Formula in Tuja'i Molo'opu Custom Speech Procession of Leaders Acceptance in Gorontalo Community

One of the oral literature which is still used in Gorontalo custom event is Tuja'i Molo'opu. Oral literature is uttered at the ceremonial officials' reception in Gorontalo. As other traditions are changing, Tuja'i Molo'opu also along with the changes of the society. Therefore, it needs to be held as the foundation for the preservation of the study of oral literature of Tuja'i Molo'opu. Thus, the Tuja'i Molo'opu ceremony does not complement the Molo'opu ceremony but contains moral messages, which as ancestors, messages to the man who will lead in Gorontalo. The theory used in this research is the theory of orality Albert Bates Lord and Ruth Finnegan. To apply this theory used two approaches, namely, structural and Ethnographic approaches. The structural approach is used to examine the formula composition of the tuja'I Molo'opu text as oral poetry. While the ethnographic approach is used to explore data on leadership the cultural aspects in the Gorontalo community. The results of this research show that formula tuja'i Molo'opu has the formula (1) repetition of a sentence, (2) repetition of the word group/phrase, (3) formula of word repetition, (4) formula of suffix, (5) formula of varied repetition, (6) parallelism.

Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review

Infant formulas are an alternative to replace or supplement human milk when breastfeeding is not possible. The knowledge of human milk’s bioactive compounds and their beneficial effects has attracted the interest of researchers in the field of infant nutrition, as well as researchers of technology and food sciences that seek to improve the nutritional characteristics of infant formulas. Several scientific studies evaluate the optimization of infant formula composition. The bioactive compound inclusion has been used to upgrade the quality and nutrition of infant formulas. In this context, the purpose of this systematic literature review is to assess the scientific evidence of bioactive compounds present in infant formulas (α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, taurine, milk fat globule membrane, folates, polyamines, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics, and probiotics) and their effects on infant nutrition and health. Through previously determined criteria, studies published in the last fifteen years from five different databases were included to identify the advances in the optimization of infant formula composition. Over the last few years, there has been optimization of the infant formula composition, not only to increase the similarities in their content of macro and micronutrients but also to include novel bioactive ingredients with potential health benefits for infants. Although the infant food industry has advanced in the last years, there is no consensus on whether novel bioactive ingredients added to infant formulas have the same functional effects as the compounds found in human milk. Thus, further studies about the impact of bioactive compounds in infant nutrition are fundamental to infant health.

TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION OF DRY MILK PRODUCT WITH A REDUCED PROTEIN CONTENT

The article presents the results of scientific research on the development of technology for the production of dry milk product with a reduced protein content. The technologies of production of the developed products by the method of spray drying of the normalized mixture and the method of mixing dry components are proposed. The formula composition of a dry milk product with a reduced protein content produced by spray drying, including permeate, milk cream with possible use of maltodextrin, and dry mixing method – dry permeate, dry cream with possible use of maltodextrin, lactose, was selected.

What is the Oxygen Isotope Composition of Venus? The Scientific Case for Sample Return from Earth’s “Sister” Planet

Venus is Earth’s closest planetary neighbour and both bodies are of similar size and mass. As a consequence, Venus is often described as Earth’s sister planet. But the two worlds have followed very different evolutionary paths, with Earth having benign surface conditions, whereas Venus has a surface temperature of 464 °C and a surface pressure of 92 bar. These inhospitable surface conditions may partially explain why there has been such a dearth of space missions to Venus in recent years. The oxygen isotope composition of Venus is currently unknown. However, this single measurement ($\Delta ^{17}\text{O}$ Δ 17 O ) would have first order implications for our understanding of how large terrestrial planets are built. Recent isotopic studies indicate that the Solar System is bimodal in composition, divided into a carbonaceous chondrite (CC) group and a non-carbonaceous (NC) group. The CC group probably originated in the outer Solar System and the NC group in the inner Solar System. Venus comprises 41% by mass of the inner Solar System compared to 50% for Earth and only 5% for Mars. Models for building large terrestrial planets, such as Earth and Venus, would be significantly improved by a determination of the $\Delta ^{17}\text{O}$ Δ 17 O composition of a returned sample from Venus. This measurement would help constrain the extent of early inner Solar System isotopic homogenisation and help to identify whether the feeding zones of the terrestrial planets were narrow or wide. Determining the $\Delta ^{17}\text{O}$ Δ 17 O composition of Venus would also have significant implications for our understanding of how the Moon formed. Recent lunar formation models invoke a high energy impact between the proto-Earth and an inner Solar System-derived impactor body, Theia. The close isotopic similarity between the Earth and Moon is explained by these models as being a consequence of high-temperature, post-impact mixing. However, if Earth and Venus proved to be isotopic clones with respect to $\Delta ^{17}\text{O}$ Δ 17 O , this would favour the classic, lower energy, giant impact scenario. We review the surface geology of Venus with the aim of identifying potential terrains that could be targeted by a robotic sample return mission. While the potentially ancient tessera terrains would be of great scientific interest, the need to minimise the influence of venusian weathering favours the sampling of young basaltic plains. In terms of a nominal sample mass, 10 g would be sufficient to undertake a full range of geochemical, isotopic and dating studies. However, it is important that additional material is collected as a legacy sample. As a consequence, a returned sample mass of at least 100 g should be recovered. Two scenarios for robotic sample return missions from Venus are presented, based on previous mission proposals. The most cost effective approach involves a “Grab and Go” strategy, either using a lander and separate orbiter, or possibly just a stand-alone lander. Sample return could also be achieved as part of a more ambitious, extended mission to study the venusian atmosphere. In both scenarios it is critical to obtain a surface atmospheric sample to define the extent of atmosphere-lithosphere oxygen isotopic disequilibrium. Surface sampling would be carried out by multiple techniques (drill, scoop, “vacuum-cleaner” device) to ensure success. Surface operations would take no longer than one hour. Analysis of returned samples would provide a firm basis for assessing similarities and differences between the evolution of Venus, Earth, Mars and smaller bodies such as Vesta. The Solar System provides an important case study in how two almost identical bodies, Earth and Venus, could have had such a divergent evolution. Finally, Venus, with its runaway greenhouse atmosphere, may provide data relevant to the understanding of similar less extreme processes on Earth. Venus is Earth’s planetary twin and deserves to be better studied and understood. In a wider context, analysis of returned samples from Venus would provide data relevant to the study of exoplanetary systems.

Scientific justification of the formula composition of biotechnological form of BAA with directed functional properties

For the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, the microbiome of the living organism is of great importance. The human health depends on quantitative and qualitative composition of microbiota. Under the influence of factors of internal and external environment there is a change in the indigenous microflora. For correction, prevention and regulation of intestinal microbiocenosis within the framework of the biotechnology program, biologically active additive (BAA) is proposed, the main components of which are selective biomass bacteria, prebiotics, peptide ultralisates. As substances that perform the function of coenzymes, thiamine (vitamin B1) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) are used in the production of this additive. The novelty of the technology is the composition and structure of solid gelatin capsules, ensuring maximum safety of biologically active ingredients and delivery of them to cells. Regulated quality indicators have been established. Sanitary-hygienic and sanitary-toxicological indicators of the BAA comply with the requirements of TR CU 021/2011 “On safety of food products”. Clinical approbation of the developed additive was carried out by volunteers with detected disorders of intestinal microbiota. BAA was taken 1 capsule 2 times a day in conjunction with other drugs regulating bowel biocenosis. At the end of dietary therapy, the microbiota recovery was observed in 90% of cases. Technical documentation has been approved for the new product, recommendations for application have been developed.

Photofragmentation of coronene cations

Recent laboratory studies have shown that PAH cations dehydrogenate to give charged molecules consisting of only carbon atoms. Our experiments using ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry show that a key group of photodissociation fragments from the coronene cation $({{\rm{C}}_{24}}{\rm{H}}_{12}^ + )$ are carbon clusters of ${\rm{C}}_n^ +$ composition. Density functional theory calculations shed light onto potential dissociation pathways leading up to the main ${\rm{C}}_{11}^ +$ and ${\rm{C}}_{12}^ +$ clusters, and highlight the importance of pentagon formations in the carbon backbone of the precursor molecule in generating certain fragments.

Prospects of creation of alcohol-free drinks on light water

The article analyzes the prospects of creating non-alcoholic tonic drinks on light water. The aim of the work is to study the properties of water with a low content of deuterium for the production of beverages. A block diagram of the production of soft drinks using as a basic component of light water, watermelon juice concentrate as a sweetener, the use of natural preservative juglona, from the pericarp walnut. The theoretical prerequisites for a large-scale transition to the production of tonic drinks based on extracts from domestic herbs and light water are formulated. For the first time the formula composition of drinks with adaptogenic properties differing in antioxidant properties is developed. The range of adaptogenic drinks, which include light water and non-traditional spicy and aromatic raw materials, was systematized, which was the justification for the proposal to use antioxidants as identifiers of the authenticity of a new group of drinks. First proposed version of the graphical visualization of the target system for the formation of flavouring spicy-aromatic characteristics of several formulations of drinks, the algorithm of modeling of the prescription of drinks with light water with a savory and spicy taste. The performed studies have practical significance and have been tested in the production conditions of the Branch № 1 of the Moscow beer and non-alcoholic plant "Ochakovo". The original formulations of tonic drinks with adaptogenic properties are designed, the permissible terms of their storage are determined. The necessary documentation for the production of beverages based on light water and aromatic raw materials has been developed. Developed draft technical specifications for the drinks: "Drink for Rugby players", "players Drink", "Drink Chess". The conclusion is made about the expediency of pilot testing of the developed technology of beverage production.

PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG IKAN TERI (STOLEPHORUS COMMERSONII) DAN TEPUNG KACANG MERAH (VIGNA ANGULARIS) TERHADAP DAYA TERIMA DAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN PIE MINI[The Effect of Anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii) Flour and Red Beans (Vigna angularis) Flour Substitution toward Mini Pie Acceptance and Proteins Content]

Anchovy flour and red beans flour are food with high proteins and essential amino acid that could be processed into various foods such as mini pie which could become high-proteins snack. This research aimed to analyze the effect of anchovy flour and red beans flour substitution towards mini pie acceptance and protein content. The design of this formula development study was true experiment with completely randomized design. There were 4 types of treatment (substitution of anchovy flour and red beans flour) with 3 times of replication. There were 25 mothers of children under five involved as untrained panelists. The differences in acceptance level was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney test (α ≤ 0.05). The result of organoleptic tests showed the most preferred formula was F3 anchovy flour 62.5 g and red bean flour 15g. The highest increase in proteins content substitution per 100 g mini pie was F3 (9,6 g). There were significant differences between F0 with F1, F2, and F3 for all characteristics (colour p=0.000, aroma p=0.027, texture p=0.002, flavour p = 0.000). The best formula composition was F3 (substituted by anchovy flour 62.5 g and red bean flour 15 g). Mini pie modified by anchovy flour and red bean flour could be functioned as an alternative high protein snack for children under five years old.

Unconsented linkage between dormant trials and administrative data: practical and regulatory implications

IntroductionHalf of all infants are fed formula milk. However, attrition biases evidence on the long-term safety of formula ingredients. We used unconsented linkage between administrative education and health records of young people who were randomised as infants to formula milks, to determine long-term safety and efficacy. Objectives and ApproachWe used record level data from a series of 9 historical randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in 1982-2002 (n=3,500 participants), which are key to the evidence-base around formula-composition. All later follow-ups are biased by attrition leading to limited evidence around the long-term effects of formula ingredients on cognition and metabolic and cardiovascular health. We sought permissions from data providers and regulatory agencies for unconsented linkage to education and hospital records, as proxy measures for cognitive and health development. We discuss the steps that were implemented to safeguard the participants' privacy and achieve ethical and multi-institutional approval for this project. ResultsAchieving provisional ethical approval took 41 days. Achieving agreement in principle to match trial data to individual level education records took 4 months and 2 weeks, while agreement to match trial data to individual level hospital records is still underway (5.5 months in February 2018). Delays in institutional approval were largely due to unharmonised data security certificates between the two government departments holding the health and education records. Digitising and cleaning all handwritten RCT participant identifiers prior to linkage took 9 months of full-time researcher time. Maintaining separation of identifiers and attribute data required specific secure haven provision. Results on the success of linkage between RCTs and education records will be presented at the conference. Conclusion/ImplicationsWhile directly contributing to the evidence around infant-formula-composition, this project will also act as a proof-of-concept study. Unconsented linkage between dormant RCTs and administrative data could be a novel and cost-effective method to generate evidence on the long-term efficacy and safety of interventions.

INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF FORMULATION PARAMETERS FOR SELFNANOEMULSIFYING DELIVERY SYSTEM OF TWO LIPOPHILIC AND GASTROINTESTINAL LABILE DRUGS USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN

Objective: Present research work aims toward codelivery of two hydrophobic drugs, curcumin (CRM) and duloxetine hydrochloride (DXH) through self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS).Methods: Initially, binary mixture in the ratio of 1:1 was prepared and then loaded into SNEDDS. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was adopted to develop SNEDDS. As per the optimal design, 13 SNEDDS prototypes were prepared. Castor oil, tween-80 and Transcutol P® were used as oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. To 1 mL of SNEDDS, 30 mg each of CRM and DXH was loaded (CRM-DXH- SNEDDS).Results: The design revealed that for mean droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), as well as percentage drug loading, all the three factors, i.e. ratio of oil (a), surfactant (b), and cosurfactant (c) were found to give significant effect. Factor B showed the most significant effect on mean droplet size (y1). In case of PDI (y2), factors B and C exerted maximum influence, whereas, Factor A has shown non-significant effect. For percentage drug loading of drugs (y3 and y4), all the three factors were found to have the most significant effect. The optimized batch of CRM-DXH- SNEDDS having composition castor oil, tween-80, and Transcutol P® in the ratio: 2.17:5.22:2.61, revealed that the mean drug loading (%) of CRM and DXH in an optimized batch of SNEDDS was found to be 87.22±1.87 and 92.32±0.19%, respectively. The mean droplet size, PDI, and zeta potential of formed SNEDDS were observed as 113.14±1.14 nm, 0.20±0.026, and −13.2 mV, respectively.Conclusion: BBD provided optimal formula composition for SNEDDS for obtaining desirable drug loading, emulsion droplet size, and zeta potential.