diagnostic Methods for Chikungunya Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muktha S. Natrajan ◽  
Alejandra Rojas ◽  
Jesse J. Waggoner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
The Tropics

ABSTRACT Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that is primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes. Though reports of an illness consistent with chikungunya date back over 200 years, CHIKV only gained worldwide attention during a massive pandemic that began in East Africa in 2004. Chikungunya, the clinical illness caused by CHIKV, is characterized by a rapid onset of high fever and debilitating joint pain, though in practice, etiologic confirmation of CHIKV requires the availability and use of specific laboratory diagnostics. Similar to infections caused by other arboviruses, CHIKV infections are most commonly detected with a combination of molecular and serological methods, though cell culture and antigen detection are reported. This review provides an overview of available CHIKV diagnostics and highlights aspects of basic virology and epidemiology that pertain to viral detection. Although the number of chikungunya cases has decreased since 2014, CHIKV has become endemic in countries across the tropics and will continue to cause sporadic outbreaks in naive individuals. Consistent access to accurate diagnostics is needed to detect individual cases and initiate timely responses to new outbreaks.

Toward Flow Cytometry Based Platelet Function Diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar van Asten ◽  
Roger Schutgens ◽  
Rolf Urbanus
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Platelet Function Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

AbstractThe laboratory diagnostics of (inherited) platelet function disorders mainly comprises aggregation and secretion assays, which may be suitable for diagnosing some specific severe platelet function disorders, but are not reliable enough for diagnosing mild platelet function disorders or disorders associated with low platelet count. Flow cytometric assessment of platelet reactivity will expectedly provide additional value during the diagnostic work-up of platelet function disorders because it only requires a small volume of whole blood and allows the measurement of platelet function in thrombocytopenic samples. Flow cytometry has frequently been used to evaluate platelet function in the research setting, and therefore, these assays will require clinical validation before they can be used as routine diagnostic tools. The main challenge in the validation of innovative platelet function diagnostic tests is the lack of a gold standard test for mild platelet function disorders. This review aims to address the many applications of flow cytometry in the current diagnostic work-up of platelet function testing and to discuss the challenges in introducing new tools for diagnosing platelet function disorders.

scholarly journals Hemorrhagic colitis syndrome in children: the etiological structure in the infectious diseases clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
O. V. Molochkova ◽  
O. B. Kovalev ◽  
O. V. Shamsheva ◽  
A. A. Sakharova ◽  
N. V. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Hemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mesenteric Adenitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The range of differential diagnostic search in the development of hemorrhagic colitis (hemocolitis) is wide enough and includes infectious and non-infectious factors. Purpose: clinical, laboratory and etiological analysis of bacterial diarrhea occurring with hemorrhagic colitis in the infectious diseases department.Materials and methods: a retrospective study of 141 case histories of those hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the2 Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9 named after G.N. Speransky of Moscow in 2019—2021 patients with clinical picture of hemocolitis. Hemocolitis was determined on the basis of macroscopic and microscopic signs (in scatology — mucus, leukocytes, erythrocytes) signs. All patients underwent routine laboratory examinations. The etiology was verified using modern methods of laboratory diagnostics (bacteriological analysis of feces, Latex test, ICA, ELISA, PCR, IHR).Results. There were 137 patients with infectious hemocolitis. Inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed in 3 children, anus fissure — in 1 child. Young children under 3 years of age prevailed (77%). The etiology of infectious hemocolitis was deciphered in 47 patients (34%). Salmonellosis (36%) and shigellosis (36%) prevailed. Campylobacteriosis, clostridiosis-dificile and klebsiellosis accounted for 11%, 9% and 6% of cases, respectively. Yersiniosis was detected in 1 child at the age of 5 months. The severe form was found in 5.8% of cases, in most cases with shigellosis. Symptoms of intoxication and febrile fever were expressed in all patients, vomiting — in 28.5%, abdominal pain — in 94%, mesenteric adenitis on ultrasound — in 15%, diarrhea with a frequency of more than 5 times a day — in 84%, dehydration — in 64%, intercurrent diseases (ARVI, pneumonia) — in 41.3% of cases. Inflammatory changes in infectious hemocolitis were manifested by an increase in C-reactive protein in 71% (23.91 ± 24.17 mg/l), leukocytosis — in 69% (11.58 ± 3.52 х103 / μl), thrombocytosis — in 26%, an increase in the relative number of stab neutrophils in the general blood test in 78% of cases (10.95 ± 0.4%).Conclusions. Differential diagnostic search in the development of hemocolitis should include modern diagnostic methods, if necessary, additional instrumental studies and specialist consultations to exclude inflammatory bowel diseases.

scholarly journals Rapid, reliable, and cheap point-of-care bulk testing for SARS-CoV-2 by combining hybridization capture with improved colorimetric LAMP (Cap-iLAMP)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Bokelmann ◽  
Olaf Nickel ◽  
Tomislav Maricic ◽  
Svante Paabo ◽  
Matthias Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Hybridization Capture ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
High Level

Efforts to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 have spurred the need for reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic methods which can easily be applied to large numbers of people. However, current standard protocols for the detection of viral nucleic acids while sensitive, require a high level of automation, sophisticated laboratory equipment and trained personnel to achieve throughputs that allow whole communities to be tested on a regular basis. Here we present Cap-iLAMP (capture and improved loop-mediated isothermal amplification). This method combines a hybridization capture-based RNA extraction of non-invasive gargle lavage samples to concentrate samples and remove inhibitors with an improved colorimetric RT-LAMP assay and smartphone-based color scoring. Cap-iLAMP is compatible with point-of-care testing and enables the detection of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in less than one hour. In contrast to direct addition of the sample to improved LAMP (iLAMP), Cap-iLAMP does not result in false positives and single infected samples can be detected in a pool among 25 uninfected samples, thus reducing the technical cost per test to ~1 Euro per individual.

Current methods of radiation diagnostics of traumatic bone injuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Igor A. Khokhlov ◽  
Ekaterina S. Milovanova
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Selection Of

The use of the latest digital technologies has contributed to the discovery of opportuni-ties for medicine based on earlier and detailed detection of pathological changes, which, in turn, has allowed to increase the effectiveness of the diagnostic process, improve treatment results and further prognosis. The progress of radiation diagnostics primarily contributed to the development of such a discipline as traumatology. The improvement of diagnostic algorithms, an integrated ap-proach to the selection of radiation examination methods made it possible to more fully examine patients with complex fractures, determine the nature of injuries, and choose the correct tactics and scope of surgery. The presented research provides an overview of current diagnostic methods used in traumatology and orthopedics, from classical radiography to the most modern imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance, computer tomography, scintigraphy. We gave examples of using different methods of research in detecting injuries of musculoskeletal system, carried out their comparative analysis, considered issues of combined use of several diagnostic methods, presented data on positive and negative aspects of their application, analyzed effectiveness of results. We obtained material for the analysis and writing of the literary review from scientific electronic databases: eLIBRARY, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, RFFI Library, data from scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors. The depth of the search for literary sources was the period from 2008 to 2019.

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