scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of stem of Conocarpus lancifolius

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-636
Author(s):  
Disha Prakash Prajapati ◽  
Tanvi R Dodiya
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Phloem Fibre ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

Aims: To evaluate pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical analysis of stem of Conocarpus lancifolius including macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical parameters. Methods and Material: Macroscopic and microscopic properties of dried stem were investigated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of various extracts and fluorescence analysis of dried stem powder was performed using various chemicals. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated as per WHO guidelines. Results: Organoleptic parameters of stem of C. lancifolius like colour, shape, size etc were noted.  Transverse section of fresh stem revealed the presence of epidermis, cortex, sone cells, phloem, xylem and pith. Whereas, powder microscopy showed the presence of epidermis, xylem, stone cells, phloem fibre with crystals of calcium oxalate etc. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of stem showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside, steroids etc. Ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of alkaloids and steroids while aqueous extract showed presence of tannins. Physicochemical parameters viz. ash value, extractive value, moisture content, fluorescence analysis and foaming index of stem powder were determined. The total tannins were also determined in the stem of C. lancifolius. Conclusion: The present study revealed pharmacognostic and preliminary phytochemical parameters of stem of C. lancifolius which would be beneficial for its standardization and future scope of the work.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical Standardization, Chromatograhic and Spectral Analysis of Methanolic Extract of Echinops echinatus Linn. Roots and Fractions

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Muhammad Younus ◽  
Farrakh Zia Khan ◽  
Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan ◽  
Jafir Hussain Shirazi ◽  
Qazi Adnan Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Plant Systematic

Echinops echinatus Linn. (Fam. Asteraceae) possesses medicinal value a good deal. The plant is a nerve tonic that stimulates liver and increases appetite, and is effective as anti-inflammatory and in jaundice. Objective of the current study was to standardize  Echinops echinatus (E. echinatus), both macroscopically and microscopically. Pharmacognostic standardization with the help of different physicochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis was performed according to the WHO guidelines. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of crude methanolic extract (EME) and various fractions was done. TLC and column chromatographic techniques were employed for presence of various phytoconstituents. Five compounds were isolated from EME using column chromatography, which were characterized by techniques like FTIR and UV. The isolated purified compounds showed different hRf values ranging from 67 to 94. Results of this study may serve as biochemical markers for this medicinally important plant in the pharma industry and plant systematic studies. The current work will help in identification of the species pharmacognostically and anatomically; and phytochemical analysis may help in screening of active constituents responsible for the activity.  The study will serve as a reference for correct identification and in checking any type of adulteration. This may also help in differentiating this species from closely related species of the same genus and family.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic and Preliminary Phytochemical Investigation of Corchorus Fascicularis LAM. Stems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Sanjay B Sonawale
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Abstract: Stems of plant Corchorus fascicularis L. are reported to possess medicinal values in traditional system of medicine. The present investigation deals with preliminary phytochemical investigation of Stems of Corchorus fascicularis L. which includes physicochemical parameters like ash values, extractive values and moisture content. Phytochemical investigation of nhexane, chloroform, ethanol and water extract revealed the presence of glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins and proteins. The main aim of present investigation is to study the pharmacognostic characters and phytochemical standard of Stems of Corchorus fascicularis L. which could be used to prepare a monograph for the proper identification of plant. Keywords: Stems, Corchorus fascicularis L., Physicochemical, Phytochemical analysis.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STANDARDIZATION OF PHYSALIS MINIMA L. LEAF

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
DIBYENDU SHIL ◽  
DAMIKI LALOO ◽  
SMRITI REKHA CHANDA DAS ◽  
SUVAKANTA DASH
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Objective: To evaluate the pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of Physalis minima leaf. Methods: The leaf of Physalis minima was examined for macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical parameters and fluorescence analysis. Extracts obtained from the leaf was analyzed for phytochemical screening and estimation of total tannin, phenolic and flavonoid content following the standard procedure available in the literature. Results: Morphologically, the leaf was found to be ovate in shape, 5 to 8 cm long and up to 3 cm width with dentate margin, asymmetrical base, hairy surface, reticulate veins on each side of midrib, green in colour, characteristic odour and slight bitter in taste. Microscopic study has shown the important diagnostic characters of Solanaceae family which is characterized by presence of dorsiventral leaf with anomocytic stomata, grandular or uniseriate trichomes and cluster crystal of calcium oxalate. Physicochemical parameters like foreign organic matter (0.78%), loss on drying (8.23%), total ash (11.4%), acid insoluble ash (2.2%), water-soluble ash (6.1%), sulphated ash (2.4%) alcohol soluble extractive (10.4%), water-soluble extractive (9.5%), ether soluble extractive (1.8%) foaming index (below 100), swelling index (1), volatile oil and heavy metal content were quantified. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of Physalis minima leaf has shown the presence of phytoconstituents viz. alkaloids, steroids, tannin, flavonoids, protein. Quantification of phytoconstituents was also reported like phenols (10.59±0.65 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid), tannin (8.24±0.27 mg/gm equivalent to tannic acid) and flavonoids (87.17±0.87 mg/gm equivalent to rutin) respectively. Conclusion: This present study was provided the qualitative and quantitative standard of Physalis minima will help to prevent the possible steps of adulteration with other species of the same genus.

scholarly journals FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN LEAVES AND STEM OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM. F

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
VIDYA V. KAMBLE ◽  
NIKHIL B. GAIKWAD
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Reagents ◽  
Embelia Ribes ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Total Alkaloid Content

Objective: The objective of the present study is to carry out fluorescence analysis, phytochemical, and antioxidant activities using different solvent extract in leaves and stem of Embelia ribes. Methods: In the present study, fluorescence analysis, phytochemical, and antioxidant activities of leaves and stem of E. ribes are carried out using standard procedures. Result: The fluorescence analysis under visible and ultraviolet light for leaves and stem powder of E. ribes treated with various chemical reagents shown different fluorescence effect. In the phytochemical analysis, the methanolic extract of leaves has shown the highest total alkaloid content (19.05±0.42 mg CE/g DW), followed by the stem. The methanolic extract of stem exhibited highest total phenolic content (59.82±2.98 mg GAE/g DW), and ethanolic extract showed highest total flavonoid content (10.05±0.36 mg RE/g DW), followed by leaves. The ethanolic extract of stem possesses highest antioxidant activity toward 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (84.86±0.11%), whereas methanolic extract of stem reported highest FRAP activity (72.22±0.31 mg Fe+2E/g DW), followed by leaves. Antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) were significantly correlated with TPC. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that the fluorescence analysis of leaves and stem of E. ribes can be helpful for the standardization and quality control of indigenous drug. Both leaves and stem serve as the good source of secondary metabolite and antioxidant agents.

scholarly journals A Study on Establishment of Phytochemical Analysis of Quality Parameters and Fluorescence Analysis of Costus spicatus- rhizome extract Medicinal Plants a Well Known Tropical Folklore Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
S Azhagumadhavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar ◽  
M Padma ◽  
P Sasikala ◽  
T Jayaseelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Ordinary Light

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic pharmacognostical characters of Costus spicatus in rhizomes extract along with their physico-chemical parameters and fluorescence analysis. Methods: The pharmacognostical characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy, Powder microscopy, rhizome constant, fluorescence analysis and Preliminary phytochemical investigation. Result: The fluorescence characteristics of rhizome powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of long and short wavelengths and ordinary visible light. When the powdered drug and extracts were treated with different reagents and observed under UV and ordinary light, they emitted various colour radiations. The colour change for the rhizome powder and individual extract were distinctive and reproducible revealing the solvent properties to the phytoconstituents and data is present. The moister content was calculated through the loss on drying method and was found to be 1.43%. The swelling and foaming index values were recorded. The phytochemical investigation indicates the presence of the organic phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, protein, amino acids, phenols, tannin, glycosides, steroids and inorganic constituents like iron, phosphate, sulphate and chlorides. Conclusion: Various pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters have pivotal roles in identification, authentication and establishment of quality parameters of the species. Keywords: Costus spicatus, Physico-Chemical parameters and fluorescence analysis.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic studies of the stem bark of Chloroxylon swietenia DC

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 01-05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilip Kanti Deb ◽  
Anoop Singh ◽  
Devendra Singh Rathore ◽  
Gouri Kumar Dash ◽  
Jhuma Deb
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chloroxylon Swietenia

Chloroxylon swietenia DC. (Family: Rutaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments like fungal infection of skin, rheumatism, common cold, cough, ophthalmic infection and cataract, wounds and as an astringent. However, detailed scientific information is not available to identify the plant material, in order to ascertain its quality and purity. In this paper, we report the pharmacognostic evaluation of the bark for the purpose of its identification and differentiation from related species. The macroscopy, microscopy, physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash values, extractive values, fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the bark were investigated. Transverse section of the bark shows presence of cork, cortex, medullary rays, and stone cells. Presence of cork, stone cells, phloem fibres and parenchyma cells which were also observed in the powdered sample of the bark. The result of preliminary phytochemical screening indicated presence of alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, tannins flavonoids and triterpenoids. The present study will be useful for its identification prior to carrying out further research work. The findings of this study will facilitate pharmacognostic standardization of the plant material and aid in the preparation of a herbal monograph for the species.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S119-S129
Author(s):  
I. Namoune ◽  
B. Khettal ◽  
A.M. Assaf ◽  
S. Elhayek ◽  
L. Arrar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

scholarly journals Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Kamel Arraki ◽  
Perle Totoson ◽  
Alain Decendit ◽  
Andy Zedet ◽  
Justine Maroilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Vasorelaxant Effect ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
First Time

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF UDHARA VAYUHARA CHURNA

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (06) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Maruthi T. Ekbote ◽  
◽  
Rajashekar K. V ◽  
Shankarappa L ◽  
Bharathi D. R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Ayurvedic medicines are being used increasingly to fight or prevent common diseases. Udhara vayuhara churna is a polyherbal formulation containing Piper longum (Piperceae) Zingiber officinalis (Zingiberaceae), Elettaria cardamom (Zingiberaceae), Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae), Carum carvi (Umbelliferae), Acorus calamus (Araceae) and Embilica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae). Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Udhara vayuhara churna were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The results of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the Udhara vayuhara churna indicated that methanolic extract inhibited the growth of one or more test pathogens than aqueous extract. Udhara vayuhara churna formulation extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils. This may be due to the multifunctional effect of all the seven plant ingredients of Udhara Vayuhara churn.

Selection and evaluation of suppliers as a quality control element for bakery products

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Jurk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
Organoleptic Parameters

The article presents research in the field of quality management by suppliers of dairy whey to a bakery enterprise in the Omsk region. The general assessment criteria are systematized in the form of a tree diagram, which makes it possible to identify them depending on the target orientation. When evaluating suppliers, such fundamental elements as the quality of purchased raw materials, their cost and timeliness of delivery were taken into account. The results of an expert assessment of the organoleptic parameters of serum, controlled physicochemical parameters and subsequent regression analysis made it possible to establish their compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents. A comprehensive assessment of the possibilities allowed us to give an objective assessment, as well as to make a decision on choosing in favor of one of the suppliers.

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