scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection Associated with Psychosis in Hemodialysis Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. e312-e312
Author(s):  
Ahmed Atris ◽  
Issa Al Salmi ◽  
Suad Hannawi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Hemodialysis Patient ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Hemodialysis is a medical procedure to correct electrolyte imbalance and remove fluids and waste products from the blood of patients with end-stage renal disease. Dialysis patients are immunosuppressed and hence at risk of complications of coronavirus infection. In addition, dialysis for most patients is performed in-center, with therapy offered three times per week for 3.5 hours per session in sites highly exposed to virus contamination. A weak immune system and low cytokine storm explain why COVID-19 may be less severe in dialysis patients as death due to COVID-19 or effects on comorbidities in COVID-19 patients is due to overresponse against the virus by the immune system and cytokine storm. However, during the frequent trips between the dialysis center and home, the risk of coronavirus infection could be high. Moreover, hemodialysis patients constitute a distinct and high-risk group that is often associated with low immunity, decline or loss of the ability to work, substantial economic burden, the inability to fulfill family responsibilities and participate in an active social life, and suffer from various complications such as muscle weakness, pruritus, fatigue, diabetes, hypertension, and restless legs. These factors are associated with lower quality of life and poor clinical outcomes, leading to a higher risk of psychological problems than in the general population. We report a rare case of new-onset psychosis (mostly delirium) following COVID-19 infection in a middle-aged hemodialysis patient with rapid recovery.

Covid-19: features of the pathogenesis of the disease and targets for immunotherapeutic effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
N. A. Klimov ◽  
A. S. Simbirtsev
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Complement System

An analysis of current scientific literature on the pathogenesis of the coronavirus infection that caused the 2019 pandemic, COVID-19, was carried out. The structure, genome, introduction into the cell and the life cycle of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the pandemic, the mechanisms of protection of the virus from the hosts immune system, features of the clinical picture of coronavirus infection, the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia, in particular, disruption of the renin-angiotensin system, cytokine storm, participation of the complement system in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 are reviewed. The models of infections caused by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in laboratory mice are also considered.

scholarly journals Immune Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Intoxication: Storm or Silence?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Mikhail Kiselevskiy ◽  
Irina Shubina ◽  
Irina Chikileva ◽  
Suria Sitdikova ◽  
Igor Samoylenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Immune Pathogenesis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Excessive Inflammatory Response

Dysregulation of the immune system undoubtedly plays an important and, perhaps, determining role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis. While the main treatment of the COVID-19 intoxication is focused on neutralizing the excessive inflammatory response, it is worth considering an equally significant problem of the immunosuppressive conditions including immuno-paralysis, which lead to the secondary infection. Therefore, choosing a treatment strategy for the immune-mediated complications of coronavirus infection, one has to pass between Scylla and Charybdis, so that, in the fight against the “cytokine storm,” it is vital not to miss the point of the immune silence that turns into immuno-paralysis.

scholarly journals Method of Medvedkov V. D. for the destruction of coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00079
Author(s):  
Victor Medvedkov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Accessible Method ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
World Champion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Full Protection

The human cell is one of the best places to implement the main goal of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus-reproduction. Due to its small size from 80 to 220 nm, it is invisible, highly contagious and pervasive. Full protection from it is possible only with the help of maximum self-isolation. It is impossible when working in society and even when living in a family, i.e. the majority of the world’s population will be infected with it. Plus from infectionthe development of herd immunity to the new coronavirus; cons-loss of part of the alveoli, leading to hypoxia of the body, disruption of the brain and many organs and parts of the individual’s body, sometimes to a cytokine storm and death. To protect the human body from the COVID-19 coronavirus infection, a biologically based, tested, and accessible method is proposed. It consists on the rational use of heat factors and hot alcohol vapors that do not reduce the immune system. The experiment took place on the 66-year-old World champion, 3-time European champion,12-time Russian champion and was successful.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Complications in Asthmatic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-626
Author(s):  
Entezar Mehrabi Nasab ◽  
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has inflicted millions of people in the world and caused severe complications in immunocompromised individuals. Some evidences suggest that severe COVID-19 complications are associated with the cytokine storm syndrome, contributing to the high mortality rate of the disease. Asthma is a complicated disease of the respiratory system. COVID-19 symptoms can be worse in asthmatic patients than others. Corticosteroids with anti-inflammatory functions which are used in asthmatic patients may have adverse outcomes in coronavirus infection and are not recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Furthermore, asthmatic patients (using inhalation corticosteroids) have a suppressed immune system in the lung, which increases their susceptibility to COVID-19 infection.

High cytokine levels and cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Maksim Leonidovich Maksimov ◽  
Albina Ayratovna Zvegintseva ◽  
Lyudmila Yurievna Kulagina ◽  
Albina Zainutdinovna Nigmedzyanova ◽  
Elvina Ramisovna Kadyseva
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A review article is based on current foreign sources. The level of cytokines in the peripheral blood can be increased in many diseases, but in some cases there may be an excess of their normal concentration in tens, hundreds or more times with the development of a peculiar clinical picture, which is based on a systemic inflammatory reaction. In the literature this condition has received the figurative name «cytokine storm», which highlights an extremely violent reaction of the immune system with an unknown (often unfavorable) outcome. Close attention of the scientific world and the public to the problem of extremely high levels of cytokines in the peripheral blood (hypercytokinemia) was drawn due to the high frequency of the cytokine storm in the novel coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Original SARS-CoV-2 vaccine model

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
I. E. Khoroshilov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 that appeared at the end of 2019 is signifi cantly different from the viral infections that existed previously. The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus combines two transmission routes—aerosol and oral-intestinal. The targets for this virus are both cells of the respiratory system and the human gastrointestinal tract. Along with the classical form of this disease, the so-called “gastrointestinal” form is described, in which the clinical picture is dominated by signs of damage to the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia). These symptoms are detected, in general, in 20% of patients with COVID-19. More than 80% of patients have mild forms, a third of these individuals had diarrhea. Although SARSCoV-2 viral RNA is detected in faeces samples of patients with COVID-19, it does not carry an infectious onset, and not a single case of fecal-oral transmission has been confi rmed. Since the intestines are the most powerful organ of our immune system, we can introduce SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA into the gastrointestinal tract to ensure the formation of immunity to this infection.

scholarly journals COVID -19 in Geriatric Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
Pratiksha S. Thakare ◽  
Samruddhi Gujar ◽  
Shakib Sheikh ◽  
Vrushali Dighikar
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Prevention Center

The causative factors of Coronavirus disease mainly the viruses. Through news we aware that pneumonia cases seen recently in Wuhan city, China. Due to unknown causes. Coronaviruses that cause illness such as a common cold. The Coronavirus infection identified with respiratory symptoms and pneumonia, the severe form of coronavirus infection mainly associated with death and low immune system patients. It is very important for us to more focus on geriatric people because in our countries, geriatric group people facing health problems at this present situation. According to articles Clinical Pathology, Pathogenesis, Immunopathology, and Mitigation Strategies, in that said geriatric people and low immune system patient with symptoms related history are more prone to COVID infection. But according to recent information by WHO all people are at risk of coronavirus but mostly geriatric people facing more risk of developing a severe respiratory infection. Geriatric people easily get coronavirus syndrome due to physical changes that occur as increasing age. There were 95% of these deaths seen in geriatric people above 60 years older. Above 50% of all fatal conditions occurred in geriatric people between 60- 80 years ago. There having disease control and prevention center, which indicate that rates of hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions and mortality reported among COVID-19 cases in the United States are substantially higher among patients older than 45 years compared with younger patients, with case-fatality rates exceeding 1.4% among patients aged 55 to 64 years and exceeding 2.7% among those aged 65 to 74 years.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cytokine Storm Induced by Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13009
Author(s):  
Xi-Dian Tang ◽  
Tian-Tian Ji ◽  
Jia-Rui Dong ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Feng-Qiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Targeted Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Circulating Cytokines

Cytokine storm is a phenomenon characterized by strong elevated circulating cytokines that most often occur after an overreactive immune system is activated by an acute systemic infection. A variety of cells participate in cytokine storm induction and progression, with profiles of cytokines released during cytokine storm varying from disease to disease. This review focuses on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cytokine storm induction and progression induced by pathogenic invasive infectious diseases. Strategies for targeted treatment of various types of infection-induced cytokine storms are described from both host and pathogen perspectives. In summary, current studies indicate that cytokine storm-targeted therapies can effectively alleviate tissue damage while promoting the clearance of invading pathogens. Based on this premise, “multi-omics” immune system profiling should facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate cytokine storms caused by various diseases.

scholarly journals Experience of using tocilizumab in the research unit of infectious hospital for patients with coronavirus infection (CoVID-19)

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
M Petrushin ◽  
V Leontyeva ◽  
A Malygin ◽  
M Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Therapy ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The objective of the study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of tocilizumab in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 who were treated in the intensive care unit of an infectious diseases hospital. Material and methods. There was carried out a retrospective analysis of the case histories of 40 patients with confirmed severe and extremely severe coronavirus infection COVID-19. The average age of the patients was 58.3 ± 1.8 years, the total lung lesion volume was 83.2 ± 2.0%. Results: The survival rate of patients who received immunosuppressive therapy with tocilizumab in combination with pulse therapy of glucocorticosteroids was 55%, and 44% of patients with 100% lung involvement. The use of tocilizumab (4-8 mg / kg) led to a statistically significant decrease in the level of C-reactive protein in the blood, which was an indicator of adequate pharmacotherapy of the "cytokine storm" in the ICU.

A CLINICAL CASE OF COVID-19 IN A NEWBORN

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
E. N. Alferovich ◽  
◽  
I. A. Loginova ◽  
A. A. Ustinovich ◽  
E. A. Sarzhevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Infected Mother ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
System Today

The problem of coronavirus infection has captured the whole world. In one year, the views on the disease itself and its treatment have radically changed. Doctors all over the world cannot give definite answers to a number of questions regarding this virus and its impact on newborn babies. Low susceptibility to coronavirus in young children may be due to some peculiarities of the immune system. Today it is considered to be the main ways of transmission of the virus are airborne and contact. However, the airborne route of infection in newborns is unlikely, because from birth the child is isolated from the sick mother. The issue of the vertical transmission of the virus from an infected mother to a child is discussed. There is no evidence of transmission of coronavirus through breast milk. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection in children is established with a positive epidemiological history and with 2 clinical symptoms with laboratory confirmation. The article presents a single clinical case of coronavirus infection in a newborn. The possible ways of infection of the newborn, the clinical picture, the possibility of joint stay of the mother and the child, breastfeeding, and treatment of the newborn are discussed.

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