FORMULA DAN EVALUASI GEL PEMBERSIH TANGAN EKSTRAK BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Yullia Sukawaty ◽  
Anita Apriliana ◽  
Husnul Warnida
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Dispersive Power

Bawang tiwai (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) acts as an antibacterial because it contains a class of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, triterpinoida / steroid, anthraquinone glycosides.Bawang tiwai onions can be used as an antibacterial active ingredient formulated in a gel hand sanitizer. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of varying concentrations of alcohol on the physical properties of gel preparation and inhibition of E.coli bacteria which are formulated in the form of a gel hand sanitizer bawang tiwai extract. Research conducted on fomula gel hand sanitizer bawang tiwai extract with various concentrations of alcohol F1 0%, F2 10%, F3 20%, F4 60% include (organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersive power, consistency and viscosity) and continued with test inhibition of E. coli using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) in F1 0%, 10% F2, F3 20%, K (-) 60% and K (+) Triclosan 0.1%. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 using Kruskal Wallis test with a level of 95%, α = 0.05. Gel hand sanitizer contains bawang tiwai extract 20% meets the requirements of the physical stability and have antibacterial inhibition of E. Coli

FORMULASI GELHAND SANITIZER DARI KITOSAN DENGAN BASIS NATRIUM KARBOKSIMETILSELULOSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Supomo Supomo ◽  
Yullia Sukawati ◽  
Fredi Basyar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Dispersive Power ◽  
Chitosan Gel

Chitosan has been widely used in industrial, food, pharmaceuticals and agriculture. Chitosan is a natural biocompatible polymers means that as nature does not have the side effect, non-toxic, can not be easily digested and broken down by microbes (biodegradable). This study aims to determine whether the chitosan may be formulated into dosage gel hand sanitizer that meets the requirements of the physical stability of the gel.Chitosan is formulated with 3 varying concentrations of Na CMC basis of 3%, 4.5% and 6%. Tests conducted gel formulation is the physical stability test which includes organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH test, test dispersive power, viscosity test and test consistency. Testing is done every week for 4 weeks of storage.Results of testing physical properties of chitosan gel hand sanitizer has the shape and color stable but the resulting aroma change during storage. pH gel meet the requirements, the consistency test of phase separation does not occur, the homogeneity test showed no homogeneous gel, gel dispersive power does not meet the requirements, the viscosity of the gel preparation third formula does not meet the requirements of viscosity gel

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Piperine Analogues Containing 1,2,4-Triazole Ring

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080
Author(s):  
Kottakki Naveen Kumar ◽  
Karteek Rao Amperayani ◽  
V. Ravi Sankar Ummdi ◽  
Uma Devi Parimi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Triazole Ring ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial Study ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Micro Organisms

A series 1,2,4-triazole piperine analogues (TP1-TP6) were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Antibacterial study was done using Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative micro-organisms (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. Compound containing chloro substitution (TP6) showed the highest effect, while compound TP1, TP3, TP4, TP5 showed the moderate activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a New Conjugates of Imidazole wih Beta Lactam Moiety and Evaluation of its Expanded Antibacterial Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 2495-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmd D. Noori ◽  
Mazin N. Mousa ◽  
Shaker A. N. Al-Jadaan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ft Ir

Five compounds containing (2,4,5-triphenyl triphenyl-1H-) and azetidinone (beta-lactam) moiety were synthesized. The physical data and yield of synthesized compounds were recorded, the chemical structure of prepared compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method that involve tow Gram positive (staph. aureus, E. Faecalis), two Gram negative (E. coli and ‎K. pneumoniae), and one anaerobic bacteria (streptococcus. Pyogen). Different concentration of the prepared compounds has been used, and the obtained result were compared with standard (ceftazidime). Compound (5c) showed the best antibacterial activity against all bacterial species while 5a and 5e does not. Other compounds showed activity against some species.

scholarly journals Frequency of Detection ofEscherichia coli,Salmonellaspp., andCampylobacterspp. in the Faeces of Wild Rats (Rattusspp.) in Trinidad and Tobago

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Comfort Nkogwe ◽  
Juliah Raletobana ◽  
Alva Stewart-Johnson ◽  
Sharianne Suepaul ◽  
Abiodun Adesiyun
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
O157 Strain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wild Rats

The study was conducted to determine the frequency of isolation ofSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157 in the faecal samples of rats trapped across the regional corporations in Trinidad and to assess their resistance to antimicrobial agents. A total of 204 rats were trapped for the detection of selected bacteria. Standard methods were used to isolateSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157. Characterization ofE. coliwas done on sorbitol MacConkey agar to determine non-sorbitol fermentation, blood agar to determine haemolytic and mucoid colonies and by usingE. coliO157 antiserum to determine O157 strain. The disc diffusion method was used to determine resistance to nine antimicrobial agents. Of the 204 rats, 4 (2.0%), 7 (3.4%) and 171 (83.8%) were positive forSalmonellaspp.,Campylobacterspp. andE. coli, respectively. Of the 171 isolates ofE. colitested 0 (0.0%), 25 (14.6%) and 19 (11.1%) were haemolytic, mucoid and non-sorbitol fermenters, respectively. All isolates were negative for the O157 strain. The frequency of resistance to the 9 antimicrobial agents tested was 75% (3 of 4) forSalmonella, 85.7% (6 of 7) ofCampylobacterspp. and 36.3% (62 of 171) forE. coli(;χ2).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
K. F. Chah ◽  
S. C. Okafor ◽  
S. I. Oboegbulem
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Resistance Patterns

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), Streptomycin (30µg). cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg).The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6%  66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Escherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests.

scholarly journals Beta Lactamase Genes of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Anorectal Sepsis Cases in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Sheikh Shahidul Islam ◽  
Md Abdul Malek ◽  
AKM Fazlul Haque ◽  
Kaisar Ali Talukder ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

A microbiological study was carried out to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli in anorectal sepsis patients in Bangladesh. One hundred specimens of pus, swab, or exudates from anorectal sepsis cases were studied. All the 61 isolates of E. coli were found to be highly resistant to most of the drugs used. Among these, 14 multidrug resistant E. coli were examined for ESBL production by double disc diffusion method. Six of these were found to be ESBL positive. PCR analysis revealed that 3 of the 6 isolates had coexistence of blaSHV, blaOXA and blaCTXM-1 genes. Two of the isolates had only blaSHV gene, whereas 1 isolate had a combination of blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Three of these were resistant to all the drugs tested, while two were sensitive to getamicin and one to ciprofloxacin. None of the E. coli strains possessed blaCTXM-2, blaCTXM-8, blaCTXM-9, and qnr genes.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 23-29

Note: Inhibition of Pathogenic Bacteria by Essential Oils at Different Concentrations

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Özkan ◽  
O. Sağdiç ◽  
M. Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paper Disc

The antimicrobial effect of 11 selected Turkish spice essential oils was investigated against seventeen pathogenic bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of six spices (cumin, fennel, laurel, mint, marjoram, oregano, pickling herb, sage, savory, thyme (black) and thyme) was tested at four concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 1 and 2%) on various microorganisms ( E. aerogenes, E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, K. pneumoniae, P. vulgaris, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, Y. enterocolitica, A. hydrophila, C. xerosis, M. luteus, M. smegmatis, E. feacalis, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens). All preparations showed antibacterial activity against at least one or more bacteria. The inhibitory effect of the essential oils was evaluated through paper disc diffusion method. In general, the essential oils at 1 and 2% levels were effective. The most active essential oils were marjoram, thyme and oregano. According to the results, the studied essential oils potentially might be used as antibacterial agents to prevent the spoilage of food products, although further research is needed.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY PATTERN IN CASES OF OSTEOMYELITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Spriha Smriti ◽  
Babita Kumari ◽  
Pratulya Nandan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Bone Cortex

Introduction- Osteomyelitis refers to infection of bone marrow which spread to the bone cortex and periosteum. Osteomyelitis is most commonly caused by pyogenic bacteria. Despite greater advances in treatment the management of osteomyelitis is quite challenging due to increasing development of antibiotic resistance. Material and Methods -100 patients were evaluated. Samples like pus or exudates or pieces of necrotic tissue were taken. Samples were subjected to gram’s staining and culture. Antimicrobial sensitivity was done using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS - Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by E.coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae P. aeuroginosa and Proteus. Staphylococcus aureus + E coli was the most common polymicrobial organism isolated. In trauma cases most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamycin was the commonest antibiotic which was effective for treatment of osteomyelitis followed by amikacin, tobramycin and levofloxacin.In cases of gram positive organism max were seen to sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.

Phenotypic Characterisation of Klebseilla pneumoniae Carbapenemase and Metallo Beta-lactamase in Carbapenem Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thresia . ◽  
Surya Sankar ◽  
Siju Joseph ◽  
V.R. Ambily ◽  
Anu Bosewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Background: Antibiotic resistance is an emerging concern in the therapy of clinical infections worldwide. Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have confirmed an increase in the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) among the Gram-negative bacterial pathogens associated with dogs, which could act as a potential source for the transfer of these resistant pathogens or their genetic determinants to human. Since carbapenems are the last resort drugs against these resistant pathogens, the study was aimed to isolate and characterise carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) associated with common clinical infections in dogs.Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected from lesional skin, urine and anterior vagina of dogs presented to the Veterinary Hospitals of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University at Mannuthy and Thrissur. The samples were cultured onto Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and Mac Conkey (MAC) for isolation of bacteria. Identification of the isolates was performed based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test (ABST) against the 12 commonly used beta-lactam and non–beta-lactam group of antibiotics by disc diffusion method and further subjected to screening for ESBL double disc diffusion method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were subjected to phenotypic confirmatory test for carbapenemase production employing Imipenem-EDTA and Ertapenem-boronic acid minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) strip method.Result: Forty four Gram-negative bacterial isolates obtained were viz., E. coli (30), K. pneumonia (11) and P. aeruginosa (3) from the 100 samples. Apart from these, other isolates obtained were Staphylococcus spp. (53) and Bacillus spp. (2). All the Gram-negative isolates were subjected to ABST employing 12 common antibiotics belonging to beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam groups. Multidrug resistance (MDR) could be observed in 28 E. coli, 11 K. pneumoniae and three P. aeruginosa isolates. All the 42 MDR isolates showed positive results for ESBL production. A total of 14 isolates out of the 44 Gram-negative bacilli were found to be resistant to carbapenem either to imipenem, meropenem or ertapenem. Among the 14 Gram-negative isolates, nine turned out to be positive for metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) and none for K. penumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) on phenotypic confirmatory test for detecting major carbapenemase enzymes. The present study documented that Gram- negative bacteria like E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs are showing an increase rate of resistance against carbapenems which are the last resort drugs against ESBL producers. Hence, there is an urgent need to curb the irrational and excessive use of antibiotics in veterinary sector.

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Terminalia Chebula Fruit Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (28) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Shweta Tyagi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Thepresentstudyincludesthephytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of the fruit of Terminalia chebula(harad) plant. Phytochemical screening of the fruit extract (shadedried)indicatedthepresenceofflavonoids,terpenoids,tannins,alkaloids,saponin, carbohydrates, protein and glycosides. The antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, diethylether, acetone, chloroform and aqueous extracts of fruit of Terminalia chebulawas evaluatedagainstthehumanpathogenicbacteria like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E coli, Pseudomonas fluorescensand fungilikeAspergillusniger,Aspergillusfumigates, Penicillium chrysogenumby disc diffusion method. Among the extracts analyzed ethanol and acetone extracts showed promising results. Theacetone fruit extract showedmaximum inhibition against Gram positive bacterialstrains(Staphylococcusaureus,12.5mm;Bacillussubtilis,12mm).Phytochemical tests carried out showed that the antimicrobial activityofplant Terminaliachebulafruit may be due to the presence of phytochemical compounds present in it.

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