FRENCH NEOLOGISMS IN LAROUSSE DICTIONARY OF 2018 AND 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Wahyu Julisdianti ◽  
Danny Susanto

Larousse is one of the most important and widely used French-language dictionaries. Larousse dictionary annually releases its new edition with the addition of on average 150 new words due to the appearance of new words, known as the phenomenon of neologism. The aim of this study is to identify how new words or neologisms in the Larousse dictionary edition of 2018 and 2019 were formed using a morphological approach. The analysis essentially uses the combination of theories of Lehmann & Martin-Berthet (1999) and Grevisse, M., & Goosse, A. (2007) on four types of word formation: derivation, composition, siglaison (acronym), and troncation (clipping). Neologisms are often influenced by foreign languages, therefore additional theory on borrowing words from other languages and lending factors introduced by Haspelmath & Tadmor (2009) is also used. Data was collected from Larousse dictionary’s digital press kit, served to promote their latest edition, and contains the new words added in the dictionary. The study indicates that the new words in the Larousse edition of 2018 and 2019 can be categorized into two groups: (1) the first group of neologisms that are formed by the process of word-formation and (2) the neologisms that are formed through loan words. Composition dominates the process of neologisms, followed by derivation. This relates to the difficulty of composition’s formation that is considered less complicated in terms of grammar compared with derivation. Then, clipping is only found in the second group of new words. An interesting finding is that based on data analysis there is a type of word formation with nom propre (proper noun) as a base word which has not been discussed by Lehmann & Martin-Berthet or Grevisse in their theory.

Werkwinkel ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Agata Kowalska-Szubert

Abstract Polish language contains hundreds of loan words from Dutch. They are rooted so firmly that they are capable of creating new words. This article presents the most common word-formation phenomena involving Dutch loan words. It also highlights their ability to form phrasemes and transfer meanings.


2019 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Styshov

The article focuses on one of the important layers of the lexical system of the national Ukrainian language at the beginning of the XXI century, namely the youth jargon neologisms. The recording of the spoken language of young people (schoolchildren, students of vocational schools, university students, cadets, etc.), as well as texts from the Internet and contemporary Ukrainian journalism and fiction, served as the material of the present study. The body of newly formed slang words under analysis comprises more than 200 units. The author defines and analyses the main sources of the mentioned units’ enrichment. The most effective among them is the word formation on the basis of specific and borrowed derivative sources. It has been shown that within the analyzed period the youth jargon neologisms are mostly enriched by nouns-neologisms formed, in particular, by means of suffixation, univerbalization, abbreviation, compounding, lexico-semantic derivation or without any affixes at all. Newly formed adjectives, verbs and adverbs, being not numerous in comparison with nouns-sociolects of youth, are coined primarily by suffixation. Another effective source of the youth social dialect enrichment is their direct entry into Ukrainian from foreign languages, such as English, Russian, German, Spanish, French, and Chinese. Among these new borrowings, English loan words prevail. Besides, a certain part of the youth neologisms has penetrated into speech of the young people from other jargons, such as computer, sports, automobile jargons. Some new units of the analyzed sociolect have come into use (mainly with a change in semantics) from a less effective source, i.e. a criminal argot.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Intan Riany Mandala

Abstract—This study classifies the form and formation of slang as a kind of an extra-linguistic form. To achieve the objective, the theory of word formation (Ridwan, 2003) was used. Data were obtained from “If You Know What Happened in MCI” novel. Referential method was made use in analyzing the data. The results of data analysis show that slang language occurs not only at the word level, but also at phrase and clause level. The majority, however, occurs at the word level. Language types included in the slang construction are not bound to one language but of many kinds, such as Indonesian, English, local language, mixture of two different languages and some of unrecognizable languages which were intensely code-mixed. Slang are formed through ten processes: coinage; borrowing; compounding; blending; clipping; conversion; back formation; acronym; derivation; multiple processes. Future nature of language would be adding on the existing theory of word formation, particularly that of morphological process of new words formation. Keywords: Slang; word formation; “If You Know What Happened in MCI” novel


Author(s):  
Anne Cutler

New words can be formed by adding suffixes to other words. Derived words formed in this way may be phonologically transparent with respect to their base word, or they may be opaque; monstrous is preserved in monstrous#ness but not in monstro+sity. The juncture between suffix and stem is either a word boundary (#) or a formative boundary (+), and while word boundary derivations are always transparent, formative boundary derivations usually result in stress shifting to a syllable other than the syllable which is stressed in the base word, vowel quality changing, etc.


Author(s):  
Ika Lusi Kristanti ◽  
Diana Mayasari

Reduplication is usually used by society in daily communication. Principally, reduplication relates with word formation. In reduplication, we need to consider the base of the word, the change of phoneme, and the use of affixation. For example: the base word of “rumah” becomes “rumah-rumah”. “Rumah-rumah” means many houses. It can called reduplication, but it does not change the phoneme and does not use affix. This phenomenon occurs in the utterance of Manduro society. Thus, researchers conduct the research in reduplication pattern in the utterance of Manduro society. Descriptive qualitative research is a research type choosen by the researchers. In this case, the researchers use purposive sampling technique in determining the sample of the research. In collecting the data, the researchers use interview, recording, observation, and Swadesh Morris questionnaire to obtain the vocabulary. Meanwhile, data analysis technique used by researchers is inductive analysis with data classification: the use of padan and agih methods, reduction, the scope of theory, and conclusion. Based on the result of the research, there are some reduplication patterns in the utterance of manduro society, such as: full reduplication and partial reduplication


Virittäjä ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Pitkänen-Heikkilä

Artikkeli tarkastelee eläintaksonomisen sanaston kehittämistä suomen kieleen 1800-luvulla. 1800-luvun sanastotyötä tarkastellaan käyttäen aineistona kolmeatoista julkaistua tietokirjaa vuosilta 1856–1881. Tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään myös niiden arvosteluja sekä kääntäjien ja kirjoittajien esipuheita ja kirjeenvaihtoa. Pohjatekstien ja käännösten sekä vieraskielisten termien ja niiden suomennosten vertailu tuovat esiin sanastonkehittäjien työssä vaikuttaneet normit. Myös oheistekstit kertovat näistä konventioista ja varsinkin siitä, kuinka hyvin kääntäjät itse tiedostivat ne. Kirjeenvaihto paljastaa yhteistyöverkostot ja avaa kirjoitusprosessia, kun taas kirja-arviot kertovat teosten ja niiden sanaston saamasta vastaanotosta. Artikkelissa myös verrataan eläintieteellisessä sanastonkehittelyssä 1800-luvulla vaikuttaneita normeja 2000-luvun alun laajaan sanastoprojektiin, jossa nisäkäsnimistö sai runsaasti uusia nimiä ja jolloin myös monia vanhoja nimiä muutettiin. Tutkimus osoittaa, että sanaston aukkojen täyttämisen keinot olivat 1800-luvun tietokirjatyössä melko erilaiset kuin 2000-luvun nimistöhankkeessa. Uudet keinot ovat johtaneet usein läpinäkymättömiin termeihin: käännöslainojen (esim. imettävät eläimet < ruots. däggande djur) sijaan suositaan lainasanoja (esim. kolokolot < engl. colocolos), ja yhdistämisen ja johtamisen sijaan on käytetty runsaasti uudenlaisia sananmuodostuskeinoja, muun muassa lyhentämistä (häntähekot ← pitkähäntähedelmälepakot) ja kontaminaatioita (jyystiäiset ← jyrsijäpäästäiset). 2000-luvun sanastotyössä vaikuttaneita normeja tarkastellaan nisäkäsnimistötoimikunnan omien periaatteiden ja toteutuneen työn lisäksi siinä laajassa keskustelussa, jota käytiin vuodesta 2008 alkaen niin Luonnontieteellisen keskusmuseon verkkosivustolla kuin lehdistössäkin. Artikkeli osoittaa, että osa sanastotyötä ohjaavista käytänteistä on sellaisia, jotka ovat vaikuttaneet työhön 1800-luvulla ja vaikuttavat nykyisinkin. Aiheita, jotka ovat puhuttaneet sekä varhaisnykysuomen ajalla että nykyisessä digisuomen ajassa, ovat vakiintuneisuus, vierasperäisyys, läpinäkyvyys, loogisuus, selkeys, taksonominen systemaattisuus ja sanastotyön tekijän asiantuntijuus. Artikkeli osoittaa, että tietokirjojen kirjoittajien ja suomentajien valinnat ovat merkittäviä erikoisalan sanastotyölle ja että tieteellisellä sanastolla ja sen suomentamisella on oma normistonsa. Normeista poikkeaminen voi herättää laajan julkisen keskustelun, kuten kävi kymmenen vuotta sitten.   Norms in the translation of scientific vocabulary into Finnish: The development of zoological vocabulary in the 19th and 21st centuries The article examines the development of zoological vocabulary in Finnish and norms influencing the formation of scientific vocabulary, particularly during the 19th century. By examining 13 non-fiction books published between 1856 and 1881 and their associated source texts, the article explores the translation and development of scientific vocabulary within the discipline of zoology. In addition, this vocabulary-developing project is explained using paratexts: book reviews, forewords by writers or translators, and correspondence between actors. The comparison of source and target texts reveals the many solutions that authors and translators have employed and the conventions they have absorbed. These paratexts reveal norms and conventions, as well as translators’ awareness of these norms. The correspondence between actors reveals collaboration networks and opens up the word formation process, whereas book reviews provide much information about how readers received such new vocabularies. The vocabulary project in 19th-century zoology is here compared to the reformation of Finnish mammal nomenclature at the beginning of the 21st century. This study demonstrates that the methods of filling the vocabulary gaps in the scientific Finnish of the 21st century differ conclusively from the methods used in the 19th century. During the 19th century, loan translations (e.g. imettävät eläimet < Swed. däggande djur) were typical, and new words were formed transparently, primarily by compounding and deriving from existing domestic material. Contrastingly, the vocabulary creation methods of the 21st century have produced words that are more opaque: loan words (e.g. kolokolot < Engl. colocolos) have been formed instead of loan translations and semantically unclear abbreviations (häntähekot ← pitkähäntähedelmälepakot), and blends (jyystiäiset ← jyrsijä-päästäiset) have been formed alongside many miscible compounds and derivations. The comparison of paratexts shows that the same subjects were discussed in the period of early modern Finnish as during the current days of modern Finnish. The discussion makes many norms visible, e.g. the establishment, transparency, logicality, clarity, taxonomical systematicity and expertism of authors and translators. Vocabulary must be understandable, clear and transparent; logicality and taxonomical systematicity are also required. Established vocabulary should be retained. The developers of scientific vocabularies require expertise in both the source language and the subject field. The article demonstrates that, with regard to special vocabulary, authors’ and translators’ choices are significant, and the translation of scientific vocabulary has norms of its own – and can therefore lead to broad public discussion.


Author(s):  
N.N. Zaitseva

The lexical level is the most mobile part of the language system. This mobility is in many respects caused by word-formation mechanisms. In live informal conversation the process of occurrence of new words is continuous and active. The basic part of new words is created according to productive models. The share of occasional ways in word-formation is less. However, it grows, as the occasional way in itself is more expressive and more emphatic. In the work we will pay attention to the words created by means of one of the ways of occasional word-formation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Rahmad Hidayat

This research is here to explain several forms of errors in the material module of the Pendidikan Profesi Guru Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020. Research on the analysis of language errors in the PPG module has never been carried out.  In data collection, used the Listening method with the Note Technique.  The data are recorded in such a way in tabulations.  In analyzing the data, the Intralingual Matching method was used with HBS and HBB techniques. HBS and HBB techniques are realized by comparing between language data and applicable rules.  Furthermore, deviant linguistic data are classified based on the types of violations against linguistic rules and theories.  The presentation of the results of data analysis in this study is based on the taxonomy of linguistic categories in language error analysis.  The results showed that in the module I PPG Dalam Jabatan Tahun 2020 there were spelling errors in the form of punctuation errors, capital letters errors, italicization errors, and word writing errors; morphological errors in the form of word formation errors and word non-conformity; syntactic errors in the form of misuse of conjunctor and ineffective sentences.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P.A. Bhuwana ◽  
I.G. Budasi ◽  
G. Mahendrayana

The development of music, film, and other industry of entertainment is stated to contribute to the existence of slang words. There are so many slang words that become popular after they are included in the lyrics of songs. One of them is YOLO (You Only Live Once) which is popularized by Drake. In relation to that, this descriptive qualitative research attempts to find out the types and word formation processes of slang words found in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. By taking the model of document analysis by Bowen (2009) and Qualitative data analysis by Miles and Hubberman (1994), it is found out that there are 190 slang words existing in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. They are respectively categorized into Clipping type (62 slangs), Fresh and Creative type (44 slangs), Compounding type (44 slangs), Imitative type (36 slangs), and Acronym type (4 slangs).


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Usmanova Liliya Abrarovna ◽  
Minakhmetova Aliya Ildarovna ◽  
Arkin Rosy Artuchi

This article is devoted to the linguoculturological competence development among schoolchildren in the process of teaching the Russian language. The object of scientific consideration was the lexeme "rainbow", which refers to the most ancient layer of words and has a deep national and cultural specificity. In accordance with the set tasks of our work, we used descriptive-analytical, stylistic, component, distributive methods of data analysis, the method of the semantic field. An integrated approach to the study of the lexeme "rainbow" implies a multifaceted analysis, including the analysis of dictionary definitions, collection of etymological information, consideration of word-formation relations, study of the paremiological status of a word, its discursive features, identification of traditional and individual author's meanings and, thus, reflection in the form of creative work of students, reflecting the information received about this lexeme... An upbringing approach in Russian language lessons helps students discover aesthetic ways of understanding the world, without which it is impossible to describe the Russian language picture of the world.    


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