scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Purple Leaf Extract [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff] Against Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Eka Juniarti ◽  
Tuti Kusumaningsih ◽  
Wisnu Setyari Juliastuti ◽  
Adioro Soetojo ◽  
Nabilla Dara Wungsu
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Purple Leaf

Background. Streptococcus mutans is the leading cause of dental caries. One of many medicinal plants, purple leaf [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff], which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and saponins, is a potential antibacterial agent. Objective. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of purple leaf extract (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) against Streptococcus mutans. Methods. Streptococcus mutans were suspended in several Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff extract concentrations in a BHIB medium using the dilution method so that the concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78% were obtained. Each tube was incubated for 24 hours, then subcultured in a Tryptone Yeast Extract Cystine medium in a petri dish using a spreader. Each petri dish was set for 24 hours; the growth of the colony, using CFU/mL unit, was manually calculated. The samples were then subjected to microbiological analysis. The Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test was performed to determine if the relationship between the sets of data in the treatment group is statistically significant (p<0.05). Results. Purple leaf extract contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, triterpenoid/ steroid, and saponin. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff against Streptococcus mutans was in concentration 3.125%, and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was in concentration 6.25%. Conclusion. Purple Leaf Extract [Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff] has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus  mutans.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI – A HIGHLY MEDICINAL PLANT IN INDIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Dhanapaul Vinoth Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Swietenia mahagoni leaf extract. The leaf extract was subjected to a variety of phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presence of common phytocompounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavanoids, terpenoids and volatile oils as major active constituents. The plant (Swietenia mahagoni) leaf has valuable medicinal uses, hence petroleum ether (18.2g) was found to be a good solvent for the phytochemical and antibacterial study. Similarly, the Methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni has highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus subtilis.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MYCOFLORA, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF SELECTED FRESH AND STORED MEDICINAL FRUITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sushma K. S. ◽  
Puttaswamy Rajeshwari ◽  
Koteshwar Anandrao Raveesha
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Terminalia Bellerica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: To understand the mycoflora, phytochemical constituents and antibacterial potential of fresh and stored herbal fruits of selected plants, extensively used in herbal medicines.Methods: Mycoflora analysis of Terminalia bellerica, Phyllanthus emblica and Myristica fragrans fruits was done employing serial dilution method, colony forming unit (CFU) and relative density of each fungi was recorded. The diversity of fungi associated with test fruits was calculated using various diversity indices. Methanol extracts of test fruits was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, presence or absence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones and cardiac glycosides was detected. Antibacterial potential of test fruits was studied by well diffusion method.Results: Fresh fruits were free of fungal contamination, whereas stored fruits were found in association with various fungi. A total of 64 isolates of 29 species belonging to 13 genera were identified from stored fruits. Aspergillus was predominant followed by Penicillium. T. bellerica was highly contaminated (1x105CFU/g). Stored fruits of M. fragrans recorded high fungal diversity with highest Simpson’s diversity index (D-1=0.840) and Shannon-Wiener index (H=2.888). P. emblica exhibited high species richness with high Margalef Richness (R=2.925), Menhinick index (E=1.830) and Berger Parker Dominance (d’=0.418). Phytochemical analysis of fresh and stored fruits did not show a significant difference in the presence or absence of tested phyto-constituents. Stored fruit extract recorded up to 41% increase in antibacterial activity.Conclusion: Results suggests the need of proper training to the herbal material handler’s right from the harvest to retail selling, and also points out the need to assess the fungal contamination of herbal materials before using them for herbal drug manufacture.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Moringa oleifera Lam. Crude Extracts Against Selected Bacterial and Fungal Strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patel N ◽  
Mohan J S S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains

The n- Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water Leaf, Stem, Flower and Fruit extracts of Moringa oleifera were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against six Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive bacteria and antifungal activity against seven fungal strains using Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Fluconazole and Ketacozole as positive control. The activity was analyzed by well diffusion and two-fold serial broth dilution method of different extract. The study revealed that all the extracts irrespective of their types, in different concentrations inhibited growth of the test pathogens to varying degrees. Ethyl acetate extract showed maximum activity against all the bacterial strains followed in descending order by methanol, n-.Hexane and distilled water extracts. Ethyl acetate extract showed high antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens (22mm) Methanol and n-Hexane extract were effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis (10mm) respectively. Aqueous extract showed maximum number of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (27mm) and Micrococcus luteus (18mm). Ethyl acetate extract showed maximum inhibition against Trichoderma harzianum (16mm) than other extracts were ineffective against selected fungus. MIC values were recorded as 0.125 to 4mg/ml. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids. Expression to these results it may be concluded that M. oleifera may be a potential source for the curing of various infectious diseases caused by the resistant microbes

scholarly journals Evaluation of qualitative phytochemicals and antifungal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Senna tora on downy mildew of cabbage

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
S.M. Zakari ◽  
A.A. Aliko ◽  
H Haruna ◽  
A Muazu
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

This study was embarked upon to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of Senna tora leaf against Perenospora parasitica, causing downy mildew on cabbage. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoid, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Phenolic compounds and Carbohydrates) which have been reported to have antimicrobial effects. Assays were performed using extract concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125 mg/ml by agar well diffusion technique. Results obtained, revealed a significant difference in diameter of mycelial zone of inhibition between the concentrations. Highest zone of inhibition was recorded at 1000 and 500 mg/ml (20 and 15 mm) respectively. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) were determined and recorded at 250 mg/ml. The antifungal screening revealed that the extract exhibited inhibitory activities at varying concentrations against the downy mildew pathogen. These activities observed could be attributed to the presence of active metabolites contained in the extract.Keywords: Aqueous leaf extract, Downy mildew, Perenospora parasitica and Senna tora

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF KASTURI LEAF EXTRACT (Mangifera casturi) AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus sanguinis BACTERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Dita Puspita Sari ◽  
Didit Aspriyanto ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguinis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) Del Plant on Some Selected Clinical Human Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
G. C. Ezemokwe ◽  
J. C. Aguiyi ◽  
F. P. Chollom
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Balanites Aegyptiaca ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Balanites aegyptiaca plant was investigated on five selected clinical common human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysentriae and Escherichia coli, in vitro. The phytochemical screening, susceptibility testing and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts indicated the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, and carbohydrates in varying concentrations. Ethanolic leaf extract was more effective. The extracts inhibited the growth of isolates with increasing concentrations, ranging from 8-12 mm zones of inhibitions, showing the susceptibility of the test organisms. S. dysentriae had the highest susceptibility for both extracts with 12 mm and 13 mm zones of inhibition for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively at the highest concentration of 400 mg/ml. S. aureus showed the least susceptibility with 8 mm for aqueous extract while S. typhimurium showed the least susceptibility for the ethanolic extract with 9mm zones of inhibition. The analysis of variance results on zones of inhibition revealed a significant difference for both extract treatments, concentrations, and interactions between the treatments and concentrations. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations determined from the corresponding concentration-response curves showed that S. dysentriae had the least value of 79.433 mg/ml while the aqueous extracts against S. aureus and S. typhimurium were the largest with 125.893 mg/ml value. The activity index and activity were also deduced to measure activity. The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of B. aegyptiaca on bacteria of the tested isolates have been established in this study and justify the claims by the traditional healers in its use to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Guyabano, Ulasimang Bato, Sambong, and Tsaang Gubat Leaf Extracts against Common Drug-resistant Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia C. Maramba-Lazarte ◽  
Lolita L. Cavinta ◽  
Ma. Carmelita L. Sara
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli

Background. Using plants as antimicrobials has long been a practice of traditional healers and validating these customs may lead to the discovery and development of useful herbal medicines. Objective. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of guyabano, tsaang gubat, sambong, and ulasimang bato against common pathogens. Methods. Aqueous or alcoholic leaf extracts of the different medicinal plants were prepared. The solid agar dilution method was used to determine the MIC of guyabano, tsaang gubat, sambong, and ulasimang bato against common pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Echerichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella flexneri. Results. The alcoholic leaf extract of guyabano showed moderate activity against oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus with an MIC of 5-6.3 mg/mL. However, tsaang gubat did not exhibit any antibacterial activity for drug-resistant enteric organisms (S. typhi, S. flexneri, and E. coli) and S. aureus at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Even at a concentration of 100mg/mL, ulasimang bato failed to show any antibacterial activity against drug-resistant S. aureus, S. pneumonia, H. influenzae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. Sambong alcoholic extract had some antibacterial activity against penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae with an MIC of 12.5 mg/mL. Conclusions. Guyabano alcoholic leaf extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus. Sambong alcoholic extract likewise exhibited inhibitory activity against S. pneumoniae. However, tsaang gubat and ulasimang bato aqueous extracts failed to show significant antibacterial activity for the pathogens tested.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Components of Levisticum officinale Koch against Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Monsef Esfahani ◽  
Mahdi Moridi Farimani ◽  
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi ◽  
Jee Hyung Jung ◽  
Atousa Aliahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mycobacterial Cell Wall

Background: A bioassay-guided fractionation technique was used to evaluate the active constituents of the perennial plant L. officinale W.D.J. Koch (Apiaceae) against multidrug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: Column chromatography was used to isolation of compounds from L. officinale and spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) and HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry) were used to identification of the isolated compounds. Also, to evaluate antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out by broth micro-dilution method. Finally, molecular docking (MD) was performed using the Schrödinger package to evaluate interactions between the active compounds and InhA protein. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of the plant roots led to isolation of bergapten (1), isogosferol (2), oxypeucedanin (3), oxypeucedanin hydrate (4), imperatorin (5), ferulic acid (6) and falcarindiol (7). Falcarindiol and oxypeucedanin indicated a moderate activity on MDR M. tuberculosis with MIC values of = 32 and 64 μg/mL, respectively. Antibacterial activity of falcarindiol was also observed against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains with the MIC values of 7.8 and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. The results of docking analysis showed a good affinity of oxypeucedanin (3) and falcarindiol (7) to InhA enzyme with docking score values of -7.764 and -7.703 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: Finally, 7 compounds were isolated from L. officinale that compounds 2-6 report for the first time from this plant. On the basis of the molecular docking (MD) study, oxypeucedanin (3) and falcarindiol (7) as active compounds against M. tuberculosis may be proposed as potential inhibitors of 2-trans-enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall. Moreover, antibacterial activity of falcarindiol against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was remarkable.

Antimicrobial potentials, phytochemical screening and determination of bioactive compounds from Three Indian folk medicinal plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vanitha ◽  
S. Vijayakumar ◽  
S. Rajalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ft Ir

Aim: To investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of various solvents leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos, Plumbago zeylanica and Rhinacanthus nasutus against human pathogenic organisms such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Aspergillus fumigatous by agar well diffusion method. Background: Also, this is the first time report on MIC and MBC/MFC activities and identify the phytochemicals and functional groups using HPLC, GC-MS and FT-IR analysis. Objective: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC/MFC) values were also carried out by the micro dilution method. Methods: Ethyl acetate extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, especially for S. pneumoniae (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate extract of R. nasutus (36 mm) against S. pneumoniae. While least inhibition was observed for aqueous extract of P.zeylanica against S. enteritis (10 mm). Results: The MIC ranged from 3.75 µg/ml to 60µg/ml and MBC/MFC 7.5 µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, phenolics and cardiac glycoside in all samples of selected plant extracts. Tannins, phenolics and glycoside were found only in the ethyl acetate extract of P.zeylanica. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica exposed ten major peaks and eleven compounds respectively. Chemical nature of the leaf extract was analysed by FT-IR spectrum. Conclusion: Ethyl acetate leaf extract of P. zeylanica showed better antimicrobial activity than other extracts as well as standard drugs. Therefore, this plant could be studied in detail for the identification of active biomolecules for antimicrobial agents.

Uji konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) sebagai antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans

e-GIGI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudya E. Warokka ◽  
Jane Wuisan ◽  
Juliatri .
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: Inadequate oral and dental hygiene can cause plaques containing various kinds of bacteria; one of them is Streptococcus mutans which is the main cause of dental caries. Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia Steenis) is a medicinal herb that contains antibacterial compounds namely flavonoids, alkonoid, terpanoid, and saponins. This study aimed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of binahong leaf extract to the growth of Streptococcus mutans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The method used in this study was serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry as the test methods. Binahong leaves were taken from Tempok village and were extracted with maceration method using ethanol 96%. Streptococcus mutans bacteria were obtained from a pure bacterial stock in Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Sam Ratulangi Manado. The result showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia steenis) to the growth of Streptococcus mutans was 6.25%.Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, binahong leaf, MIC, tooth cariesAbstrak: Kebersihan gigi dan mulut yang buruk dapat menyebabkan terbentuknya plak yang mengandung berbagai macam bakteri, salah satu diantaranya Streptococcus mutans yang menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya karies gigi. Daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia steenis) merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung senyawa antibakteri yaitu flavonoid, alkonoid, terpanoid dan saponin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode serial dilusi dengan metode pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun binahong diperoleh di desa Tempok, dan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Bakteri Streptococcus mutans diambil dari stok bakteri murni Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa KHM daun binahong terhadap pertumbuhan streptococcus mutans ialah pada konsentrasi 6,25%.Kata kunci: Streptococcus mutans, daun binahong, KHM, karies gigi

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document