scholarly journals COOVID-19: What have we learned since the beginning of the epidemic until today?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-265
Author(s):  
Ivana Milošević ◽  
Ankica Vujović
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
First Case ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Republic

In late December 2019, in the city of Wuhan, in China, the appearance of unknown viral pneumonia was recorded in a large number of patients. The cause of this infection was soon discovered - a new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, due to its genetic similarity to the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). The infection then spread rapidly to other continents, and the pandemic is still ongoing. The clinical presentation varies from the asymptomatic form to symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, and finally to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The elderly, immunocompromised patients, and patients suffering from chronic, internal medicine diseases are at risk of the severe form of the COVID-19 disease. The virus enters cells via angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are present in practically all tissues in the body. In addition to interstitial pneumonia, pathological changes are also found in other organ systems. The first case in Serbia was recorded on March 6, 2020. A large number of patients required the engagement of health workers of all profiles as well as the introduction of a large number of health institutions into the COVID system. The emergence of a new virus necessitated a new antiviral drug. Based on previous experience with the SARS-CoV virus, previously known antiviral drugs have been used, with varying degrees of success. The therapy changed in accordance with new knowledge, and since the beginning of the epidemic in Serbia, the National Protocol of the Republic of Serbia for the Treatment of the COVID-19 Infection has been established, which has kept apace with the recommendations of the world's leading institutions. The most significant event during the pandemic was the development of the vaccine against COVID-19, with vaccination in Serbia beginning in December 2020. How quickly the epidemic will end depends directly on the speed and efficiency of vaccination, along with other epidemiological measures.

PREVALENCE OF ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS OF DAGESTAN AND THE CONTENT OF Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb IN SOILS AND NATURAL WATERS OF THE TERRITORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Sh.K. Salikhov ◽  
◽  
D.Z. Alieva ◽  
U.A. Magomedova ◽  
S.О. Abdulkadyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Geochemical Factors ◽  
Essential Arterial Hypertension ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the study is to determine the role of geochemical factors (the content of Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb in soils and natural waters of the plain zone of Dagestan) in the prevalence of essential arterial hypertension (EAH) among the population of children. Materials and methods of research: an observational cross-sectional (one-step) study of the prevalence of EAH in the child population was carried out. The prevalence rates of EAH among children in the plain zone of the Republic of Dagestan are calculated for 100,000 children 0–17 years old, without taking into account gender differences. The content of elements (Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb) in the environment (soil, natural waters) was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) of indicators of the content of metals (Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb) in the regions and objects (soils, natural waters) of the study revealed a statistically significant difference in the data (for soils: F=81,06772, p<0,0002; for natural waters: F=58,86451, p<0,00001). The dependence of children's EAH on the content of chemical elements in the objects of the biosphere of Dagestan was determined, which was expressed in an increase in the number of patients with EAH when Pb content exceeded (r=+ 0,576, r=+ 0,759) and with the decrease of Mg (r=–0,668, r=–0,173), K (r=–0,440, r=–0,636), Ca (r=–0,693, r=–0,533), Zn (r=–0,051, r=–0,827) in soils and natural waters. Conclusion: when assessing the pathogenesis of EAH in the population of children, the content of Mg, K, Ca, Zn, Pb in soil and water should be taken into account, since these microelements, entering the body with water and food, affect the elemental status of child's body.

scholarly journals Faktor Dominan Lansia Aktif Mengikuti Kegiatan Posyandu di Dusun Ngentak

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Dita Anggraini ◽  
Zulpahiyana Zulpahiyana ◽  
Mulyanti Mulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Test Result

<p>Posyandu elderly aims to monitor the elderly condition in particular area because the body condition and aging process. But not all were able to actively follow the elderly Posyandu activities by various factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors related to the activity of the elderly following the Posyandu activities. This study was quantitative, using cross sectional design. From 155 respondents, 75 samples was obtained by purpossive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression. Chi-square test result in this study indicate the variables that have a relationship with liveliness elderly family support variable (p=0.001), service cadres (p=0.000) and service of health workers (p=0.000). While that does not have a relationship with the activity of the elderly is a variable job (p=0.570) as well as distance and access (p=1.000). The result showed that cadre services was most dominant relationship with the liveliness of the elderly. In conclusion, the factors that have a relationship with the activity of the elderly following the Posyandu activities are support families, services and service cadres of health workers. This study sugest, cadres should be more active to disseminate information concerning the elderly and increase the number of cadres Posyandu.</p>

Chronic Diarrhoea associated with Sacubitril-Valsartan use in an Elderly Female - The Benefits of Unprescribing

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankha Shubhra Chakrabarti ◽  
Vinti Dixit ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
Upinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Nyha Class ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Diarrhoea ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Elderly Female ◽  
First Case ◽  
Neprilysin Inhibitor ◽  
Tract Infections

Sacubitril/Valsartan is a novel Angiotensin Receptor Blocker-Neprilysin Inhibitor (ARNI) approved for the treatment of patients with NYHA class II-IV Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Hypotension, renal dysfunction, upper respiratory tract infections and angioedema are the common adverse effects reported with sacubitril/valsartan. Here, we report the first case of chronic non-resolving diarrhoea refractory to conventional therapy in an elderly female on sacubitril-valsartan treatment, which posed a diagnostic challenge. The case highlights the importance of suspecting novel drugs being sparsely used in the elderly population as the aetiology of new symptoms, and conducting a therapeutic de-challenge even in the face of apparently low causality scores.

scholarly journals Utilizing the Crosstalk Among Minocycline, Chicoric Acid, 13-Cis Retinoic Acid(Aerosolized) and Vitamin D as a Potent Quadrate Therapy for treating coinfection with Multidrug-resistant TB and COVID-19 . A double-edged sword Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ramadan Elkazzaz ◽  
Amr Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chicoric Acid ◽  
Mdr Tb

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease killer globally. It affected 10 million and killed 1.4 million people in 2019 alone. TB is considered a disease caused by a bacterium—Mycobacterium tuberculosis—that usually attacks the lungs, but can attack any part of the body. But TB has a worrisome connection to the novel coronavirus.. Both diseases are airborne and spread when people cough or sneeze. The predicted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is an additional 190,000 TB deaths in 2020, and it is expected in the next 5 y that there will be up to a 20% increase in the global TB disease burden, stressing the critical need for new safe and effective drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In addition, controlling multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) presents a huge public health challenge. Recently it was showed that hospitalized patients with Tuberculosis are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and complication. Furthermore, hospitalized patients with MDR-TB are increasingly vulnerable to COVID-19 complications than patients with non-resistant tuberculosis.. For someone with latent TB, contracting COVID-19 could activate the bacterium, potentially leading to an accelerated and more severe form of the disease WHO estimates that these COVID-19 related disruptions in access to TB care could cause an additional half a million TB deaths. Older age, especially >65 years, may be a risk factor for death from COVID-TB, consistent with previous findings indicating that the mortality rate from COVID-19 increases exponentially with age. Thus, the elderly should be the primary focus of both COVID-19 and COVID-TB mitigation efforts due to its much higher mortality risk in that group. COVID-TB patients had a much higher rate of comorbidities than COVID-19 patients At present, evidence suggests that the main transmission route of both COVID-19 and TB is via respiratory droplets, and their main target are the lungs, which can lead to a worse outcome among COVID-19 and TB coinfection patients (aptly abbreviated COVID-TB). As a result, coinfections with common viral and bacterial (COVID-TB) pathogens among hospitalized patients are a severe concern that will likely worsen patient outcomes and pose a real challenge for treating those patients.ConclusionsNew drug discovery could require several years with no guarantee but repurposing established drugs may be useful to treat confection with COVID-19 and Nonresistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: or resistant Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Here we demonstrate that we could utilize the crosstalk among Chicoric Acid, 13-Cis Retinoic Acid, Minocycline and vitamin D as a novel quadrate therapy against Multidrug-resistant TB and COVID-19 coinfection.

Generalized Seizure and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis following Levofloxacin Exposure

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan J Christie ◽  
Karen Wong ◽  
Robert H Ting ◽  
Paul Y Tam ◽  
Tabo Gordon Sikaneta
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Allergic Patient ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Organ Systems

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a ciprofloxacin-allergic patient who developed a generalized tonic—clonic seizure and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) following a single dose of levofloxacin. CASE SUMMARY: An 87-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital following a transient episode of unresponsiveness that had been accompanied by flailing of her limbs. Approximately 4 hours earlier, she had developed a pruritic rash on her trunk and limbs, and 3 hours before this had taken a first dose of levofloxacin. The fluoroquinolone had been prescribed for treatment of an upper respiratory tract infection. She had developed a skin rash approximately 3 years earlier following ciprofloxacin prescribed for a urinary tract infection. On admission, the patient had a normal neurologic examination. She was mildly hypomagnesemic (serum magnesium 1.7 mg/dL), with no other electrolyte imbalances present. Skin biopsy confirmed TEN. The lesions progressed to involve 30% of the body surface area and were managed with polymyxin B and gramicidin cream. Levofloxacin was discontinued on admission, and no anticonvulsants were prescribed. The woman remained seizure-free at discharge one week later. DISCUSSION: Generalized tonic—clonic seizures are a rare complication of levofloxacin therapy. TEN following levofloxacin use has, to our knowledge, as of March 28, 2005, been previously reported only once. The seizure and TEN were probably induced by levofloxacin as corroborated by the Naranjo probability scale. We believe that the previous adverse dermatologic reaction to ciprofloxacin sensitized our patient to levofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: These rare adverse reactions to levofloxacin, involving disparate organ systems, can occur simultaneously. A previous dematologic adverse reaction to a fluoroquinolone can sensitize a patient to more severe adverse reactions (with onset after only a single dose of the subsequent fluoroquinolone). Further fluoroquinolone use should be avoided in such patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Allergic and Pulmonological Diseases in the Republic of Karakalpakstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
S. Nurpulatova ◽  
Z. Kunnazarova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Contact Allergens ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic

The incidence rate among the population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan for the period 2017–2018 is presented. Patients who received treatment at the Department of Pulmonology and Allergology of the Republican Multidisciplinary Medical Center named after U. Halmuratov were examined. Studies have shown an increase in the number of patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectatic disease, interstitial lung disease, urticaria, allergic dermatitis, Quincke’s edema, lung cancer. In order to prevent allergic diseases, early prevention consists of an informative method — the installation of an allergic history in the family and relatives. If patients have a hereditary predisposition to allergic diseases, it is recommended to exclude in the last trimester products with a high allergenic effect (chocolate, nuts, citrus fruits, contact allergens), minimize drug intake, abandon bad habits, general hardening of the body, prevention of seasonal respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Assessment of information and health habits of patients with diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Nikola Savić ◽  
Igor Lukić ◽  
Jelena Mitrović ◽  
Zoran Jokić ◽  
Dušan Ružičić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Education Work

Objective. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body either does not produce or inadequately uses the hormone of the pancreas, insulin. Health education work with this population of patients is an important aspect of treatment and health care, it aims to change harmful health behavior and prevent complications. The aim of the research is to examine the information and health habits of patients with diabetes mellitus, to determine the presence of factors that can affect the worsening of the condition and lead to complications of the disease. Methods. The research was conducted according to the type of cross-sectional study. To collect data, a questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus was used, which the authors constructed for this research. The research was conducted in the population of patients with diabetes, in the period June-August 2018. at the General Hospital in Valjevo. The sample consisted of 110 respondents. Results. In the observed sample, almost 2/3 (63%) of the respondents are overweight, and almost 3/4 (74%) of the respondents regularly control their blood sugar values. More than 1/2 (56%) were educated for glycemic self-control, 70% were informed about signs of hyperglycemia, 87% were signs of hypoglycemia. More than 1/3 of respondents are exclusively on insulin therapy, 87% adhere to the therapeutic regimen, 87% of the subjects are trained for insulin self-application. 90% of respondents go to check-ups regularly, and 97% think that the information they receive from health workers is useful. Conclusion. Healthcare professionals of all profiles, primarily doctors and nurses, should continuously conduct health education work with people with diabetes. The largest number of patients in the observed sample were informed about their disease and hygienic dietary regime. In order to make the results even more encouraging, it is necessary to intensify health education work at all levels of health care.

scholarly journals SENAM LANSIA MEMPENGARUHI TEKANAN DARAH LANSIA DI PUSKESMAS KEBONSARI SURABAYA

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nety Mawarda Hatmanti ◽  
Diyah Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dominant Disease

Hypertension is the most dominant disease whose cases are increasing to all over the world, happening especially to the elderly. The correct prevention and treatment can decrease Hypertension. One of the non-pharmacological treatments for Hypertension is the physical activity, such as the gymnastics for the elderly. The routine gymnastics will affect on the blood circulation, which will increase the function of heart so that the blood will be pumped to all over the body and finally decrease the blood pressure. The design of research was analytic-cross sectional.The population involved 63 elderly visiting Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) for the elderly in which 40 elderly were taken as the samples by using simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square statistic test with the significance level α = 0,05. The result of research showed the significant change on the blood pressure of the elderly who have actively done the gymnastics (ρ < 0,002). This research showed a relationship between the gymnastics for the elderly and the blood pressure of the elderly. In conclusion, the health workers at Puskesmas (Community Health Center) are expected to be more active in conducting the gymnastics for the elderly routinely so that they can get maximum result. Moreover, the community nurses should give information about benefits of gymnastics to the elderly so that they will get motivated to do it routinely.

Hämophilie-Zentrum Bonn 1980 – 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S4-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Besmens ◽  
H.-H. Brackmann ◽  
J. Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Coagulation Disorder ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clotting Disorder ◽  
Regional Character

SummaryThe Bonn Haemophilia Care Center provides patient care on a superregional level. The centre’s large service area is, in part, due to the introduction of haemophilia home treatment and related to this the individualized prophylaxis in children and adults by Egli and Brack-mann in Bonn in the early 1970s, that represented a milestone in German haemophilia therapy. Epidemiologic patient data from the two selected time points, 1980 and 2009, are evaluated to illustrate the change in the composition of the patient clientele. In 1980 a total of 639 patients were treated at the Bonn Haemophilia Center. 529 patients exhibited a severe form and 110 a non-severe form of the respective clotting disorder. In 2009 the Bonn Haemophilia Center took care for a total of 837 patients. There were 445 patients who suffered from a severe form of the considered clotting disorder while 392 showed a non-severe course. The number of less severely affected patients has increased significantly in 2009. Patients in 1980 were predominantly suffering from a severe form and most had to travel more than 150 km from their homes to the treatment center. In 2009 the number of patients living a medium-long distance from the care provider has significantly increased while the number of patients living more than 150km from the center has decreased. Comparing 2009 to 1980 a growth of the center’s regional character becomes apparent, especially when patient age and severity of the coagulation disorder are taken into consideration. The regional character was more strongly pronounced with milder disease severity and lower patient age. Due to the existence of well established primary haemophilia care in CCCs in Germany, the trend for the recent years is that the proportion of young patients that choose haemophilia care providers closer to their homes is increasing.

Neutral Lipids of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document