Shifting interpretations in evidence and guidance in pain and opioids research: A bibliometric analysis of a highly cited case series from 1986

Rationale, aims, and objectives: Portenoy and Foley’s 1986 landmark study “Chronic use of opioid analgesics in non-malignant pain: report of 38 cases” has been reproached for opening the floodgates of opioid prescribing for chronic non-cancer pain and the attendant harms. This influential article has been cited over 500 times in the scientific literature over the last four decades. This study seeks to understand the impact of Portenoy and Foley’s article on subsequent discussions and research about opioids. Methods: We conducted a multi-method bibliometric analysis of all citations of this article from 1986 through 2019 using quantitative relational and qualitative content analysis to determine how uses and interpretations of this case series and associated prescribing guidance have changed over time, in relationship to the evolution of the North American opioid crises. Results: Using time series analysis, we identified three periods with distinct interpretations and uses of the index study. In the first “exploration” period (1986-1996), the index study was well-received by the scientific community and motivated further study of the effects of opioids. In the second “implementation” period (1997-2003, coinciding with the release of OxyContin®), this study was used as evidence to support widespread prescribing of opioid analgesics, even while it was recognized that long-term effects had not yet been evaluated. The third “reassessment” period (2004-2019) focused on how opioid-related harms had been overlooked, and in many cases these harms were directly attributed to this study. Conclusion: These changes in interpretation demonstrate shifting currents of the use and mobilization of evidence regarding pain and opioids, and how these currents both impact and are impacted by clinical practices and major sociohistorical phenomena such as the opioid crisis. Researchers and clinicians must account for these shifting dynamics when developing and interpreting scientific knowledge, including in the form of clinical practice guidelines.

What Hit and Miss in Indonesia CBM Project : Empirical Study Slowing Down Factors CBM Development and Propose Suitable Action for CBM Development in Indonesia by Using Analytical Hierarch Process.

In 2008, the first Coal Bed Methane (CBM) PSC was signed in Indonesia. To date, 54 CBM PSCs have been awarded to explore and develop CBM Block in Indonesia. Twelve years later, only one PSC has submitted a Plan of Development but has not yet produced gas commercially. Most CBM PSCs have been struggling during the 10 years’ exploration period and some may receive extensions for 3 years under specific conditions. The lack of integrated authorities’ approval in the overlay of coal mining and natural gas production areas has become a great obstacle for CBM Development. Besides that, the government regulations in CBM activities have defects in PSC contract terms that may lead marginal economic value for contractors, especially due to high investment during the early development (C. Irawan, 2017). On the other hand, drilling regulations, Pipe Classing standards and Testing Standards following the Oil and Gas standards are too expensive for CBM Investment. According to our observations, CBM Regulations in Indonesia should be modified starting from the Exploration period, Production Sharing Contract Terms and Standard Operating Procedures to suit Indonesian CBM characteristics. Good coordination within government departments is a must for the success of CBM Exploration and Development.

A Historical Review of Physical Education in China (1949-2020)

With the drastic changes in the historical context, political and social reconstructions played a significant role in the formation of the contemporary education system in China as well as other countries around the world. Based on the chronicled outline of past revolutions in the Chinese society, this paper aims to provide a broad historical overview of the history and development of physical education (PE) in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. The process of PE reform in China occurred in four distinct stages, including the Initial Establishment Stage (1949 to 1956), the Exploration Period (1956 to 1966), the Regression Era (1966 to 1976), and the Era of Renaissance and Transformation (1979 to present). This historical review describes the development of PE as a curriculum area across these four critical periods and includes an analysis of historical contexts, policies, faculty training, curriculum settings, and pedagogical content in PE. This paper focuses mainly on PE within elementary and secondary schools in China, accompanied by a brief introduction to college PE in China. Through an examination of the four distinct stages of PE reform in China, a comprehensive understanding of the overall development of PE within these historical periods is presented. Inspired by the development of the educational system in China, a touch on the physical education concepts in countries around the world will also be included. The systematic review on international PE establishments serves to provide a general idea of how future improvements can be adapted to the trend of globalization and other potential public transformations.

AUGMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN RETAIL - A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Purpose – “Augmented and Virtual Reality” is a trend in retail that is lately catching a lot of attraction. These interactive technologies enhance the retail process by offering a better shopping experience and affects consumer's preference towards the retailers. Retailers need to align their business model to counteract the changing traffic patterns. This study will help in inferring trends, themes researched, identifying the prolific authors, researchers, and present the big picture. Methodology - To understand the current research state, Biblioshiny and VOS viewer has been employed to conduct a quantitative study on research papers done in the field of AR/VR in retail during the period 1993-2020 from the “Web of Science core database”. Findings - (1) Increase in publication of papers in the past 27 years, divided into 2 parts: a low exploration period and developmental period. (2) The research covers 38 countries. With respect to the research volume, the top five countries being – (i) “China”, (ii) “the United States”, (iii) “the United Kingdom”, (iv) “Germany”, and (v) “South Korea”. There has been a lot of collaboration between these countries, with maximum collaboration between the USA and China. (3) Virtual Reality, Retailing, Interactivity are amongst the trending keywords in this field in recent years. (4) The main research themes in area of AR/VR in retail mainly focuses on the research directions like – the adoption of the technology, impact on consumer behavior, and performance and user's information control. An overview of present state of academic studies was generated by employing a knowledge-based map which recognises researcher collaboration networks. This study is riveting as it has rarely been examined in this in a new manner.

Research Status of Innovative Industrial Clusters in China Based on Bibliometric Analysis

The development of innovative industrial clusters is an important way to promote the development of innovative enterprises in China. At the same time, it also has definite practical significance to encourage regional innovation. This paper uses the CNKI database as the research platform, and selects the literature in the field of innovative industrial clusters from 2002 to March 1, 2021 as the research object, using bibliometrics method and CiteSpace software tools to analyze the number of publications, cooperative institutions, research hotspots, and trends. Perform visual analysis and systematically comb the progress status of innovative industrial clusters and predict future research trends in China. The research results show that the research on the basic theories of innovation industry clusters is not solid enough in China, and the cooperation between scientific research institutions needs to be strengthened; in addition, in this paper, the research process is divided into the embryonic exploration period and the development period for analysis, and then found it Related research hotspots mainly focus on innovative industrial clusters and industrial cluster theory, innovative industrial cluster development areas, innovative enterprises and government policies.

How Fast Can Our Horses Go? Measuring the Quality of Positioning Technologies

Whether Henry Ford or someone else gave us this famous quote, ‘If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses’, we may agree that it implies there is a limit to what we can expect from the performance of an existing solution. Science and technology always try to push the boundaries and ‘improve’; improving the quality of our lives or improving the quality of technologies. We, as researchers in the area of navigation, are no exception; we want to improve the quality of navigation services. And there are many ways to do so, and challenges and limitations to those attempts. Some researchers look to improve the accuracy, the reliability, the integrity through different approaches. Some try to reduce or model noise, some try to minimise human error, and some use novel techniques and algorithms for better prediction. Of course, when ‘our horses cannot go any faster’ and there is not much space for improvement for a certain technology or service, researchers may come up with a completely new solution, such as an automobile. Almost all new technologies go through the same exploration period; at the beginning, we want to see how and if it works so we try simple tasks, but then we become more ambitious (or greedier!) and so we introduce it to more difficult challenges until it hits the breaking point. At this point, curious researchers and inventors try to push the boundaries and make the technology better, and if improvement is not possible, they build (invent) a new solution. But what is the ‘quality’ that many of us want to improve? How the quality of a technology or service can be measured in the first place?

Eight-year Medical Education Program: Retrospect and Prospect of the High-level Medical Talent Training in China

Purpose: The 8-year medical education program (EYMEP) is China’s path to training high-level medical talents. In retrospect, this study systematically reviewed the developmental process of China’s EYMEP. The status quo and characteristics, and threats and challenges, were analyzed, along with the program’s prospects. Design/Approach/Methods: This study analyzed relevant textual materials and policy documents dating back to the time of hosting of China’s EYMEP, as well as conducted various specific interviews and field trips. Findings: The exploration of China’s high-level medical talent training has been conducted over a century. EYMEP can be divided into five periods: the Only Host Period, the Duplication Pilot Host Period, the Expansion Period, the Joint Exploration Period, and the In-Depth Promotion Period. Currently, there are 14 universities and institutes hosting the EYMEP approved by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. However, they differ greatly in training ideas and goals, enrollment processes, and training phases. China’s EYMEP is faced with some external threats and internal challenges. In the future, China’s EYMEP should consider five aspects. Originality/Value: In the new era of the reform and development of China’s medical education, a systematic review of the development of EYMEP in China is of great significance to the promotion of high-level medical talent training in China. Meanwhile, the exploration course of China’s high-level medical talent training represented by the EYMEP may be an enlightenment for other countries, especially developing countries like China, in their training of high-level medical talents.

Phototropism rapidly exploring random tree: An efficient rapidly exploring random tree approach based on the phototropism of plants

Inspired by the phototropism of plants, a novel variant of the rapidly exploring random tree algorithm as called phototropism rapidly exploring random tree is proposed. The phototropism rapidly exploring random tree algorithm expands less tree nodes during the exploration period and has shorter path length than the original rapidly exploring random tree algorithm. In the algorithm, a virtual light source is set up at the goal point, and a light beam propagation method is adopted on the map to generate a map of light intensity distribution. The phototropism rapidly exploring random tree expands its node toward the space where the light intensity is higher, while the original rapidly exploring random tree expands its node based on the uniform sampling strategy. The performance of the phototropism rapidly exploring random tree is tested in three scenarios which include the simulation environment and the real-world environment. The experimental results show that the proposed phototropism rapidly exploring random tree algorithm has a higher sampling efficiency than the original rapidly exploring random tree, and the path length is close to the optimal solution of the rapidly exploring random tree* algorithm without considering the non-holonomic constraint.

A.P.ÇEXOVUN YARADICILIĞININ AZƏRBAYCAN ƏDƏBİYYATŞÜNASLIĞINDA TƏDQİQİ

Key words: work, Azerbaijan, story, perfect, exploration, period, Russian, creativity, literary, language

MNL-Bandit: A Dynamic Learning Approach to Assortment Selection

We consider a dynamic assortment selection problem where in every round the retailer offers a subset (assortment) of N substitutable products to a consumer, who selects one of these products according to a multinomial logit (MNL) choice model. The retailer observes this choice, and the objective is to dynamically learn the model parameters while optimizing cumulative revenues over a selling horizon of length T. We refer to this exploration–exploitation formulation as the MNL-Bandit problem. Existing methods for this problem follow an explore-then-exploit approach, which estimates parameters to a desired accuracy and then, treating these estimates as if they are the correct parameter values, offers the optimal assortment based on these estimates. These approaches require certain a priori knowledge of “separability,” determined by the true parameters of the underlying MNL model, and this in turn is critical in determining the length of the exploration period. (Separability refers to the distinguishability of the true optimal assortment from the other suboptimal alternatives.) In this paper, we give an efficient algorithm that simultaneously explores and exploits, without a priori knowledge of any problem parameters. Furthermore, the algorithm is adaptive in the sense that its performance is near optimal in the “well-separated” case as well as the general parameter setting where this separation need not hold.