scholarly journals Paying for Health Care by Households in Ghana: The Effects of Poverty Status and Location

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Anthony Abbam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The People ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Policy Priority ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Demand For Health

The quest for economic growth and development can be attained based on the quality and quantity of human capital of a country and that is underpinned by the good health enjoyed by the people. This paper examines the effects of poverty status and north-south dichotomy on household’s health expenditure using data from the latest wave of GLSS-VI by estimating a Tobit model. The paper establishes considerable differences in household health expenditure with respect to two categories of poverty status (very poor and poor) and north-south dichotomy. Particularly, there was a negative significant relationship between household poverty status and demand for health. Very poor and poor households pay increasingly less on health care compared to non-poor households. Further, demand for health was significantly influenced by household characteristics such as age, household size and education in both the southern and northern part of the country. The paper recommends that policy strategies to improve income generating activities of households should be pursued as this may engender greater demand for healthcare by individuals from poorer households. Besides, policy priority should be placed on bridging health infrastructural gap between the southern and northern sectors of the country.

On Health Expenditure and Income Inequality

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-151
Author(s):  
Orhan Torul
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Using Data

This study investigates the relationship between health care expenditure and income inequality empirically. Using data from a large panel of countries covering a sizeable period of time, how level and composition of health care expenditures correlate with income inequality is studied via the panel data fixed effects estimation methodology. These estimations yield several robust findings. First, there is a significant positive correlation between income inequality and reliance on private resources for health care financing. Second, there exists a significant negative correlation between health care expenditure per capita and income inequality. Third, there is a significant negative correlation between income inequality and health care expenditure as a share of GDP. Next, this study analyzes a select group of well-established democracies with developed economies to detect if health expenditure and income inequality variables correlate with public beliefs and preferences. Empirical analyses reveal that indeed belief and preferences accord well with policy choices.

scholarly journals Equity in Health Care Expenditure in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
Frances Susan Obafemi ◽  
Olanrewaju Olaniyan ◽  
Frances Ngozi Obafemi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Risk Pooling ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Using Data

Equity is one of the basic principles of health systems and features explicitly in the Nigerian health financing policy. Despiteacclaimed commitment to the implementation of this policy through various pro-poor health programmes and interventions,the level of inequity in health status and access to basic health care interventions remain high. This paper examines theequity of health care expenditure by individuals in Nigeria. The paper evaluated equity in out-of-pocket spending (OOP) forthe country and separately for the six geopolitical zones of the country. The methodological framework rests on KakwaniProgressivity Indices (KPIs), Reynold-Smolensky indices and concentration indices (CIs) using data from the 2004 Nigerian National Living Standard Survey (NLSS) collected by the National Bureau of Statistic. The results reveal that health financing is regressive with the incidence disproportionately resting on poor households with about 70% of the total expenditure on health being financed through out-of-pocket payments by households. Poor households are prone to bear most of the expenses in the event of any health shock. The catastrophic consequences thus push some into poverty, and aggravate the poverty of others. The paper therefore suggests that the country’s health financing systems must be such that allows people to access services when they are needed, but must also protect household, from financial catastrophe, by reducing OOP spending through risk pooling and prepayment schemes within the health system.

Health Transition and Needs-Based Technology Planning and Implementation

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitr Sitthi-Amorn
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Technology Planning ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The People ◽  
Cost Of Health Care ◽  
Economic Improvement

AbstractInvestment in health can offer additional benefits to development independent of economic improvement. Many technologies have been useful in improving the health of the people in the past. However, rapid and often unpredictable change has contributed to the inequity, inefficiency, and rising cost of health care. This paper outlines why a needs-based approach to assessing any new technology in the health sector is essential. To respond to changing needs, capacities within the health care system, several of which are described here, must be strengthened. Needs-based technology planning and implementation is affordable and feasible and is crucial in order that both health as a basic human right and good health at low cost can be attained.

Proxy Means Tests to Identify the Income Poor: Application for the Case of Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong Viet Nguyen ◽  
Dat Tho Tran
Keyword(s):  
Support Programs ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Poverty Targeting

Poverty targeting plays an important role in ensuring the success of support programs for the poor. We assess the governmental poverty targeting in Vietnam, which identifies poor households by collecting income data using a simple two-page questionnaire. We propose a proxy means tests (PMT) method to predict income and poverty status of households using data on basic household characteristics. Compared with the poverty targeting using the simple income questionnaire, the PMT method has higher coverage and lower leakage rates. In addition, the proposed approach also allows for more transparent and comparable poverty estimation across small areas in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Designing A Cloud-Based Framework using Data Mining for Healthcare Services in Remote Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The People ◽  
Using Data

Advancement is recently made inthe medicinal field producesnew innovative technologies to the healthcare sector and medical services. Access to quality healthcare is a major problem in remote areas, with a doctor-to-patient ratio as high as 1:20,000 which is far above the recommended ratio of the World Health Organization (WHO). This has been antagonized by a lack of access to critical infrastructures such as the health care facilities, roads, electricity, and many others. To watch basic medical parameters for identifying the abnormalities within the first stage of chronic diseases need regular interval hospital visits, which can be a comparatively costly and time-consuming process. Rare availabilities of doctors or medical centers, ignorance of the people, and proper care at the right time are the prime causes of great medical concern, which leads to unexpected death. This work is an attempt to solve basic health problems and take advice from registered medical experts for the betterment of the targeted community.Rapid development in the cloud environment, health care services are reasonable to the people in remote areas. It is necessary to predict the disease and connect with the doctor to get an early diagnosis of disease. The imperative goal of the paper is to develop a cloud-based framework using data mining to enhance healthcare in remote areas. The cloud-based framework is designed and simulated by using Matlab R2018b. Fast SearchGrowing Self Classifier (FS-GS) data mining classifier is developed to separate the data from the cluster to correlate the symptoms of patients with specialists. The classifier parameters like accuracy, precision, recall, sensitivity, and specificity are analyzed to compare the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with the other data mining algorithms like Naive Bayes, Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbor, and Support Vector Machine Linear. The proposed FS-GS data mining Classifier obtains an accuracy of 92%, the precision of 90.01%, recall of 90.06%, the sensitivity of 94.91%, and specificity of 92.6%. For the effectiveness, the proposed algorithm is compared with the various mining data classification algorithms to showmance of the proposed algorithm. Ultimately, the result shows the proposed algorithm scores higher outputs than all other algorithms in realtime scenarios respectively.

scholarly journals The Context Specific Factors Affecting Women Empowerment and Empowerment’s Implications for Resource Allocation, Awareness and Fertility: An Econometric Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mokammel Karim Toufique
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Female Education ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Context Specific

Using data from a survey of Bangladeshi households, this paper constructs an index of women empowerment and explores both the determinants of empowerment of married women and the impacts that empowerment has on various aspects of a woman’s life. The findings reveal that female education, her involvement in income generating activities (both formal and informal) and the structure of the household (unit or extended) are important determinants. As regards the impacts of empowerment on the female’s life, the paper finds that empowerment affects her food intake and expenditure patterns in quantitative and qualitative terms – it positively impacts women’s nutritional status and health care and confers positive impacts on taking family planning measures. Also empowered women’s behavior is less discriminating when it comes to serving food among family members.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE HEALTH CONDITION OF THE STUDENTS FROM THE MEDICAL COLLEGE J. FILARETOVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 657-661
Author(s):  
Mariana Albert ◽  
Silviya Traykova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The People ◽  
Attention To Students ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Political Economic

In recent years the efforts of researchers, educators and professionals in education and health care are aimed at scientific and applied research on the State of health of the people. In the national programme for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (2014-2022)lack of physical activity along with smoking, alcohol abuse, unhealthy nutrition is defined as a major risk factor for chronic diseases.Students with different majors in the field of health care are the future specialists with the key to the development of health care, the economy and the social sphere.Motivation for conducting this research is to study the health of first classes students in Medical collegeSports teachers exhibit to raise aspiration motor activity of the students, as a means to improve and maintain good health throughout the period of their studies. The aim of the study is to establish the health of students and to pay special attention to students with health problems in sports classesTasks:1. Explore what the patients' illnesses are.2. To separate groups of related diseases3. Develop appropriate kinesitherapeutic programs that students can perform in sports classes.The object of study was 200 students from first year of both sexes.The survey was done through 2018. For the purposes of some empirical sociological survey questionnaire was designed, which is direct, standardized in writing. The results show that the average age of students in the first year of 2018/2019. at the Medical College is 23.9 years old. A positive fact is that 50% of the students are up to 20 years old, they did as soon as they finished their education. 23% apply after a few years, and young mothers are also included in this group. As a result of the dynamic political, economic and social changes leading to market economy processes, the number of potential students over the age of thirty (24%) has increased sharply as a result of unemployment and job cuts. This trend is the reason to increase the number of students with healthy ones, which are already 17% of newly admitted students.

Health Communication: Implications for Diverse Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Amy Hasselkus
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Health Care Decisions ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Health Related

The need for improved communication about health-related topics is evident in statistics about the health literacy of adults living in the United States. The negative impact of poor health communication is huge, resulting in poor health outcomes, health disparities, and high health care costs. The importance of good health communication is relevant to all patient populations, including those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Efforts are underway at all levels, from individual professionals to the federal government, to improve the information patients receive so that they can make appropriate health care decisions. This article describes these efforts and discusses how speech-language pathologists and audiologists may be impacted.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

MODEL UNTUK MENILAI KESIAPAN PEMDA “DKI JAKARTA” DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH BERBASIS DUNIA USAHA

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puguh Suharso
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Achievement Level ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The People ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Level Of Effort ◽  
Research Analysis

Globalisation era is surely passed on and to lead the people of the world into social interactive one another and also economical competitiveness. How far is DKI Jakarta Government preparing to be up against the global competitiveness in the frame-work to manifest improving the standard of living like advanced of society. There are some of indicators to be used as well as criterion to measure an achievement level of effort to be advanced of society, i.e infrastructure which needed by entrepreneur like : permission, taxation, laboract, traffic road, customs and harbor, publics infrastructure servicing, landuse, security condition, business financial access, and business environment condition. It was the research analysis be done by using data gathering from entrepreneur opinion at the operational area. The aim of research analysis is to measure how level of each indicator value has DKI Jakarta Government prepared to be up against the global competitiveness ? The research conclusion says that : DKI Jakarta Government has well enough prepared to be up against the global competitiveness. The weakness indicator is just taxation because its category included in bad (goodless) while the other indicators are well enough. The measuring parameters due to weakness taxationare time necessity for servicing to arrange tax, amount and various of region retribution, amount and various of region tax, and clarity of tax arrangement prucedure.

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