A Short Note on Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a structured competency based examination popularly used in examining the Medical and Nursing students. The clinical competence is evaluated by a team of examiners through uniformly timed, multiple stations. OSCE as an evaluation tool is gaining importance and it is becoming very popularly used by examiners all over the world as it is standardised and multiple observations and skills can be assessed equally for all the students in a single preparation. OSCE with its advantages like objectivity, tailored stations, safety of the patients and provision of audit and recording of the entire process has made it the most needed assessment of the skill component in most of the professional programmes concerning medical and nursing students.

Eating Competence among Brazilian Adults: A Comparison between before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus pandemic started a worldwide emergency, and tight preventive actions were necessary to protect the population, changing individuals’ daily habits. Dwelling and working at home can change dietary habits, affect food choice and access, as well as the practice of physical activity. In this regard, this study’s goal was to compare eating competence (EC) among Brazilian adults before and during the coronavirus pandemic, using the Brazilian version of the eating competence Satter inventory (ecSI2.0™BR) with the “retrospective post-then-pre” design. This cross-sectional study was performed from 30 April to 31 May 2021 among a convenience sample of the Brazilian adult population using an online platform (Google® Forms). In the studied sample (n = 302 in which 76.82% were females), EC total score lowered during the pandemic (31.69 ± 8.26 vs. 29.99 ± 9.72; p < 0.005), and the decrease was worst after the beginning of the pandemic among those who reported weight gain, decreased the consumption of fruit and vegetables, and increased the consumption of sugary beverages. The contextual skill component seems relevant in this scenario, where our life and routines were changed entirely, demonstrating that the ability to manage the food context is essential, especially when sanitary and economic situations represent a new challenge.

Integrating Life Skills through Physical Activities Programs

The purpose of this study was to investigate the integration of life skills through physical activities programs on the improvement of student life skills. The population of this study was 64 college students in Indonesia divided into two groups (experimental group n = 34 and control group n = 30). The sampling technique used cluster random sampling. The research method used was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test post-test control group design. The instrument used was the life skills scale for sport adaptation (LSSS) which consists of eight components, namely teamwork, goal setting, time management, emotional skills, communication, social skills, leadership, problem-solving, and decision making. The results showed that the physical activity integrated with the life skill program had a more significant impact on the improvement of the student's life skills than the physical activity without the integration of the life skill program. Further findings revealed that the social skill component was the life skill component that gained the highest increase. It shows that the integration of life skill programs in physical activities provides better results than physical activities without the integration of life skills programs.

UNDERSTANDING OF ONE VARIABLE LINEAR INQUIRY TOPIC SMP STUDENTS WITH SPUR APPROACH

Students' understanding can be known based on 4 components, (1) mastery of procedures (skills), (2) the ability to use properties and principles, (3) the ability to use in the context of the problem (uses), and (4) the ability to make representations ( representation). This qualitative research aims to describe students' understanding of the topic of the linear inequality of one variable guided by the 4 components of understanding. The research subjects were 3 students of grade VIII, with details of 1 student indicated to have fulfilled the 4 components of understanding, 1 student indicated to have fulfilled the 3 components of understanding, and 1 student indicated to have fulfilled the 2 components of understanding. Data collection techniques, namely task-based interviews. The results showed that the skill component of each subject mastered the inequality solving procedure, but there were differences in how to simplify, and the accuracy of each subject was also different. In the properties component, each subject provides truth arguments and conclusions in solving problems, but there are differences when identifying problems by using properties related to inequalities. In the use component, each subject is able to solve contextual problems related to inequalities, but there are differences in how to make the mathematical model. In the representation component, each subject has the ability to solve the inequality, but there are differences in representing the results. Keywords: Understanding, one variable linear inequality, and SPUR

Teaching Students to Pronounce English: A Motor Skill Approach in the Classroom

Just as forming letters is the motor skill component of writing, pronouncing—forming sounds and other features of the spoken language—is the motor skill component of pronunciation. The motor task for L2 (second language) learners is to invent for themselves the actions needed for pronouncing L2, either from matching a model they hear (goal emulation) or in some other way, and then to automatise their use of these actions. Many students—and their teachers—are dissatisfied with the results they achieve in learning to pronounce through current teaching practices. As an alternative, we argue for taking an Articulatory Approach, based on a motor skill coaching paradigm. However, learning to pronounce an L2 differs from the learning of other socially transmitted motor skills because the learners cannot see most of the significant actions that produce the results which they and others hear. This means that the coaching paradigm for pronunciation cannot be the same as that used for those motor skills where learners can watch a performance. We explain how an appropriate paradigm is implemented in the teaching techniques we describe.

Internet-of-Things Skills Among the General Population: Task-Based Performance Test Using Activity Trackers

Background The health internet-of-things (IoT) can potentially provide insights into the present health condition, potential pitfalls, and support of a healthier lifestyle. However, to enjoy these benefits, people need skills to use the IoT. These IoT skills are expected to differ across the general population, thereby causing a new digital divide. Objective This study aims to assess whether a sample of the general Dutch population can use health IoT by focusing on data and strategic IoT skills. Furthermore, we determine the role of gender, age, and education, and traditional internet skills. Methods From April 1, 2019, to December 12, 2019, 100 individuals participated in this study. Participants were recruited via digital flyers and door-to-door canvassing. A selective quota sample was divided into equal subsamples of gender, age, and education. Additional inclusion criteria were smartphone possession and no previous experience of using activity trackers. This study was conducted in 3 waves over a period of 2 weeks. In wave 1, a questionnaire was administered to measure the operational, mobile, and information internet skills of the participants, and the participants were introduced to the activity tracker. After 1 week of getting acquainted with the activity tracker, a task-based performance test was conducted in wave 2 to measure the levels of data IoT skills and the strategic IoT skill component—action plan construction. A week after the participants were asked to use the activity tracker more deliberately, a performance test was then conducted in wave 3 to measure the level of the strategic IoT skill component—action plan execution. Results The participants successfully completed 54% (13.5/25) of the data IoT skill tasks. Regarding strategic IoT tasks, the completion rates were 56% (10.1/18) for action plan construction and 43% (3.9/9) for action plan execution. None of the participants were able to complete all the data IoT skill tasks, and none of the participants were able to complete all the strategic IoT skill tasks regarding action plan construction or its execution. Age and education were important determinants of the IoT skill levels of the participants, except for the ability to execute an action plan strategically. Furthermore, the level of information internet skills of the participants contributed to their level of data IoT skills. Conclusions This study found that data and strategic IoT skills of Dutch citizens are underdeveloped with regard to health purposes. In particular, those who could benefit the most from health IoT were those who had the most trouble using it, that is, the older and lower-educated individuals.

VALIDITY OF COMPUTER-BASED ELECTROLYTE FISHER GAME TO DEVELOP PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILL OF STUDENTS IN ELECTROLYTE AND NONELECTROLYTE SOLUTION

The aim of this research was to get a valid computer-based Electrolyte Fisher game to develop problemsolving skill of students on electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solution topics so it could be used in learningactivity. The type of this research was development research by using 4D model with four stages includingdefine, design, develop, and disseminate, but the stages carried out in this research only until developmentstage. Validity was determined by two chemistry lecturers and one chemistry teacher. Research resultsproved that Electrolyte Fisher game was valid based on content validity percentage of 84.44% and constructvalidity percentage of 85.37%. There were three criteria assessed in content validity including thecorrectness of concepts in matter obtaining a percentage of 86.67%; the suitability of matter with learningobjectives obtaining 86.67%; and the suitability of game with problem-solving skill component obtaining80.00%. There were two criteria assessed in construct validity, namely the suitability of game with learningmedia requirements which included nine aspects obtaining percentage of 87.78% and the suitability ofdisplay quality in game which included three aspects obtaining 82.96%. Based on results of this researchshowed that the computer-based Electrolyte Fisher game to develop students’ problem-solving skill wasdeclared valid.Key words: electrolyte fisher game, problem-solving skill, electrolyte, and nonelectrolyte solution.

Internet-of-Things Skills Among the General Population: Task-Based Performance Test Using Activity Trackers (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The health internet-of-things (IoT) can potentially provide insights into the present health condition, potential pitfalls, and support of a healthier lifestyle. However, to enjoy these benefits, people need skills to use the IoT. These <i>IoT skills</i> are expected to differ across the general population, thereby causing a new digital divide. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess whether a sample of the general Dutch population can use health IoT by focusing on data and strategic IoT skills. Furthermore, we determine the role of gender, age, and education, and <i>traditional</i> internet skills. METHODS From April 1, 2019, to December 12, 2019, 100 individuals participated in this study. Participants were recruited via digital flyers and door-to-door canvassing. A selective quota sample was divided into equal subsamples of gender, age, and education. Additional inclusion criteria were smartphone possession and no previous experience of using activity trackers. This study was conducted in 3 waves over a period of 2 weeks. In wave 1, a questionnaire was administered to measure the operational, mobile, and information internet skills of the participants, and the participants were introduced to the activity tracker. After 1 week of getting acquainted with the activity tracker, a task-based performance test was conducted in wave 2 to measure the levels of data IoT skills and the strategic IoT skill component—<i>action plan construction</i>. A week after the participants were asked to use the activity tracker more deliberately, a performance test was then conducted in wave 3 to measure the level of the strategic IoT skill component—<i>action plan execution</i>. RESULTS The participants successfully completed 54% (13.5/25) of the data IoT skill tasks. Regarding strategic IoT tasks, the completion rates were 56% (10.1/18) for action plan construction and 43% (3.9/9) for action plan execution. None of the participants were able to complete all the data IoT skill tasks, and none of the participants were able to complete all the strategic IoT skill tasks regarding action plan construction or its execution. Age and education were important determinants of the IoT skill levels of the participants, except for the ability to execute an action plan strategically. Furthermore, the level of information internet skills of the participants contributed to their level of data IoT skills. CONCLUSIONS This study found that data and strategic IoT skills of Dutch citizens are underdeveloped with regard to health purposes. In particular, those who could benefit the most from health IoT were those who had the most trouble using it, that is, the older and lower-educated individuals.

Labor Boundaries and Skills: The Case of Lobbyists

What are the determinants of in-house employment versus outsourcing in the service sector? I use detailed data on U.S. lobbying services to answer this question. I argue with a series of correlational exercises that firms tend to outsource lobbying tasks that demand a large amount of general skills, whereas they are more likely to assign firm-specific tasks to in-house lobbyists. I provide causal evidence that the need to do tasks that vary in their general skill component leads to a change in outsourcing. Using difference-in-difference estimations, I show that the 2010 British Petroleum oil spill increased the general skills needed by oil and gas firms and that, consequently, their use of lobbyists for hire increased. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

IMPACT OF HEALTH CAPITAL AND EDUCATION ON INFANT MORTALITY RATE OF DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB

Economies with large labor population and labor oriented production face problems of quality of labor provided. This quality can be divided into two components; one the skill component and other the health component. The purpose of the paper is to identify the root causes of low health standards in the working population. The district wise data of Punjab (Pakistan), revealed that fertility rate, number of hospitals, literacy rate, and proxy income are the major determinants that can reduce Infant Mortality Rate, and the time being dummy variable in GMM model indicated the health standard to be depreciated in 2011 as compared to 2004