Current knowledge on the microbiota of edible insects intended for human consumption: A state-of-the-art review

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 108527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Garofalo ◽  
Vesna Milanović ◽  
Federica Cardinali ◽  
Lucia Aquilanti ◽  
Francesca Clementi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects

What's eating North America's edible insect industry? An examination of psychological, cultural and regulatory barriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Christl Li ◽  
Sean B. Cash ◽  
Julie Lesnik ◽  
Timothy S. Griffin ◽  
Joel Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Structural Barrier ◽  
Regulatory Barriers ◽  
Specific Regulation

Abstract Although research has demonstrated the positive nutritional value and environmental benefits associated with edible insect consumption, several factors challenge the growth and development of the edible insect industry for human consumption in the US and Canada. Cultural and psychological factors account for much of the aversion US and Canadian consumers display. The absence of specific regulation also constitutes a structural barrier to more widespread production and sale of edible insects. Compared to the US, the European Union has a more developed edible insect industry and has enacted legislation that removes some of the barriers. As consumer awareness of the putative health benefits of edible insects increases, more comprehensive regulations may emerge to keep pace with the growth of this industry. Overall, a multi-disciplinary approach that addresses both benefits and barriers to consumption is needed to facilitate a robust market for edible insects in the US and Canada.

Could new information influence attitudes to foods supplemented with edible insects?

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 2027-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Barsics ◽  
Rudy Caparros Megido ◽  
Yves Brostaux ◽  
Catherine Barsics ◽  
Christophe Blecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Information Session ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
New Information ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Broader acceptance of entomophagy (i.e. human consumption of insects) will depend on factors that impact consumers’ perceptions of edible insects. The purpose of this paper is to examine how a broad-based information session would affect consumers’ perceptions and attitudes about an edible insect product. Design/methodology/approach During a taste testing session, preceded or followed by an information session about entomophagy, participants rated the organoleptic characteristics of two bread samples on nine-point hedonic scales. The two bread samples were identical, though one was faux-labelled as containing an insect product. Findings Generalised linear model (GLM) analysis showed effects of gender, information session exposure, entomophagy familiarity, and entomophagy experience on participants’ ratings of the samples. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney ranked sum tests showed that appearance, flavour, and overall liking were significantly better rated for the bread sample labelled as insect free by participants who attended the presentation a priori. Potential ways to improve information content and delivery in favour of encouraging dietary shifts are discussed. Practical implications This study shows that information about insect-based products could change consumers’ perceptions of such products. The results provide clues regarding how the food industry can adapt communication for target audiences. Originality/value Actual edible insect products were not used in this study. Paradoxically, it is the first to show the impact of an information session on the acceptability of edible insect products, by revealing participants’ perceptual expectations.

scholarly journals Etiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A State-of-the-Art Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco C. Romão ◽  
João Eurico Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Societal Level

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease. It is associated with significant burden at the patient and societal level. Extensive efforts have been devoted to identifying a potential cause for the development of RA. Epidemiological studies have thoroughly investigated the association of several factors with the risk and course of RA. Although a precise etiology remains elusive, the current understanding is that RA is a multifactorial disease, wherein complex interactions between host and environmental factors determine the overall risk of disease susceptibility, persistence and severity. Risk factors related to the host that have been associated with RA development may be divided into genetic; epigenetic; hormonal, reproductive and neuroendocrine; and comorbid host factors. In turn, environmental risk factors include smoking and other airborne exposures; microbiota and infectious agents; diet; and socioeconomic factors. In the present narrative review, aimed at clinicians and researchers in the field of RA, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the current knowledge on this topic, focusing on recent progresses that have improved our comprehension of disease risk and development.

scholarly journals Consumer acceptance of edible insects and design interventions as adoption strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saara-Maria Kauppi ◽  
Ida Nilstad Pettersen ◽  
Casper Boks
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Media ◽  
General Adoption

Edible insects are regarded as one of the most sustainable animal protein sources for human consumption, but for western people insects are a rather unusual food ingredient. In the media, however, insect consumption is gaining increasing attention and people are starting to acknowledge insects as a potential source of protein. The eating of insects, ‘entomophagy’, is bringing new insect food companies, ‘ento-preneurs’ to the market, yet current research is still insufficient and relatively fragmented to support the commercialization of insect-based food products. Therefore, more systematic research approaches are needed in this area. This review article introduces the benefits and challenges of insect-eating, discusses the factors that are known to influence consumer acceptance, and categorizes factors including adoption strategies into a framework that can be applied in future consumer studies on entomophagy. In addition, the article introduces three distinctive examples of design interventions to illustrate how design can contribute as a strategy to support the general adoption of insect foods by western consumers.

Treatment of elbow instability: state of the art

2020 ◽  
pp. jisakos-2019-000316
Author(s):  
Alessandro Marinelli ◽  
Benjamin R Graves ◽  
Gregory Ian Bain ◽  
Luigi Pederzini
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Elbow Instability ◽  
Soft Tissue Healing ◽  
Tissue Healing

The elbow is a congruent joint with a high degree of inherent stability, provided by osseous and soft-tissue constraints; however, when substantial lesions of these stabilising structures happen, instability of the elbow occurs. Significant improvements in surgical elbow instability diagnosis and treatment have been recently introduced both for acute and chronic cases. Specific stress tests, recently introduced in the clinical practice, and different imaging techniques, both static and dynamic, allow assessment of the elbow stabilisers and detection of the instability direction and mechanism even in subtle forms. Many surgical techniques have been standardised and surgical instruments and devices, specifically dedicated to elbow instability treatment, have been developed. Specific rehabilitation protocols have been designed to protect the healing of the elbow stabilisers while minimising elbow stiffness. However, despite the progress, surgical treatments can be challenging even for expert surgeons and the rate of persistent instability, post-traumatic arthritis, stiffness and pain can be still high especially in most demanding cases. The biology of the soft-tissue healing remains one of the most important aspects for future investigation. If future research will help to understand, correct or modulate the biological response of soft-tissue healing, our confidence in elbow instability management and the reproducibility of our treatment will tremendously improve. In this paper, the state of the art of the current knowledge of elbow instability is presented, specifically focusing on modern surgical techniques used to solve instability, with repair or reconstruction of the damaged elbow stabilisers.

scholarly journals ‘Minilivestock’ farming: Who is farming edible insects in Europe and North America?

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhoda M Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Mass Rear ◽  
Edible Insect ◽  
Exotic Pets

An innovative food sector is emerging in North America and Europe: edible insects. Eating insects is not new; farming insects for human consumption is novel. This article provides an overview of entomophagy to contextualise this upsurge in ‘minilivestock’ farming. It also charts the rise of ‘feeder’ insect farms, because their ability to mass rear invertebrates – for exotic pets, reptiles and other insectivores – is of much interest to those starting and intensifying edible insect farms. A descriptive characterisation of frontier farmers will be provided by preliminary profile findings from 17 semi-structured pilot interviews with people with varying experience of rearing feeder and/or food insects. Since conventional livestock workers were the ‘forgotten pillar’ in agricultural research, this article affords timely insights into the socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle interests and farming experiences of ‘entopreneurs’ shaping this new ‘insect industry’.

scholarly journals Is the diversity of the Beach Flies adequately known? Some notes on the state of the art of current knowledge (Diptera: Canacidae)

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Munari
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
West African ◽  
The State ◽  
South American ◽  
The West ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
The World

An overview of the major zoogeographical gaps in our knowledge of the world beach flies (subfamilies Apetaeninae, Horaismopterinae, Pelomyiinae, and Tethininae) is provided. The identified areas treated in this work are as follows: the subarctic Beringia, the South American circum-Antarctic islands, the Neotropical Region south of the equator, most of the West African seacoasts, the huge area ranging from India, across the Bay of Bengal, to Sumatra and Java, and most of Australia. Apart from the inhospitable northernmost and southernmost areas of the planet, which feature a real very low biodiversity, the remaining vast areas dealt with in this work woefully suffer a dramatic paucity of field collections, as well as of previously collected materials preserved in scientific institutions. This might seem a truism that, however, must be emphasized in order to unequivocally identify the geographic areas that need to be further investigated

scholarly journals Edible insects unlikely to contribute to transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dicke ◽  
J. Eilenberg ◽  
J. Falcao Salles ◽  
A.B. Jensen ◽  
A. Lecocq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses

In the context of food safety, edible insects are evaluated for biological hazards such as microbial pathogens according to regulations currently in place. When the European Food Safety Authority evaluated the hazards of edible insects as a potential source of pathogenic viruses for humans and livestock, the novel zoonotic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had not yet emerged but other pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS (SARS-CoV) and MERS (MERS-CoV) were known. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, animal sources of protein for human consumption are being evaluated for the risks of being a transmission vector of coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV-2. Insects lack a receptor that can bind SARS-CoV-2, thus preventing the virus from replicating in insects, unlike some vertebrate livestock species and companion animals. Despite extensive monitoring, coronaviruses have never been recorded in insect microbiomes. Contamination of insects produced for food or feed may occur during the production process, resulting from rearing substrate or from insect farmers. However, the currently permitted rearing substrates do not include animal products and the farming process is highly automated, thus limiting interactions between farmers and insects. If contamination would still occur, the fact that the insects in production are not hosts to SARS-CoV-2 precludes virus replication and the further processing of the insects will destroy the contamination. We conclude that the hazard of edible insects being a transmission vector of SARS-CoV-2 is extremely low.

Interactions Between Food and Gut Microbiota: Impact on Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanbei Wu ◽  
Jiawei Wan ◽  
Uyory Choe ◽  
Quynhchi Pham ◽  
Norberta W. Schoene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Human Health ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Food Components ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding the relationship between food and the gut microbiota, their interactions, and how each modulates the other is critical for successful promotion of human health. This review seeks to summarize ( a) the current knowledge on the effects of food and food components on gut microbiota and ( b) the association between gut microbiota, consumption of food, and food bioactive components and the resulting beneficial health outcomes. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art information on food and gut microbiota interactions and to stimulate discussions and research approaches that will move the field forward.

scholarly journals Current Knowledge on Interspecific Hybrid Palm Oils as Food and Food Ingredient

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Massimo Mozzon ◽  
Roberta Foligni ◽  
Cinzia Mannozzi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The consumers’ opinion concerning conventional palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil is negatively affected by environmental and nutritional issues. However, oils extracted from drupes of interspecific hybrids Elaeis oleifera × E. guineensis are getting more and more interest, due to their chemical and nutritional properties. Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic) are the most abundant constituents (60%–80% of total fatty acids) of hybrid palm oil (HPO) and are mainly acylated in position sn-2 of the glycerol backbone. Carotenes and tocotrienols are the most interesting components of the unsaponifiable matter, even if their amount in crude oils varies greatly. The Codex Committee on Fats and Oils recently provided HPO the “dignity” of codified fat substance for human consumption and defined the physical and chemical parameters for genuine crude oils. However, only few researches have been conducted to date on the functional and technological properties of HPO, thus limiting its utilization in food industry. Recent studies on the nutritional effects of HPO softened the initial enthusiasm about the “tropical equivalent of olive oil”, suggesting that the overconsumption of HPO in the most-consumed processed foods should be carefully monitored.

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