scholarly journals Plug Cell Volume, Main Temperature and the Synthetic Cytokinin 6, Benzyl Aminopurine (BAP) Spray on Lettuce Biomass Accumulation during Nursery at Ambient Temperatures

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-135
Author(s):  
J. Chertok ◽  
D. Carnelos ◽  
J. Lozano Miglioli ◽  
P. Fujinuma ◽  
E. Giardina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Exogenous Cytokinin ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Benzyl Amino Purine

Although nursery lettuce information is plentiful, the use of exogenous cytokinin (6, benzyl amino purine, BAP) as a plant growth regulator, which would increase vegetable nursery yield has only recent suggested. On the other hand, biomass relationships between plug cell volumes, BAP uses and main temperature during nursery is quite scarce. Our results showed that the growth response of lettuce seedlings during nursery is firstly related to mean air temperature, independently the environmental characteristics of the cultivar tested. From the view of a nursery grower, yield can be optimize when higher plug cell number per tray was used or a BAP spray was applied to limited plug trays (128- or 288-cells). One of the novelty result of this work reside in the objective protocol proposed (the marginal root dry weight accumulation rate) to decide the time to transplant. Finally, our results showed that plug purchaser would be change their visual criteria when they buy BAP-treated lettuce for increased field yield.

scholarly journals Vegetative and Reproductive Response to Fruit Load in Two Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Noemi Tel-Zur ◽  
Arnon Dag
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Simmondsia Chinensis ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Fruit Load

Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a wax crop cultivated mainly in arid and semi-arid regions. This crop has been described as an alternate-bearing plant, meaning that it has a high-yield year (“on-year”) followed by a low-yield year (“off-year”). We investigated the effect of fruit load on jojoba’s vegetative and reproductive development. For two consecutive years, we experimented with two high-yielding cultivars—Benzioni and Hazerim—which had opposite fruit loads, i.e., one was under an on-year load, while the other was under an off-year load simultaneously. We found that removing the developing fruit from the shoot during an off-year promotes further vegetative growth in the same year, whereas in an on-year, this action has no effect. Moreover, after fruit removal in an on-year, there was a delay in vegetative growth renewal in the consecutive year, suggesting that the beginning of the growing period is dependent on the previous year’s yield load. We found that seed development in the 2018 season started a month earlier than in the 2017 season in both cultivars, regardless of fruit load. This early development was associated with higher wax content in the seeds. Hence, the wax accumulation rate, as a percentage of dry weight, was affected by year and not by fruit load. However, on-year seeds stopped growing earlier than off-year seeds, resulting in smaller seeds and an overall lower amount of wax per seed.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Paclobutrazol Soil Application as it Relates to the Timing of Utility Right-of-Way Pruning

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Haugen ◽  
Kevin Tucker ◽  
Alex Smalling ◽  
Emily Bick ◽  
Steve Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
The Ideal

The plant growth regulator paclobutrazol’s effect on live oak trees (Quercus virginiana) was evaluated to determine optimum timing of application and pruning time in Louisiana. Variables considered included length of branch regrowth, branch distance to conductor, pruning time and biomass chipping time. Data were evaluated to determine the ideal application timing of paclobutrazol relative to time of pruning. Live oak trees treated with paclobutrazol had significantly reduced branch regrowth, pruning time and chipping time, as compared to control trees regardless of application timing. Paclobutrazol application on live oak trees was idealized within 90 days pre- to 90 days post-prune. Economically, significant gains were found by utilizing this tool ranging from 180 days pre- to 180 days post-prune, allowing for application timing flexibility to reduce the growth of trees near power lines. Paclobutrazol treated live oak trees demonstrated significantly less re-growth response.

scholarly journals Organogenesis Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Asal Eksplan Bunga Betina

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Tyas Larasati ◽  
Suci Rahayu ◽  
Fauziyah Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

The objectives of this research were to composed organ from callus culture and to found the best concentration of plant growth regulator for organ growth from female flower explant of oil palm. This research has already done from June 2014 to May 2015 at Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Science University of North Sumatera. This research used Nonfactorial Completely Random Design. Explant was treated with five concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; 99, 110, 120, 132, and 140 mg/L) for callus induction on Y3 medium (Eeuwens 1976). The result of this research showed that organ was formed from this treatment (basal segment of female flower explant) was root organ. 2,4-D plant growth regulator positively affected to growing of the root. The best result for time of callus induction, time of root growth, the highest percentage of explants that formed the root, fresh weight and dry weight of callus that has become the root generation was resulted from 99 mg/L 2,4-D.   Key words: Elaeis guineensis Jacq., female flower, plant growth regulator 2,4-D, organogenesis

Response of winter barley cultivars to nitrogen and a plant growth regulator in relation to lodging

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. White
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Damage Susceptibility

SUMMARYApplications of nitrogen and a plant growth regulator (mepiquat chloride and ethephon) were used to manipulate stem structure and induce differing degrees of damage due to leaning and lodging in six cultivars of winter barley grown in Belfast, UK, in 1986/87. Weighted incidences of leaning and lodging were combined to give an index indicating damage susceptibility of the cultivars. The index was very high (70) in Pipkin and ranged between 1 and 18 in the other cultivars. Differences between cultivars in number of internodes, plant height and stem weight did not explain their differences in resistance to damage. However, dry weight per unit length ranged from 2·35 and 2·34 mg/mm in the strongest cultivars, Panda and Jennifer, respectively, to 1·75 mg/mm in the weakest cultivar, Pipkin.Nitrogen application increased plant height but did not affect dry weight/main stem, so that dry weight/unit length of stem decreased. The growth regulator treatments reduced plant height and although dry weight/stem did not decrease significantly, dry weight/unit length of stem was similar in treated and untreated plots.Dry weight/unit length has potential as an objective indicator of straw strength in winter barley cultivars and could be used in cultivar evaluation in the absence of damage in field trials.

Variation of Taxane Content in Needles of Taxus x media Cultivars with Different Growth Characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinkun Wang ◽  
Yinghua Huang ◽  
Andrew J. Mort ◽  
Yuhong Zeng ◽  
Charles G. Tauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Baccatin Iii ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Taxus X Media ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Group 1

AbstractNeedles from 17 different Taxus x media cultivars, belonging to 4 groups showing different growth characteristics, were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography for their content of 10-deacetylbaccatin III, baccatin III, cephalomannine and paclitaxel (Taxol®). The 4 Taxus x media cultivar groups were: 1.) medium to fast growing and upright form; 2.) slow growing and upright form; 3.) fast growing and spreading form; and 4.) slow growing and spreading form. The purpose of this study was to identify yew cultivars of fast growth rate, upright growth and high taxane content in their needles. The highest content of paclitaxel was found in ‘Coleana’ of group 1 (378 μg/g of the extracted dry weight). Three cultivars in group 1, ‘Coleana’, ‘Stovekenii’ and ‘Hicksii’, make good candidates for taxane extraction because of their high paclitaxel and 10-deacetylbaccatin III content, fast biomass accumulation and upright growing form. They are also good starting materials to develop alternative methods for the production of paclitaxel and its analogous compounds through modern biotechnology approaches.

Effect of Cytokinins on the Expansion and Metabolism of Excised Cucumber Cotyledons

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
C Tsui ◽  
Tao Guo-qing ◽  
Chen Hui-ying ◽  
Son Yan-ru ◽  
Lian Han-ping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Expansion of excised cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons was stimulated by treatment with cytokinin, and commenced after a lag period of about 4 h. Expansion induced by benzyladenine (BA) was due mainly to increase of fresh weight, but cell number increased slightly. Hydrolysis of protein and lipid was stimulated by BA, and soluble sugars increased simultaneously. However, there was no significant change in the dry weight of cotyledons during the period of expansion. It is assumed that the transformation of lipid to sugar in the cotyledon is stimulated by BA. The respiration of cotyledons was evidently stimulated by BA and was entirely inhibited by respiratory inhibitors, e.g. NaN,, malonate and dinitrophenol. Inhibitors of protein and nucleic acid synthesis, such as chloramphenicol and actinomycin D, inhibited only the BA-induced expansion. They had no effect on the expansion of controls. These results suggest that different biochemical processes are involved in the expansion of cotyledons induced by BA and in controls. The former is related not only to respiration but also to the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid. BA increased DNA and RNA content per cotyledon. The increase of total RNA is due mainly to the increase of 25 S and 18 S rRNA.

A Comparison of Various Growth Parameters of Cell Suspension Cultures to Determine Phytotoxicity of Xenobiotics

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Davis ◽  
Rosa L. Stolzenberg ◽  
Joan A. Dusky
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cell Volumes

An assessment was made of various parameters to measure growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wilkin’] and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) cell suspension cultures to establish convenient methods of screening the effects of chemicals. Methods assessed were settled cell volumes, packed cell volumes, absorbance at 525 nm of sonicated aliquots, dry weights (of aliquots or entire flask contents), and electrical conductivity and pH of the culture medium. Settled cell volumes, conductivity, and dry-weight changes were the most useful of the methods tested for determining the phytotoxicity of a nonionic linear alcohol ethylene oxide detergent (an adduct of 1-dodecanol containing eight ethylene oxide units) and the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Because 3 to 4 weeks were required to assess whether the cultures could grow out of the initial inhibition by the detergent or herbicide, none of the methods was rapid. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods and their relative values for screening compounds are described.

scholarly journals Light reduction and moisture stress: effects on growth and water relations of western larch seedlings

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan C. Vance ◽  
Steven W. Running
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures

Ten-week-old western larch (Larixoccidentalis Nutt.) seedlings were grown in a greenhouse under 70, 37, and 27% full sunlight from late July to early October. In August, seedlings under each light treatment were repetitively water stressed until predawn leaf water potential (Bψ1) reached one of three levels: no stress (> −0.4 MPa), moderate stress (−0.7 to −1.0 MPa), and severe stress (−1.5 to −1.8 MPa). Moisture stressing significantly reduced height and diameter of seedlings grown under 70% light. Light reduction reduced shoot and root biomass accumulation. A positive linear relation was found between root dry weight and light intensity. The largest seedlings (on a weight basis) received the highest light, were unstressed, and had the lowest shoot/root ratios. Terminal bud set was not affected by light reduction or moisture stressing but occurred under a 14-h photoperiod and reduced nighttime temperatures. Stressed and shaded seedlings had significantly reduced diurnal K1 and stress-cycled seedlings showed an adjustment to stressing. The K1 of unstressed seedlings was correlated with humidity deficit (ABHD), and K1 of stressed seedlings, with Bψ1, and ABHD. Maximum K1 declined with decreasing Bψ1, but not to a level indicating complete stomatal closure.

Ozone effects on the growth of grafted mature and juvenile red spruce

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Rebbeck ◽  
Keith F. Jensen ◽  
Michael S. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Final Harvest

Grafted juvenile and mature scions of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) were grown in open-top chambers at a low-elevation site in central Maine to determine if developmental age of tissue affects response to oxidant pollution. After 18 weeks of ozone exposure, grafted red spruce showed little or no growth response to ozone. No significant ozone effect on biomass production was measured, although there were significant differences between juvenile and mature scions. At the final harvest, juvenile scion stem, stem needles, branches, branch needles, and roots had 60, 18, 74, 73, and 35% more dry weight, respectively, than mature scions. Despite the observed differences in growth and biomass production, the two graft types did not differ in their responses to ozone, suggesting that tissue age may not be a factor in ozone-tolerant woody species such as red spruce. It does not preclude the importance of assessing the influence of age on other woody species' response to air pollution. This type of information is critical for extrapolation of seedling data to field conditions with mature trees.

The effect of two audible sound frequencies on the germination and growth of a spring and winter wheat

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearl Weinberger ◽  
Mary Measures
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Audible Sound ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Germination And Growth

The effect of sound of 5 kc/s and 12 kc/s on the germination and growth of grains and seedlings of vernalized spring (Marquis) and winter (Rideau) wheats was investigated. Untreated controls were simultaneously followed, and all experimental series were replicated at least three times. Growth cabinets were systematically interchanged with the replications to eliminate other variables. Sound at both frequencies significantly stimulated the germination of Marquis grains maintained at 2° and 10 °C. At 25 °C the rate of germination was unchanged. An indication of a slightly elevated germination rate was observed in Rideau grains held at 2° and exposed to 5 kc/s. Neither frequency significantly affected germination at 10° or 25 °C.Growth of plants derived from fully vernalized grains was followed by measuring total plant height, wet and dry weight of "tops", number of roots, and their fresh and dry weights. Rideau wheat grew more vigorously at both sound frequencies. Continuous exposure to 5 kc/s both during vernalization and subsequent growth resulted in a 200% or greater increase in all parameters followed. The growth response of Marquis wheat was dependent upon treatment. Some conditions of sound exposure accelerated growth, whereas in others growth was depressed.

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